MC2228A1 - SYSTEMS AND MEANS FOR THE HANDLING AND SAILING OF CARS IN MODULAR PARKING AUTOMATED UNDERGROUND OR NOT AND IMPROVEMENTS RELATING THERE TO CLOSE ACCESS AND TO GUARANTEE THE SAFETY OF THE PERSONS AND VEHICLES USING THEM - Google Patents

Description

"Systems and means for handling and storing cars in automated modular parking facilities, underground or above ground, and related improvements for closing access and ensuring the safety of people and vehicles using them."

SUMMARY

The object of the present invention consists of a new system and the means necessary for its implementation, ensuring the handling and storage of vehicles in 10 automated modular underground, elevated, or mixed parking facilities. These means perform the necessary functions through various lifting devices, pallets, supports, and horizontal sliding columns, hydraulic or mechanical actuation devices, as well as through elements enabling the use of closure details and means capable of guaranteeing, first and foremost, the safety of users of said parking facilities and secondly, that of the vehicles stored therein, as well as through means allowing access maneuvers in narrow spaces where ramps or multiple access points cannot be constructed.

DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to the solution and improvement of systems or means to be adopted in modular parking lots, underground or outdoor, automated or not, and which are to be taken into consideration not only on the basis of their operation and rationality, but also for the safety they must offer to their users and to the vehicles which are moved, transported and stored inside them.

The present invention is thus innovative in terms of the elements that move, drive, lift, and transport cars from the moment the driver introduces them and drives them near these elements, and in terms of automatic transport elements, from the moment they are entrusted by the user to all these means and automations that drive them away and hand them over successively to the user upon recall to be returned to the access points; in addition, the invention specifies, describes, and claims all these systems and means that complement it by making it safer and more efficient.

The object of the invention is to achieve, in the manner mentioned above, all the means provided for:

- to bring the car close to and onto the platforms or automatic driving platforms;

- to prepare the car so that it can be automatically transported inside the parking lot, without having to accompany it but leaving it where it is necessary to drop it off before it moves, without a driver;

5 - to make the use of this type of parking more functional and safer;

- to automatically move, drive or relocate vehicles in underground or above-ground car parks;

- to ensure the smooth running of all these movements with

10 accuracy, speed and excluding errors or damage to the i

people and vehicles;

- to have the cars placed on the same pallet that picked them up and drove them to where they are stored;

- so that the pallets are supported by shelves or 15 support elements cantilevered from the horizontal walls;

- to ensure the closure of access to the parking lot;

- to exploit spaces with limited access and otherwise unusable;

- to facilitate the necessary movements and maneuvers 20 before handing over or taking back from the system the vehicles of interest;

- to ensure maximum safety for users, both their own personal safety and that of the vehicles that we want to entrust to the system;

25 - to also conceal access points when these

occupy protected or reserved areas, or when they could visually pollute the environments in which said parking lots are located.

The goal was achieved by the realization of all the elements producing a new system, different from existing ones, rational, and which offers the following advantages:

I. It is safe with regard to compliance with legislation on accident prevention;

II. It is suitable for respecting the environment when it can disfigure the spaces adjacent to which it is located or in which are the necessary service adjacencies and possibly located outside;

III. It is rational with regard to all the movements that the driver of the vehicle to be ensiled or harvested must make;

IV. It is subsequently rational with respect to all the i's!

movements that the automatisms solicit or order it to perform. The invention will be better illustrated by the following detailed description, according to a preferred embodiment, proposed as a non-binding and non-limiting example and which refers to the figures in the accompanying drawings, in which FIG. 1 shows a closed underground parking lot represented by a cross-section or vertical section indicated by the line CG marked in FIG. 4, with the boxes composing it seen from behind, occupied or not by cars and with the vex-tical lifting means engaging a pallet carrying a car;

FIG.2 shows the same underground parking lot, open, represented by a longitudinal and vertical section indicated by the line BB marked in FIG.3, with the boxes seen from the side, occupied or not by cars and with the vertical lifting means engaged to hold a car in a raised position and on the pallet, before the latter starts moving again to descend and keep the car in the parking lot, or otherwise to drive the car where the user can pick it up;

FIG.3 shows the parking lot examined previously, in this case seen from above and with a single fixed loading platform, placed above the opening of the latter and under the fence roof and where a car is arriving, on the vertical mobile transport platform;

FIG. 4 shows the same parking lot seen again from above, this time with two opposing loading planes, both at the level of the driveway and on the side of the entrance to the parking lot, and where on one of the two planes, more precisely on the one on the right, is the car covered by the roof (this time larger than the first), ready to leave the parking lot or in the process of entering it;

FIG. 5 shows in detail the parking area where we see two pairs of horizontal columns opposite two others between which the pallet from the left is parked, without a car and loaded onto the vertical transport platform;

FIG. 6 shows the same detail of the parking lot in the figure

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previous one where the pallet, in this case, carries a car taken from the box next door and loaded onto the vertical means of transport;

FIG. 7 represents the same detail of the parking lot from the previous figure where the pallet, in this case, carries a car taken from the box and loaded onto the vertical means of transport, which moves between the horizontal columns going either upwards or downwards;

FIG. 8 represents the same detail of the parking lot from the previous figure where the pallet, in this case, carries a car which it is in the process of picking up or placing on the two horizontal columns;

FIG. 9 represents an enlarged detail of FIG. 1 where the upper part of the parking lot is highlighted when it is open, when the pallet on the vertical transport plane has reached the 15th level of the driveway, when the fence roof is raised and the car is about to be carried onto one of the side planes flanking the entrance to the underground, or when it is coming from it;

FIG. 10 represents the same detail as in the previous figure, where the upper part of the parking lot is highlighted when it is open, and the vertical means of transport has reached plane i

drivable, that the roof of the enclosure is raised and that the car has been carried, turned and pushed onto the lateral plane of the side which flanks the entrance to the tunnel, or that it is about to be moved away from it; 25 FIG. 11 represents the same detail of the previous figure, where

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The upper part of the parking area is highlighted when it is constructed with a single loading platform, when it is open, when the roof is reduced and open, when the vertical transport platform has reached the level of the driveway, when the car has possibly been turned and pushed onto the single platform flanking the entrance to the underground parking area or is about to be moved away from it, and where the means that laterally move and rotate the platform carrying the pallet, with or without a car, are clearly illustrated. The tables in the accompanying drawing show the elements constituting the system, which are:

- the pallet 1 made of composite sheet metal welded to other suitable materials and whose surface is provided with grooves 2 into which the wheels of the vehicle occupying it sink in so that it remains immobile, or other suitable locking systems;

- the pairs of hydraulic cylinders 4 and 5 which, connected to the platform 8, perform the right or left movements of the pallet 1 as a pair: they are equipped, at the end of their rod, with an electromagnet 7, or other devices performing the same functions, so that they remain connected to the pallet 1 when the latter needs to be removed, as shown in part in Figure 8. Alternatively, it is possible to achieve this same movement using the following systems:

a) a system with bilateral double telescopic forks driven by an electric or hydraulic motor or other system; b) with a cam system or other suitable systems.

- The mobile or transport platform 9, which moves while remaining inside the garage, carries the turntable 8 (which in turn carries the pallet) and guides its movements via the geared motor 10 and other gears. It is guided by vertical slides 18 having the same length as the vertical walls of the garage, and is driven by chains 23, or, as mentioned above, by hydraulic or mechanical drive mechanisms. These hydraulic mechanisms can be implemented in the following ways: 1) by one or more central direct pistons (normal or telescopic);

'I * .

2) by a direct lateral piston (1 or 2 or more normal or telescopic pistons);

3) by a piston in a pulley system (1 or 2 or more pistons);

15 4) by a worm gear system (1 or 2 or more worm gears).

As it ascends, and reaches a certain height, it pushes the columns 16 supporting the roof or the fence 14, while on the descent it guides the latter until it reaches the opening 15. This structure is formed by a robust profiled metal frame whose shape is designed to avoid the rigid elements of the garage it encounters along its path. This makes it lighter and allows for better maneuvering of the columns 16, which are in turn positioned so as not to obstruct the movement of the cars being transported (see Figures 3 and 4).

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where it appears suitable for serving the garage exit, consisting of one or two horizontal and opposing loading platforms.

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- the platform 8 which rotates thanks to the geared motor 10 in the circular slides cut into the horizontal surface of the

5 mobile plan 9.

This platform is used to turn the car when, upon exiting, it needs to be oriented in one direction rather than another, or in an intermediate direction. This is essential when the garage exit(s) do not have dual traffic lanes, when they have only one carriageway, or when reversing is difficult. This rotation can be achieved as follows: a vertical lifting platform mounted on a vertical moving plane, following a predetermined path, raises the pallet containing the car so that, during the rotation, the car does not encounter any obstacles in the parking lot; this rotation can take place at any level of the parking lot.

- the chain mechanisms 23 necessary for the vertical handling 20 of the moving plane 9. The vertical slides 18

t securely joined to two opposing vertical walls of the garage.

- the geared motor 12 y relating to the movements of the chains 23 or the drive mechanisms can be replaced by a pump with an oil reservoir, placed on the bottom plane 17.

25 - the sliding and support elements 13 for pallets 1,

%

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which in the illustrated case are cylindrical and tubular, sealed to the walls and fixed to the sides 8 or 9 of the garage, whether the latter is excavated and underground or raised outside with a welded structure. They can also be built using steel profiles of various designs.

- the horizontal sliding bushings 3, securely attached to the pallet 1, see Figure 6, complete with anti-friction material pads and possibly fitted with ball bushings necessary for the guided rolling of the pallets along the

10 horizontal columns, 13 support columns.

- the horizontal columns 13, (see all figures, always in pairs) parallel and opposite each other, sealed to the walls or firmly fixed to the vertical walls S and D of the-

underground or outdoor parking. They serve to support the

15 pallet when it is placed by the turntable 8.

They are spaced apart to accommodate pallets with cars of the same or different heights. For the latter, particularly those that exceed the planes or plane 19, the mobile plane 9, when it is 20, is raised to the level of the carriage plane, so that the pallet 1 does not hit them when it has to be unloaded, is raised above the carriage plane and retracts when the rotation is completed, and, placed on the horizontal columns 13, it receives and deposits the cars.

25 - the mobile fence 14, capable of closing the only opening

Access point 15 is the barrier through which all vehicles that the parking lot can accommodate must pass. This barrier moves according to the permitted upward and downward movements; it is always located outside and can vary in size depending on its intended function, as will be seen later. It always maintains a horizontal position, parallel to the driveway, and when not serving as a barrier for opening 15, it acts as a roof to protect the opening and its users from the elements. Only in emergencies may this barrier be raised by an employee independently of the platform's operation. Elastic seals and drainage channels define the cover's finish; see all figures except figures 5, 6, 7, and 8.

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The columns 16 which support and guide the cover 14 in its movements, are guided by the sockets 17 embedded in the concrete of the garage ceiling; they are set in motion by the movable plane 9, which always remains inside the garage and which has the same number of notches in which the columns adjust when they have to be moved and are released when the plane 9 leaves them going down. The roof 14, when the columns 16 are no longer guided by the plane 9, remains anchored, guided and fixed to the horizontal plane 18 in closing, as already mentioned, of the opening 15, see Figure 1.

- the plane, or the opposing horizontal planes 19 located on either side of the opening 15, are surmounted by the columns

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horizontal 13 that support pallet 1 (with or without car)

and separate it from the deep cavity of the parking lot. These plans are obtained at the point where the car stops to allow the driver to get in or out; the latter, for obvious safety reasons against accidents, should never enter the parking lot or even approach its opening. The plan can be single or double to allow the movement of cars accessing the parking lot,

particularly when it has only extremely limited access, and this is to avoid difficult reversing maneuvers for drivers both when entering and exiting.

This condition is especially relevant for access in small areas.

- The guardrail 20, securely fixed to the right and left of the pallet 15, is always oriented towards the impassable access opening 15, thus protecting the latter, see all figures.

- Guardrail 21, surrounding the entire entrance area and always extending beyond the roof when it is closed, serves to prevent the

20. Transit or parking for any person when the roof covers the access. As shown in Figures 3 and 11, 4 and 9, this roof 14 can be more or less extensive depending on the requirements and according to the dimensions of the access and the plans 19.

- The stop bar(s) 22, mounted on hinges and 25 forming part of the guardrail 21, permit or prevent the

9S

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car or the driver who retrieves it to access the garage. It is functional in compliance with accident prevention legislation.

In conclusion to this description, it seemed necessary and useful to list the maneuvers to be performed for the use of the parking lot whose implementation systems have just been described, as well as some accessories for its operation:

A. When he wants to retrieve his car from the parking lot, the driver, positioned outside the parking lot and at a certain distance from the roof 14 and the guardrail 21, using a key, a card or a code, starts the mobile plane 9 with the platform 8 which roll along the lateral slides 18 driven by the motor 12.

B. Plan 9 stops in front of the required pallet 1, either on the right side or the left side of the parking lot.

C. From plan 9 stationed opposite the free pallet 1, the elements equipped with electro-magnets or other coupling system of one of the two pairs of hydraulic cylinders 4 or 5, see figure 7, exit and move towards the pallet of interest.

D. When the electromagnet 7 touches the appropriate metal wall of the pallet 1, it automatically engages with the pallet and begins to move it along the columns 13 towards the platform 8, where it stops. The electromagnet 7 can be replaced by any interlocking mechanism actuated by a mechanical or hydraulic device capable of performing the aforementioned functions. This return movement

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the pallet is made by the pair of cylinders 4 or 5, as shown in Figure 8.

E. The pair of cylinders 4 or 5 stops at the end of their return stroke and a stop is engaged which establishes the position of the pallet 1 relative to the platform 8 (this stop is not shown in the figure).

F. The mobile plan starts again, powered by the chains 11 and by the geared motor 12 (or by the hydraulic cylinders) placed on the ground inside the parking lot, until it reaches the necessary position, i.e. when the pallet 1 is at the edge of the drivable plan.

G. During the ascent, the mobile plane 9 is engaged throughout its trajectory by the columns 16 guiding the cover 14 which closes the opening 15 of the parking lot.

H. The lower end sections of the columns 16 fit into the pre-positioned slots in the plan 9, and the cover 14 begins to rise, opening the entrance 15 to the parking lot. After a few seconds, the pallet 1 appears. In this position, the locking elements engage, ensuring that the moving plan 9 is locked in place so that it does not move for any length of time.

K. At the same time, roof 14, serving as a fence for entrance 15, also rises and takes position, stopping at the end of the travel of plane 9.

I. If necessary, the geared motor 10 rotates the platform 8 and with it the pallet intended to receive the duly

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oriented towards the exit.

J. When the platform 8 and the pallet 1 reach the aforementioned position, one of the pairs of cylinders 4 or bilateral telescopic forks driven by an electric or hydraulic motor, or any other system, starts and pushes the pallet onto the two horizontal columns 13 placed beyond the relevant opening and outside the parking lot; in this case the pallet 1 takes the appropriate position for loading a car (see Figure 11 where the pallet is already loaded with a car).

L. The stop bar 22 lifts up, allowing the vehicle to pass through to be parked. The vehicle enters the loading space which is located

on the rigid plane 19, this is to avoid serious inconveniences to the

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driver who, getting out of the car, would find a chasm beneath it.

The car is driven onto pallet 1, while two of its wheels enter the grooves 2 of the horizontal plane of the pallet. The car stops here, the driver pulls the brake and gets out.

N. The driver exits, passing the "22" bar and orders the closure of the bar and the parking lot.

0. The automatic silage operation of the vehicle begins, since the electromagnet 7, connected as already mentioned to the hydraulic cylinders 4 or 5 or to the forks, attaches the pallet

1, brings her closer and leads her onto platform 8.

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P. The stopping device leaves the mobile plan 9 free and the latter descends inside the parking lot_ carrying the car with it.

Q. Pallet 1 and car move to the intended position and both are pushed onto columns 13 by cylinders 4 or 5. R. Cylinders 4 or 5 retract and the car remains in its housing until it is recalled to exit the parking lot, while the moving plane 9 and the platform 8 remain stationary in the vertical passage space along which they have moved.

S. According to the parking lot organization, the mobile plane 9, having returned pallet 1 to its place, positions itself according to the planned modality and waits for a new impulse to be able to move and go where it is necessary or where it is commanded to move, or it takes a pre-established unhooking position in any point of the aforementioned vertical space.

T. When the car needs to reach the exit, if the parking lot has a second front opening in addition to the one used for the entrance, it will be able to exit through this opening without needing to reverse maneuvers to leave the plane of the pallet and exit the garage.

U. When one of the cars parked on one of the parking levels is called back by the driver to the driveway S, the driver, using the controls located at

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11 Outside the garage, outside the guardrail 21 and beyond the bar 22, controls the opening of the parking lot and the maneuvers that will return the car to the place where it can be retrieved. V. The pallet 1 loaded with the car, as already mentioned, is 5 pushed on the horizontal guides 13 and comes to rest on the turntable, by means of the electromagnet 7 and the pistons 4 or 5.

W. Plan 9 drives the car back uphill.

X. He encounters the columns again 16 and the lid 10 transforms into a roof, opening the passage 15.

Y. The car is driven onto plane 19 where it stops. Z. Bar 22 opens, the driver passes the open bar and arrives at the car.

AA. The driver gets in, starts and leaves the parking lot. 15 AB» Automatically or manually the parking lot receives the order to close, and at this point the bar 22 closes, the pallet 1 is recalled to the turntable 8, the moving plane 9 resumes its downward travel, the cover 14 closes and the moving plane 9 stops, resuming, as we have said, the position of 20 unhooked.

AC. When the driver drops off or picks up their car, they must use the door that opens on the possible side, i.e., the side with the guardrail 21, see Figures 10 and 11. If there are other passengers on board and they have not disembarked 25 before entering the aforementioned enclosure, they must also

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Exit on the same side, that is, the side with guardrail 21. This is necessary because on the opposite side is guardrail 20, connected to pallet 1, which prevents the door from being opened and, consequently, prevents passengers from passing through. This device is intentionally designed so that passengers are forced to follow this rule to avoid any risk. For this same reason, all pallets 1 are equipped with guardrails 20 where deemed appropriate and necessary.

AD. Anyone approaching or moving away from the car is obliged to keep close to guardrail 21, this being the only space that must remain narrow for the aforementioned reasons.

AE. When the parking lot has a second entrance or access ramp, this is also guarded by a second bar 22, or even by four bars, see Figures 1, 4, 9 and 10, and the car can exit freely without the need for maneuvers, because the access to the parking lot is equipped in such a way as to be able to benefit from the turntable 8 which predisposes it to take the necessary direction before being placed on one of the two rigid planes 19.

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Claims (26)

DEMANDS 1. Systems and means for handling and storing cars in automated modular parking facilities, underground or above ground, and related improvements for closing access and safeguarding the safety of people and vehicles using them, consisting of pallets 1, a movable platform 9, a turntable 8, and a pair of hydraulic cylinders 4 and 5, r of the chains 23 or of hydraulic pushers, of the horizontal support elements 13, of the cover or roof 14 guided and supported by the columns 16, of one or two horizontal planes 19, of the guardrails 20 and 21, of the bars 22, characterized by the double horizontal and cantilevered columns 13, projecting from the vertical and opposite walls S and D of the parking lot, to support and guide pallets 1 carrying the cars to the parking lot and defining the unloading box. 2. Systems and means for modular parking, according to claim 1, characterized by pallets 1 arranged to accommodate and carry on their profiled plane the vehicles to be stored, and which are guided and supported by the horizontal columns 13. 3. Systems and means for modular parking facilities, according to claims 1 and 2, characterized by the movable platform 9 which supports, guides and drives the turntable 8 by means of a motor- - 20 - i reducer 10, able to accommodate the pallets ■ 1 placed on the planes on the right D and on the left S. 4. Systems and means for modular parking according to claims 1, 2 and 3, characterized in that the turntable 8 carries, securely joined to it, two pairs of cylinders 4 and 5, necessary to carry out in the two opposite directions the movements of the pallets 1 to be driven on the columns 13 on the right and left of the parking lot. 5. Systems and means for modular parking according to claims 1, 2, 3 and 4, characterized in that all the cylinders 4 and 5 carry at their ends the electromagnets 7, or other automatic couplings, capable of driving the pallets 1 when these need to be moved away from the horizontal columns 13 and carried on the turntable 8. ... 6. Systems and means for modular parking according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, characterized in that, where appropriate, the pallets are all the same and interchangeable, and in all cases provided with a metallic or non-metallic wall to which the electromagnet 7 or any other coupling and traction device can be attached. 7. Systems and means for modular parking according to claims 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6, characterized in that the pallets 1 are equipped with cylindrical or non-cylindrical bushings 3, provided with anti-friction or self-lubricating elements, in all cases capable of guiding the pallets when they are in motion on - - - 21 - the horizontal cantilevered support elements 13. 8. Systems and means for modular parking according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the plane 8 is provided with couplings to retain the pallet 1 that it carries and 5 when it is set in motion. 9. Systems and means for modular parking according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable platform 9 is driven upwards and downwards by hydraulic systems such as pistons, or by mechanical systems such as 10 of the ropes or chains 23. 10. Systems and means for modular parking facilities according to the preceding claims, characterized in that they are constructed from welded or i-metal structures composed, or in underground 'reinforced concrete' or prefabricated structures, 15 equipped with one or more access points and obtained by digging out gardens, courtyards or near former palaces or various buildings where it is not possible to use other spaces, or when the construction of traditional parking lots is impossible or more difficult. 20 11. Systems and means for modular parking facilities according to the preceding claims, characterized by a movable plan 14 serving as a cover for the enclosure of the underground parking facility and serving as a protective roof against the weather when the parking facility is open and when 11 the opening of the latter is equipped with one or 25 two service plans 19 placed next to entrance 15. qi - 22 - 12. Systems and means for modular parking according to the preceding claims, characterized by the movable platform 14 which is supported and moved by two, three, or four columns 16 placed vertically and in turn guided by sockets 5 fixed in the floor, this movable plane 14 being driven by the movable plane 9 always acting appropriately to close and open the parking lot. 13. Systems and means for modular parking according to the preceding claims, characterized by the movable plane 14 10 capable of camouflaging the underlying parking lot by adapting to the characteristics of its environment so as not to alter its architectural features. 14. Systems and means for modular parking according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the plan or the 15 horizontal and exterior planes, made of masonry or of composite and welded metal or of any other suitable material, cover the underlying silage space and are made and positioned so as to constitute safety elements for the users of said parking lot. 20 15. Systems and means for modular parking according to the preceding claims characterized in that: - the horizontal plane or planes 19 are preferably made beyond the longer and opposite sides of the opening 15 of the parking which are always covered by the movable roof 14. 25 16. Systems and means for modular parking according to the - 23 - previous claims, characterized in that a pair of horizontal guide columns 13 slightly surmounts each plane 19 while remaining parallel to it, and this for both planes when there are two, and is always able to accommodate, guide and support 5 the pallet when it comes to be placed where the car is loaded or unloaded to be ensiled or put back on the roadable plane. 17. Systems and means for modular parking according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the plan 10 horizontal is equipped with one or two solid and robust guardrails 20 fixed to the edges of the plan, this to safeguard the safety of users moving on the plan to drop off or pick up the car from the parking lot. 18. Systems and means for modular parking according to the 15 preceding claims, characterized in that the exterior of the garage is equipped with robust and solid guardrails or parapets 21, placed where it is necessary to safeguard the safety of users. 19. Systems and means for modular parking according to the i 20 previous claims, characterized in that the guardrails 21 are provided with one or more solid and robust movable stop bars 22 which allow or prevent the entry and exit of the vehicle from the parking lot. 20. Systems and means for modular parking according to the 25 preceding claims, characterized in that said The 22 bars rise or fall according to a manual command or according to the established automatic cycle. 21. Systems and means for modular parking according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the roof 14, the bars 22, the pallet 1 are moved and controlled by instruments ensuring individual and manual or continuous handling according to an automatic cycle. 22. Systems and means for modular parking according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the roof 14 is i. moved in both directions by various means and instruments and consequently independently of the movement of the moving plane 9. 23. Systems and means for modular parking according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the entire installation is provided with a service staircase which may have several ramps with passages ensuring the possibility of emergency interventions. 24. Systems and means for modular parking according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the entire installation, with suitable sliding means, is usable in adjacent vertical silos continuously or intermittently. 25. Systems and means for modular pallet racking according to the preceding claims, characterized in that pallet movements are achieved by means of forks 25 5 10 bilateral telescopic arms controlled by an electric or hydraulic motor or a cam system or similar. previous claims, characterized in that the lifting or lowering of the pallet is achieved by means of one or more central direct pistons, of normal or telescopic type, or one or more lateral direct pistons, normal, or telescopic, or one or more pistons in a pulley system, or one or more worm gear systems. 27. Systems and means for modular parking according to the preceding claims, characterized in that the rotational movement of the vertically lifting platform on which the pallet is placed takes place at any height of the parking levels. 26. Systems and means for modular parking according to the OR! 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