Jiang et al., 2000 - Google Patents
Determination of butyltin compounds in aqueous samples by gas chromatography with flame photometric detector and headspace solid-phase microextraction after in …Jiang et al., 2000
View PDF- Document ID
- 11120640594421585272
- Author
- Jiang G
- Liu J
- Publication year
- Publication venue
- Analytical sciences
External Links
Snippet
During the past several decades, butyltin compounds have been released to the marine environment primarily through leaching from antifouling coatings on the surfaces of ships and from the cleaning and painting similar vessels. To achieve a good assessment of the …
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 CCCC[Sn] 0 title abstract description 26
Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
- G01N1/405—Concentrating samples by adsorption or absorption
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/40—Concentrating samples
- G01N1/4055—Concentrating samples by solubility techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/04—Preparation or injection of sample to be analysed
- G01N30/06—Preparation
- G01N30/08—Preparation using an enricher
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/04—Preparation or injection of sample to be analysed
- G01N30/06—Preparation
- G01N30/14—Preparation by elimination of some components
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N2030/022—Column chromatography characterised by the kind of separation mechanism
- G01N2030/025—Gas chromatography
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/90—Plate chromatography, e.g. thin layer or paper chromatography
- G01N30/94—Development
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N30/02—Column chromatography
- G01N30/88—Integrated analysis systems specially adapted therefor, not covered by a single one of the groups G01N30/04 - G01N30/86
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by the preceding groups
- G01N33/48—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by the preceding groups biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
- G01N1/04—Devices for withdrawing samples in the solid state, e.g. by cutting
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electro-chemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N30/00—Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
- G01N2030/0075—Separation due to differential desorption
- G01N2030/008—Thermal desorption
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using infra-red, visible or ultra-violet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N31/00—Investigating or analysing non-biological materials by the use of the chemical methods specified in the subgroup; Apparatus specially adapted for such methods
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| Olson et al. | Hydride generation, electrothermal vaporization and liquid chromatography as sample introduction techniques for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry | |
| Ji‐Yan et al. | Headspace solid‐phase microextraction of butyltin species in sediments and their gas chromatographic determination |