Uncle Miltie, the first TV star?

Hardly.

A case could be made instead for Jeanne Marie Belote. Or Catherine and Constance Rounds. They were seen when 3XK in Washington, D.C. began a regular, three-times-a-week schedule of programmes in July 1928.

Viewers didn’t quite see them, though. Jenkins’ “radio movies” were silhouette films, ones his station showed over and over and over again.

A bigger story that month was the Federal Radio Commission deciding to issue experimental television licenses and assign call-letters. Among them was granted to a station that remains on the air today as WNBC-TV—W2XBS. A couple may never have broadcasted at all. P.S. Lucas’ W6XBW was struck off the list by the Commission in January 1929 and W2XBT suffered the same fate in September 1929; the call letters were re-assigned to RCA.

The television item that seems to have grabbed the most attention was what amounted to a closed-circuit test. In New York, the Bell Telephone lab broadcast a golfer and a tennis player in action from a camera on the roof. Bell crowed that, not only could a television camera pick up more than someone’s head, this meant the possibility of remote broadcasts, like baseball from the Polo Grounds of a fight from Madison Square Garden. The prognosticating engineer was about ten years ahead of his time; the mechanical, disc-driven television would be obsolete when it happened.

Meanwhile, other stations were broadcasting what amounts to fax transmissions, where people could print a still picture transmitted to their home.

Below are some of the highlights for July 1928.

SUNDAY, JULY 1, 1928
TELEVISION FOR HOME WILL NOT BE READY FOR 5 YEARS
Photo Transmitting Hasn’t Been Perfected, Engineers Declare—Estimate Improvement to Radio May Be in Experimental Stage Several Years
By C. L. KERN, Radio Editor of The Star.
Although television has been acclaimed by number of radio engineers as being "just around the corner" scientists and engineers will undoubtedly spend many hours in laboratory experiments, ironing out the present difficulties encountered before this type of transmission will be practical for reception in the average home. Some authorities on the subject declare that it will be at least five years before the listener will be able to tune in on a football game or a boxing match and enjoy a grand stand view. Others predict that this will not be possible for at least ten years.
A great deal of television transmission today is being carried on in the short wave channels and has met with only a certain amount of success due to the erratic characteristics of the high frequency bands. Some talk is heard of the present stations in the broadcast bands between 200 and 530 meters utilizing their present assigned frequencies for that purpose. This is practically impossible and probably will be forbidden by the Federal radio commission when it is taken into consideration that the present system of television transmission requires modulation frequencies ranging from eight thousand to thirty thousand cycles. A station using modulation would cover approximately five of the present broadcast channels and would interfere with four other stations. This would tend to create a more congested condition than the present one confronting the commission. In view of these facts it is probable that 'the television transmissions of the future will be confined chiefly to the higher frequency bands.
Faces Are Blurred.
Up to the present time objects used in transmissions have been limited to the face of a man or woman or straight line objects. While the televisor of the receiving apparatus has produced fairly clear reproductions of straight line objects, those of the human face were in many instances blurred.
The first successful attempt was made by the General Electric Company over WGY on Jan.14, under the direction of Dr. E. F. W. Alexanderson, who is responsible for the greater part of the development of the art, and was brought in with minute reproduction. On Feb. 8, John L. Baird, London inventor, successfully harnessed the short wave bands and reproductions of the face of a man and woman were received in New York from a transmitter in London. The latter transmission, however, was not received perfectly. Baird at the present time is working on the transmission of motion pictures, accompanied by sound, and is expected to transmit them from a studio in London in September. The broadcast is expected to have a range of fifty miles.
The present transmitting apparatus employs scanning disk with a series of holes which throw a beam of light successively on to as many points of an object to be televised as are required to make a satisfactory picture. The system utilizes a forty-eight-hole disk and produces a picture made up of forty-eight rows of forty-eight dots to the square inch. In order to receive this system the receiver must be equipped with a disk of the same number of holes. The motor driving the disk of the receiver must be in absolute synchronism with the motor driving the disk of the transmitter. Unless a standard number of holes in the disks are adopted by the transmitting stations, or a new system of transmission introduced, a large amount of confusion is likely to be encountered in view of the fact that both the transmitting and receiving disk must contain the same number of holes. The possibility of an interchangeable number of disks is aid to be impossible. The Neon lamp is used in the receiver to change the electrical impulses into light rays instead of sound waves.
“Stills” Are Broadcast.
Experiments in transmission are now being carried on by WGY on its regular broadcast frequency and by WCFL of Chicago. Broadcasts of "stills," which is a reproduction of photographs and is not to be confused with television, is being put on the air by WMAC. WTMJ of Milwaukee, Wis., has been granted a license to broadcast "stills" and will begin about Aug. 1. Two daily schedules, one during daylight and the other about midnight, will be used. WGY's broadcasts are on Tuesday, Thursday and Friday afternoons. At the present time reproductions from these stations are being received largely by amateurs, who are expected to contribute much towards the perfection of the new art. While at the present only a few television kits are being offered to the experimenter, an American syndicate has taken over the American rights of the Baird television system and will offer receivers before long at a reasonable price. The Baird sets are expected to be ready for delivery in England about Sept. 1 and will cost approximately $150. The approximate cost of the American Baird set is not known at the present. (Indianapolis Star)
WEDNESDAY, JULY 4, 1928
Motion Pictures to Be Broadcasted
Through television on a wavelength of 46.7 meters the Jenkins Laboratory at Washington has announced plans for broadcasting motion pictures for amateurs in the United States and Canada. They will be sent at the rate of 15 a second containing 48 lines to the picture. The performance is to be repeated each Monday night with a different set of pictures. (various papers)

FRIDAY, JULY 6, 1928
RADIO MOVIE IS SUCCESSFUL HERE
The day of broadcasting motion pictures by radio appears to be almost at hand.
Dr. C. Francis Jenkins, prominent radio engineer and inventor of this city, announces to the public that three times a week hereafter he will exhibit a regular program of movies by radio. He is asking the cooperation of all radio amateurs in developing the new art.
Before an audience of officials and newspaper men, Dr. Jenkins last night [6] at his home, 5502 Sixteenth St., demonstrated that a process for broadcasting movies has been found and that it is only a matter of time when radio movies in the home will be as common as loud speaker jazz is today.
On a 46.72 meter wave length a silhouette broadcast from his studio 1519 Connecticut Ave., was reproduced on the screen at his home. Although blurred at times the figures generally were distinct. The blur was due to the low wave length which is designed for long distance broadcasting.
The movie showed a little girl bouncing a ball and jumping around. Dr. Jenkins announced that he will "broadcast" his radio movies at 8 p. m. on Monday, Wednesday and Friday nights.
He will show simple subjects at first, then more complex pictures and later a picture story. Each broadcast will be preceded by an announcement in code and followed by the word “end,” which will be the cue for the radio experimenters to turn the switch back to the loud speaker. (Washington Times-Herald, July 7)

SATURDAY, JULY 7, 1928
Licenses Issued for Broadcasting Pictures in Short Wave Band.
WASHINGTON, July 7.—Actual broadcasting of pictures, both "still" and moving will be undertaken by a number of investigators in various sections of the country under licenses for experimental television transmission, which have just been issued by the Federal Radio commission.
These licenses authorize television transmission by the Radio Corporation of America, New York, under the call 2XBS; Westinghouse Electric Manufacturing company, East Pittsburgh, under the call 8XAV; J. Smith Dodge, Lexington, under the call 1XAY; H. E. Smith, Beacon, N. J. under the call 2XBU; P. S. Lucas, Los Angeles, under the call 6XBW; F. L. Carter, Long Island City, N. Y., under the call 2XBT, and the Aero Products, Chicago, under the call 9XAG. These licenses are authorized to 4700 and 4900 kilocycles (63.79 to 61.79. meters). The Jenkins laboratories, Washington, also have been licensed to undertake television transmission, under the call 3XK, on 2140 and 4280 kilocycles (140.1 and 70.05 meters). The number of television transmitters will be increased in the near future upon the completion of stations by W. J. Allen at Salina, Kan., and R. B. Parrish at Los Angeles, permits for the construction of which have been granted by the commission.
The commission has written to all applicants for high frequency licenses, outlining the plan of allocation now under consideration for the short wavelengths, and asking that applicants comment on the suggestions made by Capt. S. C. Hooper, technical adviser to the commission, dealing with allocations and priorities.
It is suggested by Capt. Hooper that experimental development stations be licensed for television between 4500 and 500 kilocycles (66.63 to 58.79 meters), on five 100-kilocycle channels, one channel to be assigned to each zone for night use, and all five channels to be assigned to each zone for day use. In addition, one 100-kilocycle channel in the kilocycle band or the kilocycle band, and two 100-kilocycle channels above 23,000 kilocycles are recommended for television experimental work.
Because of the fact that the demand for short wave channels for various services exceeds the number of wave lengths available, the commission is considering the establishment of priorities based on the "interest, necessity and convenience" to the public of the different services, and it has been recommended that overseas and international relay broadcasting be given priority over the other services, to be followed, in order, by long distance broadcasting beyond reliable distance range of national broadcast network transmissions; television experimental and development work, and national relay broadcasting within the United States.
"It must be borne in mind," it is pointed out by the commission, "that high frequencies are primarily valuable due to their great carrying range, at low cost, and that they cause international interference. Therefore, they must be primarily assigned for long-distance uses when low frequencies are not practicable." (Buffalo News)

Has Television Station
Beacon, N.Y., July 7—(UP)—The Federal Radio commission has granted permission to Harold E. Smith of this city, to set up a television station on the top of Mount Beacon. The permission covers a tentative period, but if Smith is able to contribute to the advancement of the new field of radio research, the permission will be made permanent.
Smith, who constructed three broadcasting stations during the world war and has been experimenting with radio pictures, for two years, has a technical staff of three men and he stated in his application to the commission that two years ago he produced a radio facsimile using rotating brass cylinder and graphite ink.
The station is located on the very summit of Mount Beacon.

MONDAY, JULY 9, 1928
Station officials at KWJJ announce that it will probably be a month before they begin their television experiments. In the meantime Wilbur Jerman is assembling the parts and getting his short wave equipment in working order. KWJJ recently started operating on a somewhat extended schedule, using morning hours daily. (Oregon Daily Journal)

THURSDAY, JULY 12, 1928
MOVING PICTURES ARE BROADCAST
Another Step Forward Taken By Science Is Demonstrated
NEW YORK, July 13—July 13.—A figure in flannels and white sport shirt stood on the roof of the Bell Telephone Company Laboratories, 483 West street yesterday [12], and whirled a racket through all the strokes in the tennis player’s repertory. In front of the figure executing lofts and lobs was a television camera.
Three floors below, in a far comer of the building, a group of persons was gathered at the same time. There, in darkness, while Dr. Herbert E. Ives manipulated the electric controls that tuned in on the tennis player, this group watched the same lofts, the same lobs, the same forehand strokes that were being executed on the roof. Television was no longer limited to catching the mere head and shoulders of a man sitting in a radio studio. It was on its way toward carrying spectacles, panoramas and even mob scenes across miles of atmosphere.
The trick of recording the tennis player in action was accomplished by admitting sunlight to partnership with the radio. The glaring lamps that have hitherto been necessary in photographing an image to be broadcast gave way to the rays of the sun. The new device is based on the development of a photo-electric cell of great sensitivity.
"We can take this machine to Niagara, to the Polo Grounds or to the Yale Bowl," said one of the engineers of the Bell Laboratories, “and it will pick up the schene [sic] for broadcasting. The important step we have taken in this new development is that sunlight is used instead of a powerful artificial light. It will “photograph” the cataract of Niagara. We could mount the televisor camera on a platform and revolving tripod at a prize ring and broadcast the fight scene. Television has stepped out of the laboratory as far as transmission is concerned. We are no longer limited to studio work."
The television camera utilises a cloth hood in much the same fashion as the old type of ordinary camera. A lens five inches in diameter projects from an opening in the black cloth. Behind the lens and hidden by the cloth is Nipkow's disk, measuring three feet in diameter. It has fifty tiny holes along its outer rim. They measure 1-16 inch in diameter and are so arranged that no line effect is noticed on the picture at the receiving end. The disk is of aluminium, painted black, and when in operation it revolves so that each of the little light openings passes a given point eighteen times in a second. This creates 900 lines to “paint” the image. The impulses are so rapid that the lines are blended and the picture looks like a half-tone.
The great sensitivity of the new photo-electric cell is the reason why less light is required on the image. The camera will even operate on a hazy day, but clouds that shut off the sun lower the efficiency of the machine, according to the engineers.
The image is focused by moving the lens back and forth. In fact the principle is the same as that of a Kodak. In the first form of equipment demonstrated in April last year the scene illuminated by a rapidly oscillating beam from a powerful arc light. The scene to be broadcast was thus limited to a very small area. The new machine frees television from this serious limitation. The experiments yesterday showed that moving persons and objects a considerable distance away can be successfully scanned. Dr. Frank Gray was in charge of the television camera in the demonstration.
The televisor was not linked with a broadcasting station in the experiment, but was connected with the receiving apparatus by wire. It was explained by the engineers that this was merely to facilitate the demonstration. They said attachment to a broadcast transmitter could be just as easily handled. The radio-camera can be used several miles from the broadcasting station and be connected to it by land lines as are microphones that pick up music from points outside the studio.
The receiver was shrouded in darkness. One merely saw a picture about two and a half inches square of the tennis player on the roof as he jumped about and swung his racquet. The engineers, however, said there was nothing new in the receiver and that it was the same as demonstrated a year ago. They pointed out that the main new development was the elimination of the glaring "electrical eyes" and the substitution of sunlight at the transmitting end.
“It is merely a step forward," said an engineer. "It does not mean that television will be ready for use in every home equipped with radio tomorrow. The equipment is too elaborate for home use. It requires experts to operate the instruments, although part of the receiving station is an ordinary radio receiving set. We hope to make the pictures larger. We hope to have television so that it can be used in a living room without having it darkened. Perhaps some day we will flash the images on a screen like the movies but when that will be we cannot say.” (Meridien, Conn. Daily Journal)
SIGN TELEVISION ART FOR SPOKANE
Will Send Stills in 30 Seconds to Those Properly Equipped.
Television is coming to Spokane.
Radio station KHQ has ordered and will install a Cooley photo transmitter shortly before Christmas, according to an announcement made today by Louis Wasmer, owner.
First In West.
KHQ will be the first station west of Chicago to install a photo transmitting set, Mr. Wasmer stated. The type of set ordered is the very latest, equipped to broadcast pictures on the regular wave channels between 200 and 600 meters.
"The apparatus, the only successful type of photo transmitter to work on the general broadcast wave lengths between 200 and 600 meters, should reach here about September 15 or 20," said Mr. Wasmer today. "Other types of photo transmitters are successful on low wave bands only. Once we get under way, we hope to transmit to listeners two combined photo and musical programs each week, each probably from 30 minutes to an hour in length.
"While the details of the apparatus have not all been explained, I do know that New York stations now transmitting photographs declare the machine a wonderful success. The photos sent out radio impulse will be 'stills' and it will require about 30 seconds to send out and record on the receiving screen a perfect reproduction of the photo. The picture will remain on receiving screen just as long as the transmitting operator wishes.
"The apparatus will allow the transmission of local photos and still pictures of the person speaking in the transmitter, the impression being recorded when the subject sits in front of a mirror." (Spokane Chronicle)

FRIDAY, JULY 13, 1928
KSTP Plans Broadcast of Pictures on Monday
Broadcasting of radio pictures, showing news events and studio scenes incident to radio entertainment programs, will start Monday [16] over station KSTP, [in the Hotel Radisson,] St. Paul, it was announced Thursday by Lytton J. Shields, president of the station. The broadcasting apparatus now is being installed. The programs will be given on Mondays and Fridays at 8 p. m. and on Saturdays at 1:15 p. m.
The station will start this fall the broadcasting of important events, such as prize fights, football games and other similar activities. The broadcasting frequency is 1,360 kilocycles and a convertor makes 800 light impressions per second, resulting in a picture of considerable detail at a size of four by give inches. (Minneapolis Tribune)

KGB TO INSTALL TELEVISION
New Equipment Here In 30 Days
TELEVISION apparatus has been ordered by radio station KGB and within 30 days San Diegans will be able to see their favorite entertainers as they perform, according to George Bowles, manager of the station.
The new equipment will be installed in the KGB’s new studio in the Pickwick Terminal Hotel building, which will be formally opened Monday night [16].
Four stations in the west and one station in Chicago have broadcast successfully with television apparatus, Bowles said today, but the equipment ordered for KGB will be the first installed in the west. Television broadcasts require special receiving sets, but according to Bowles, these sets are priced within reach of most families now.
Bowles received a telegram from Rep. Phil Swing today in which Swing announced he would be present for the opening of the station Monday night. (San Diego Sun)

SUNDAY, JULY 15, 1928
Image Quite Clear In Television Test
Television images broadcast by WGY from Schenectady, N. Y., on the 380-meter wave length are being intercepted in New Jersey by a research engineer of the General Electric Company. He said the images were quite clear and were about one inch square. Television, he added, seems now to be a matter of weeks, not months.
"The entire television attachment to the standard radio set, which made it possible to receive a practically perfect picture, was small enough to be held in the two cupped hands," said the engineer. "It was made possible by one of the latest neon television lamps, which will operate from the output of a broadcast receiver, as only small currents are needed for its operation."
Intermittent television broadcasts were begun by WGY a few weeks ago, but pleas from amateurs and experimenters were so numerous that the station authorities decided upon a regular television schedule on the 380- meter wave. Television impulses are now scheduled for transmission by WGY on Tuesdays, Thursdays and Fridays between 1:30 and 2 p. m. Eastern daylight saving time. Among the stations in the East engaged in television work are: WLEX of Lexington, and WRNY of New York, the latter of which is preparing to go on the air within a few days with a regular schedule. (San Francisco Examiner)

TELEVISION SCHEDULE
WCFL and WLEX Continue With Picture Experiments.
The broadcasting of suitable television programs, which must always be the foundation of television progress, is now at hand, at least in a few favored localities Certain stations have been licensed for experimental television transmission the frequency band of 4.700 to 4,900 kilocycles. WCFL of Chicago has been granted a license to transmit television signals on short waves, while WLEX of Lexington, been granted similar license under the call letters 1-XAY. The latter station will be on the air regularly around 10 o'clock.
Following in the wake of the transmission experiments, number of reliable radio companies are about to introduce satisfactory kits for the reception of television signals. (Brooklyn Daily Times)
FRIDAY, JULY 20, 1928
RADIO BOARD ISSUES TELEVISION GRANTS
Memphis Gets Permit for Picture Transmission.
WASHINGTON, July 20.—(AP)—The Federal Radio Commission took its first decisive step in recognition of the potential value of television today when it issued licenses to two transmitters and construction permits to seven others for development and experimentation in the work of sending pictures through the air.
The operating licenses, assigned to the Jenkins Laboratories, Washington, D. C. and J. Smith Dodge, Lexington, Mass., were issued for the period of one year, "subject to revocation unless the applicant makes satisfactory progress in the work and full use of the band."
Within this period the commission expects to determine whether such use is in the public interest or whether the channels should be diverted to others who have petitioned for several years for more positions in the short wave or high frequency spectrum.
Dodge's transmitter was given the call signal 1XAY, to be operated on a 4,800 to 4,900 kilocycle band, wave length of 62.5 to 61.22 meters and 500 watts power. The Jenkins Laboratory was assigned the signal 3XK, to be operated on 4,900 to 5,000 kilocycles, wave length 61.22 to 60, and 5,000 watts.
The Radio Corporation of America was awarded construction permits for three transmitters, one stable and one portable set at New York City, and for another portable outfit at Bound Brook, N. J.
These were assigned the respective call signals 2XBV, 2XBS and 2XBW, with 4,500 to 4,600, 4,600 to 4,700 and 15,100 to 15,200 kilocycles; 66.67 to 65.22, 65.22 to 63.83 and 19,868 to 19,737 meters wave length, and a uniform power of 5,000 watts.
The Westinghouse Electric Manufacturing Co. call signal 8XI was assigned to share time with 2XEW. This station was assigned the same frequency but authorized to use 20,000 watts power on a wave length from 63.83 to 62.5 meters. Harold E. Smith, Beacon, N. Y., was assigned call signal 2BXU, to share the facilities set aside for Dodge with 100 watts of power.
Other assignments for construction were WREC, Inc., Memphis, signal 4XA, wave length 125 to 120 meters, 2,400 to 2,500 kilocycles, 5,000 watts, and Robert B. Parrish, Los Angeles, signal 6XC, wave 66.67 to 65.22 meters, 4,500 to 4,600 kilocycles and 15,000 watts. Parrish, signal 6XC, 66.67 to 65.22 meters, 4,500 to 4,600 kilocycles and 15,000 watts.

TO SEND “AIR PICTURES”
Equipment will shortly be installed at station KGFJ, Los Angeles, for the transmission of radio pictures. While the station admits that television is not ready for the public, it classes itself as an experimenter and hopes to assist in making this feature practical. (Meridien Conn. Daily Journal)

SATURDAY, JULY 21, 1928
Television Radio Set Is Installed
ARTESIA, July 21—E. M. Corcoran of Artesia, radio dealer, has what is believed to be the first tax receipt issued on a radio set to Los Angeles County. He also has received the first television receiving set in this section and will operate it as soon as the television broadcasting is started from Los Angeles next week. (Long Beach Press-Telegram)

SUNDAY, JULY 22, 1928
RADIO TELEVISION SPANS CONTINENT Los Angeles Apparatus Picks Up Image From New York Station.
LOS ANGELES, July 23. (AP)—Radio television last night [22] spanned the continent.
In Los Angeles a small group saw by radio the image of a smooth-shaven man as he sat before the transmitting apparatus in Schenectady, N. Y., 3000 miles away.
The experimenters who achieved success in a large part in the long distance television reception were Kenneth G. Ormiston, veteran radio engineer, and Gilbert Lee, manufacturer.
Hill Top Studio.
The experiments were conducted In Lee's on a hill top here which he had selected because of its excellent position for radio reception. The two had working several quietly on their distance television experiments weeks in Lee's workshop. They had made preparations for their supreme test last night and at 6:15 o'clock, Pacific coast time, when WGY, the broadcasting station of the General Electric Company at Schenectady, broadcast its 15-minute television program, they were ready.
The image was received on a revolving disk behind which was a light. Through a series of perforations in the spinning disk a small square screen took form. Upon the miniature screen of light appeared the image of the head of a man wearing a soft hat.
Two Problems Yet.
The experimenters said two problems remain to be solved—one the overcoming of the problem of "fading" of signals at the broadcasting station and the other the perfecting of the motor speed, which twirls the "scanning disk" to synchronize with of the similar disc at Schenectady.
The two engineers however, said they were sure these difficulties would be conquered if the Schenectady television experts will conduct longer periods of experimentation and at a later hour at night when receptive qualities will be more suitable.

SATURDAY, JULY 28, 1928
Photographs Through Air Unlike Television
By C. E. BUTTERFIELD
(Associated Press Radio Editor)
New York—(AP)—Radio is delivering legible photographs to its great family of followers.
Not occasionally, but every evening, stations in various sections of the country are broadcasting pictures on regular schedules making them available to all who possess sets for their recording.
Unlike television, which in its present highly experimental stage still has many problems to overcome, radio picture reproduction has reached the point where home reception is as easy as making a phonographic record of a sound broadcast.
Picture Recorder
The home constructor may build a picture recorder, tune in on a station and in three minutes after the photograph starts know what has been sent out. It is necessary only to have a signal fairly free from noise and strong enough to operate a loudspeaker comfortably.
The fan’s footsteps have been guided toward this new field by Austin Cooley, inventor of the Rayfoto system, which depends upon an electric discharge known as “the corona” to expose the photographic paper, line for line.
In receiving pictures, an ordinary broadcast set, preferably one using direct current tubes, is required. It passes the signal to a three-tube picture amplifier, which in turn is coupled to a recording drum. The drum is so constructed that it fits onto the driving shaft of a phonograph motor, upon which it depends for power. It is kept in synchronization with the transmitter by an impulse sent out as part of the picture signal.
While an AC receiver may be used, the 60 cycle ripples that are always present will be recorded as waves on the picture. Only direct current tubes should be employed in the recorder circuit, and the plate supply obtained from batteries. However, some eliminators will function satisfactory. Others produce too much ripple.
In the recorder circuit one tube amplifies the picture signal. Another filters and amplifies the synchronizing signal, while the third generates a high frequency current which is combined with the signal and is sprayed on the photographic paper in the form of a corona discharge. In the Cooley transmission an 800-cycle note is used for the picture and a 1500-cycle note for synchronization.

STATIONS BROADCASTING PHOTOGRAPHS
Regular picture schedules are being maintained by the following stations in the broadcast band:
WMCA—New York; WTMJ, Milwaukee, Wis.; WDEL—Wilmington, Del.; WOKO—Peekskill, N. Y.; KMOX—St Louis; WFI—Philadelphia.
In addition, these stations have arranged to begin photograph transmission soon:
KSTP—St Paul; CKNC—Toronto; CJRM—[Moose Jaw,] Saskatchewan.
MONDAY, JULY 30, 1928
WHK Asks License for Television
WASHINGTON, July 30.—Application of the Radio Air Service Corp. of Cleveland, operating station WHK, for renewal of its experimental license 8XF, was received today by the Federal Radio Commission.
The application states the desire of the applicant to further development of short wave transmission and re-broadcasting, especially of television, on which it is just starting experiments. The corporation asks permission to continue operation on its present frequency of 4,540 kilocycles or 66.04 meters, with a power of 500 watts.
It is understood that there will be no difficulty in securing renewal of the experimental license, but that the corporation cannot be granted a license to transmit television on a frequency used for other work. This is because special bands have been set aside for picture experiments. (Cleveland Plain Dealer, July 31)

There wasn’t much to see on television in mid-1928, but that wasn’t the point. It was the hunt for a signal that was the main thing.

Television took a leap on May 11, 1928 when WGY, the General Electric Radio station in Pittsburgh, began a regular schedule of telecasts. The station switched from sound to picture broadcasts for a half hour, three times a week. You might see someone’s head and not much more. It transmitted at 24 scanning lines, 20 times a second, so the picture wouldn’t have been very clear even in the best conditions.

Others were experimenting, too, including C. Francis (Frank) Jenkins in Washington with his silhouette pictures, WCFL in Chicago, WLEX outside Boston, and Hugo Gernsback’s WRNY radio station with a transmitter in New Jersey. There was a huge to-do about a station in Yonkers but the idea never panned out; it doesn't appear the backers applied for a license from the Radio Commission, which was wrestling with finding appropriate frequencies for visual broadcasting. And Harold E. Smith's W2XBU was given permission by the Commission to go ahead.

This spot on the internet is going to devote its space for the next number of months on those formative years, from mid-1928 through to 1929 (1930 and onward is elsewhere on this blog).

Some stations experimented with sending pictures, but the transmissions were more like sending faxes. Still, at times it was being called “television” to the annoyance of purists. WMCA in New York and WTMJ in Milwaukee were in this category.

This post gives a roundup of highlights in television in June 1928, with a brief look at May.

THURSDAY, MAY 10, 1928
Regular Television Broadcasts Announced
NEW YORK, May 10.—The General Electric Company tomorrow afternoon will start a regular schedule of television broadcasting for the benefit of experimenters and amateurs who have constructed television sets.. Between 1:30 and 2 o’clock tomorrow, Eastern daylight time, the General Electric will broadcast a television program over WGY from the laboratories at Schenectady. Hereafter on Tuesday, Thursday and Friday afternoons at the same time WGY will broadcast for television sets.
Faces of men talking, laughing or smoking will be broadcast tomorrow. No elaborate television effects will be attempted in the near future.
WGY broadcast a few moments of television tonight so that listeners might recognize the peculiar sounds of such action by radio. The signal is an intermittent, high-pitched whirring sound, the pitch varying with the action before the transmitter. (Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, May 11)

SUNDAY, MAY 13, 1928
A series of radio television demonstrations for the public is to begin about June 10 over the 326-meter wave length of WRNY, according to an announcement yesterday [13] by the inventor, Theodore H. Nakken, President of the Nakken Television Corporation of Brooklyn, a recently formed subsidiary of the Pilot Electric Manufacturing Company. The first tests of the televisor transmitter and receiver, designed for use on the channels of the speech and music broadcaster, are to begin late this week in Brooklyn. Laboratory tests will be followed immediately by tests over greater distances using WRNY, Mr. Nakken said. The first public exhibition is scheduled to be held in Hotel Roosevelt early next month.
The televisor transmitter will be linked with the WRNY control apparatus in the Roosevelt and electrical impulses corresponding to the object or face before the instrument will be sent, over a wire to the WRNY broadcaster at Coytesville, N. J. From that point the radio waves will carry the image back to the Roosevelt to operate the televisor receiver, said Mr. Nakken.
“My object is television which can be employed by every broadcasting station under present conditions, namely, the ten kilocycle variety of television, rather than television which requires a much wider channel,” he continued. “The wider or more perfect television might be better to look at, but there is no available radio band at present for its application because the channels are already crowded.”
Mr. Nakken said his machine is to work on the principle of more perfect individual images or “scannings” but only ten of them per second. The one drawback will be a slight flicker as one image passes off the screen and the next begins, but this must be accepted as one of the limitations due to the impossibility of obtaining a wider television band under the present overcrowded condition of the radio waves, he asserted. One of the limitations of “ten kilocycle” television is said to be the impossibility of transmitting very rapid motion. (New York Times, May 14)

WEDNESDAY, MAY 16, 1928
Within a month WRNY will begin a regular television service, Theodore Nakken, inventor, announced in a talk from that station last evening [16]. He warned enthusiasts, however, against the belief that public events, such as parades or baseball games, would be televisioned in the near future. This will not be possible unless some radical improvements are made in existing devices, he said. (Ben Gross, Daily News, May 17)

SUNDAY, MAY 20, 1928
IS TELEVISION HERE?
Present views of leaders in the radio industry on the subject of television are given in a symposium recently printed in the New York Times. The persons interviewed are eminently qualified to place television in its true light. Their statements are authoritative. Here are a few excerpts from their recently expressed views:
"We are not now manufacturing television apparatus for the home, because, frankly, we do not yet know how to make a simplified and low-priced television receiver practicable for home use. Nevertheless, I firmly believe that within the next few years such equipment and service will be developed and made available to the home.”—David Sarnoff, vice president and general manager, Radio Corporation of America.
"Radio vision of moving objects is already an achievement of several laboratories and eventually will be available for the home. But between the scientific accomplishment and the widespread commercial application of television the steps involved seem at present so complex that even the most rapid development of the art can hardly promise satisfactory television service before two or three years at least."—O. H. Caldwell, Federal radio commissioner. “The practicality of television by means of radio has been demonstrated, and it offers a field for future scientific and commercial development,”—M. P. Rice, General Electric Company. "There is no doubt that the development of television will go forward and that eventually television will be commercially used."—Dr. J. H. Dellinger, United States Bureau of Standards.
"While marvelous tests have been accomplished in television it should be understood that these are only experiments. I hold a considerable measure of doubt as to whether television will for many years to come be a matter of popular appeal in American homes.”—L. S. Baker, National Association of Broadcasters.
“Any reasonable-minded man is warranted in predicting that television will come, but let the public know the facts: It is not here now nor anywhere near it."—R. M. Klein, general manager Fada Radio. “I am willing to go on record to the effect that practical, commercial, reasonably priced television equipment for the home will not be on the market within five years, and very likely not within 25 years.”—Dr. Lee de Forest.
"In my opinion prospective radio buyers who postpone their purchases until such a time as television is a practical accomplishment will, unquestionably, deny themselves at least several years of splendid radio entertainment."—Sam Picard, Federal radio commissioner. (Boston Globe)

WEDNESDAY, MAY 23, 1928
Radio Pictures Broadcast, Picked Up by Amateurs
WMCA Puts On Co-ordination of Photographs and Talk
In the first co-ordination of radio entertainment and photographic transmission, pictures of Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh, an episode in the last Tunney-Demsep [sic] fight and the group that gave the program, were broadcast by Station WMCA, New York, last night [23].
The pictures were transmitted by the Rayfoto system, developed by Austin G. Coley, and formed an integral part of a special radio program presented by a group of artists and speakers.
Several amateur operators, including Presley Astin, of 62 West Thirty-ninth Street, were successful in receiving the pictures. Future combinations of sound and picture broadcasting are to be presented by Station WMCA on a regular schedule for a number of weeks. (New York Herald Tribune, May 24)
FRIDAY, MAY 25, 1928
Shortage of Radio Channels Seen as Television Obstacle
WASHINGTON, May 27—(AP)— If radio vision is to be made available, like radio sound is today, allocation experts foresee a new problem in finding sufficient space for television channels in the dwindling broadcast spectrum.
For adequate television service of permanent interest to the public the allocation of bands 100 kilocycles wide is essential, Dr. Alfred Goldsmith, chief broadcast engineer of the Radio Corporation of America, told the federal radio commission [on May 14]. A 100-kilocycle band today will afford 10 telegraph or 10 telephone channel and with the perfection of transmitting apparatus soon will accommodate 20 channels. Capt. S. C. Hooper, naval radio engineer, says: “Dr. Goldsmith says that a band width of five kilocycles is required for a 24-line picture, 20 kilocycles for a 48-line picture and 80 kilocycles for a 96-line picture.
“When it is considered that even fairly crude newspaper halftone illustrations have from 150 to 300 lines it will be appreciated that pictures of continuing interest to ‘lookers-in’ will required at least 100 kilocycle bands,” he said.
“Even this will suffice merely for showing action of two or three figures clearly with a certain amount of background detail.”
Dr. Goldsmith has requested assignment of 20 channels, 100 cycles wide, in the frequencies ranging from 1525 to 17,150 kilocycles for experimental work in television broadcasting.

SUNDAY, MAY 27, 1928
WANT SHORT WAVES FOR TELEVISION
RCA Asks 20 Channels for Experiments
Recent bearings of the Federal Radio Commission on the a1location of trans-oceanic short wave channels indicate that television, although not here now, may be reasonably expected as a future development of broadcasting. This fact was brought out by Alfred N. Goldsmith, chief broadcast engineer of the Radio Corporation of America, who has applied for 20 television frequencies in the following wave band: Between 75 and 196.7 meters for urban service; 45.11 and 73.17 meters for suburban and rural service, and 17.49 and 35.39 metera for international service. Each frequency would be about 100 kilocycles wide, or some five times the width of the ordinary radio telegraph channel.
“Intensive development work of a experimental nature has already been carried on and transmission of television material is at hand through confidential experiments and transmissions carried on at Schenectady, Pittsburgh and New York. In other words, television is not a vague and remote project, but, while still experimental, is an imminent and plausible probability. Indeed, a fair parallel is to compare television in its present state of development with ordinary broadcasting in its condition in 1921. The wise policy of the Government which encouraged the development of broadcasting in 1921, if similarly applied to television at the present time, will lead to a tremendous and desirable growth of that art as a service to the public,” Dr Goldsmith declared.
Want Short Waves for Experiments
“The granting of experimental licenses on the various recommended television broadcasting channels will encourage a rapid development of this new art and its corresponding coordination with broadcasting, which will lead to the provision of a completely satisfactory and hitherto unobtainable radio sight-and-sound service to the peop1e of the United States and even of the entire world.
“To develop the three basic types of television broadcasting requires permission from the Federal Radio Commission to explore experimentally the television transmitting capabilities of a considerable number of 100-kilocycle bands between 1500 and approximately 17,000 kilocycles 199-9 and 17.7 meters). We know very little of the television transmission capability of these bands and we shall never determine how to utilize them effectively for the entertainment and instruct1on of the public by television unless encouragement is given those planning to develop the art, through authorization experimentally to transmit television material on such wavelengths and to determine conclusively the sort of service given in urban, suburban and rural and international television services, on eaoh of these bands.” (Boston Globe)

SATURDAY, JUNE 2, 1928
Improved Television Sought As Scientists Work Overtime
BY C. E. BUTTERFIELD
NEW YORK, June 2. (AP)—The world is moving toward television—how fast only time will determine.
Much must be learned and done before this newest form of radio art can be brought into step with sound broadcasting. Yet scientists are working long hours in an effort to perfect the radio moving picture, aided to a certain extent by amateur experimenters.
One of the latest forward steps was the announcement of actual television broadcasts by WGY, Schenectady, on a wavelength of 379.5 meters. These broadcasts are be made each Tuesday, Thursday and Friday at 12:30 Eastern time. Whether visual transmission will become as popular, almost overnight as did sound broadcasting depends largely upon the product delivered to the "seer." In the early days of radio the music that came from the receiver did not compare at all favorably with the output of modern apparatus.
A similar situation now prevails in television. The movies transmitted are crude, scientists admit.
Like other forms of radio, the amateur is taking an active interest in television. At every opportunity he is contributing his small part toward the ultimate result. Parts may be available within a short time for the home experimenter, and if he takes to moving picture transmission as he did to sound broadcast the day that television is as much of an actuality as music from the air may be much closer than present developments seem to indicate. The radio movie now is not much more than a silhouet. But subjects are recognizable, even where the pictures have been sent across the Atlantic. Improvements are expected by which it is hoped that the results will be more lifelike even than an ordinary photograph.
While the picture transmitting apparatus is somewhat complicated, the receiver comparatively simple. It generally is attached to an ordinary sound set. It contains receiving tubes and a light tube which changes the electrical impulses into light rather than sound.
Scientists are spending long hours in laboratories in attempting to overcome obstacles.
Prominent among them are three men who see great possibilities for the radio movies.
It is Dr. E. F. W. Alexanderson's apparatus, which is being used in the WGY experiments. These broadcasts may be up on any television receiver, but are being made primarily to aid engineers in advancing the art. Dr. Alexanderson, whose contributions to radio date back several years, has developed a televisor that produces fairly legible pictures.
At Washington, C. Francis Jenkins, another radio picture pioneer, does not hesitate to predict that television will be available in some form by Christmas through an inexpensive receiver. Like other television sets, his reproducer takes the place of the loud speaker in the sound receiver.
Another investigator, John L. Baird, is the most active of the scientists abroad. Pictures from his transmitter have been sent from London and picked up on this side of the Atlantic, In connection with Baird's work, recent announcement was made that an American company had been formed to make television equipment available for amateur use. The backers said they hoped to broadcast pictures through a chain of stations.
Television should not be confused with telephoto, which deals only with photographs or "stills." The same problems do not enter into this method of light transmission. The time element there is not so important, although a single cabinet size photograph has been sent over the air in 90 seconds. In radio movies at least 16 complete pictures must be sent per second to give a recognizable result.
TUESDAY, JUNE 5, 1928
First Television State In U.S. To Be Built Here; Syndicate Asks City Permit
Two Huge Towers To Be Built Atop Proctor’s
America first large television station, capable of broadcasting and receiving across continents and oceans to and from far corners of the world, will be located in Yonkers if city authorities act favorably on an application for a building permit for two tall towers atop Proctor's Theatre Building.
With the revelation today, it also was disclosed that research work has been going on quietly on the Proctor roof for more than a year, and tests also have been made at the Water Tower atop Nodine Hill, and at a point along the Palisades opposite Dyckman Street.
Herbert Z. Fokress of 141 Caryl Avenue, representative of a syndicate of American millionaires, recently acquired the American rights for the English television invention for his company on a trip to London, and on his return admitted the possibility of location of the company's station in this city.
Tests Now Under Way
Today's revelation, however, show that the syndicate had a staff of three government licensed operators conducting research work in eight-hour shifts for a period of about six months, with an expensive sending and receiving apparatus housed on the roof of Proctor's which, as a result of the thorough tests, has been chosen as the best location of the proposed station. The Tahiti Island in the Pacific, Australia and other far-away point were communicated with in the tests, it was learned.
These operations were dlscontinued a month ago after negotiations had been started with Building Inspector James W. Armstrong.
The request to Mr. Armstrong for a permit discloses that two ornamental steel towers will shoot into the air to height of 100 feet, the cost of erecting the station being approximately $75,000.
While Mr. Armstrong has not made any decision on the project he has informed agents of the television syndicate that the plans are all right as far as the apparent sole restriction contained In the building code is concerned. That restriction concerns the area of the base of towers.
No Bar in City Laws
What apparently is keeping the the decision in abeyance is uncertainty as to whether the plan is in conflict with other building or zoning regulations, and it is said officials so far have been unable to find anything under the law governing erection of roof towers for such us a involved in the television station.
Under the company's plane, the Yonkers broadcasting towers would be a remote control station, operated from New York City, with all pictures and other transmissions passing through the station.
So far as is known, no tieup has yet been made or broached for use of television service in the theatre. More than a year ago, it was learned agents of the syndicate obtained, permission to use the Proctor roof for their experiment. The Water Tower had been disapproved because of expense involved in installing necessary electrical power, and the Palisades site also failed to meet the favor of the experts. At the conclusion of their tests, however, they reported the Proctor roof as ideal for the television station.
Tests Here Cover World
A network of wireless experts was thrown over the world for the tests, apparently, and communications were established in code. Atmospheric conditions, climate and other technical conditions were found favorable. Then tests were made to determine whether the station would cause interference with radio receiving sets in Yonkers, and the experts are said to have reported this had been eliminated after many adjustments. They also are said to have eliminated interference of the constant flashing and clicking in the penthouse stop the Proctor building, where the two 50-horsepower elevator motors are located.
Remote Control Necessary
The purpose of locating remote control station in Yonkers instead of the station itself in New York is of the interference in the latter city caused by the numerous radio stations.
One of the Proctor would extend 100 feet into the air from the front roof. The other would be on the lower rear roof, but would be taller, to reach the same height as its companion.
The theatre building itself Is 102 feet high, and the area of its site is 27,720 square feet. The plans for the towers are said to call for bases of 256 feet apiece, so that they would be well within the limit set the building code of 10 per cent of the lot area.
The company planning the station is to be known as the Baird American Television Company, Inc., Board being the name of the English inventor. According to Mr. Pokress, financing of the company involves “many millions” of dollars. In the syndicate he represents, he said, are, among others, Charles Izanstark of Chicago, Nathan Feldstern of Philadelphia, president of the American Radio Stores Corporation and Raymond Rosen of Philadelphia. A month ago Mr. Pokress said it was hoped to have the station erected and ready for operation in 60 days.
He said the company plans to retail television sets for use by amateurs, who, he said, will not require licenses. (Yonkers Statesmen)

THURSDAY, JUNE 7, 1928
WCFL Is First to Employ Television
Chicago, Ill., June 7 (U.P.).—The Chicago Federation of Labor radio station, WCFL, will blaze the trail in television broadcasting on Friday, June 15, according to Ed Nockels, secretary of the Chicago Federation. George Schoenberg, radio engineer, selected WCFL, located on a navy pier, as the only Chicago station adapted to this new form of broadcast. Equipment is being installed in preparation for the experiment.

FRIDAY, JUNE 8, 1928
GREEN BUILDING PERMIT ISSUED
Permit for a new building on Star island to house additional operators and other employes of Col. E. H. R. Green, who announced recently that be will make Miami Beach headquarters for his television experiments, has been issued to John B. Orr, Colonel Green’s contractor. The building will be erected immediately, at an estimated cost of $34,000.
The experiments which are expected to be started early next fall, will be made in conjunction with the work of Colonel Green's laboratories and radio broadcasting station at Round Hills, South Dartmouth, Mass., now being operated by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
An attempt will be made to send north by radio special motion pictures of Miami Beach. (Miami News)

TUESDAY, JUNE 12, 1928
CHICAGO RADIO USED TO BROADCAST PHOTO
Chicago, June 12 (AP)—The first demonstration of Chicago-made television apparatus was given today at radio station WCFL.
The demonstration marked the successful development of a device which its inventors claim to be more readily adaptable to the average radio receiver than the equipment already in use. It was designed by M. L. Hayes and U. A. Sanabria of Chicago.
Application to transmit pictures over a 195-meter wave has been made to the federal radio commission.

WEDNESDAY, JUNE 13, 1928
STATIC ELIMINATED. RADIO MEN BELIEVE
But Television Still Remote, Expert at Trade Conference Declares.
By OWEN L. SCOTT.
[Freelance newspaper writer]
CHICAGO, June 13.—Static is being licked, eliminating one of the biggest handicaps of radio, but television, regarded by many as the next step forward in the industry, is remote as a practical proposition.
This about sums up the situation confronting the radio trade gathered here for its annual show of advance models. Displays indicate that the industry has taken a big step forward within the past year from an engineering standpoint—with the trend toward all-electrical sets, simple to operate, compact in form and just about fool-proof.
Just one demonstration of television is to be seen. It is not particularly convincing in its practical aspects as a luxury for the home. H. B. Richmond, director of the engineering division of the Radio Manufacturers' association and for 20 years an expert in radio engineering, believes that the television development still is a long way off, except as an experimental move. [...]
"Television has received a good deal publicity than its practical aspects seem to warrant. The sending of individual pictures by wire or radio is entirely different. That is very practical, but television is much more complicated and, except from an experimental engineering standpoint, has little practical interest.
“The image you see now is only about one and one-half inches square and cannot even include an entire person. To enlarge is requires a great deal of equipment. The result is expensive and unsatisfactory from the standpoint of the average person."

FRIDAY, JUNE 15, 1928
Try Television on 40 Kilocycle Band
Experiments in Preparation for Establishing Television for Radio Audience Made
WASHINGTON, June 16.—(AP)—Successful experiments preparatory to the establishment of television service for its radio audience have been conducted by Station WLEX, Boston, John Stewart, manager, has informed the Federal Radio Commission.
The experiments have involved the use of 48 scanning lines repeated 18 times per second In transmitting pictures. This takes a band 40 kilocycles wide in the short wave spectrum. Mr. Stewart told the commission it was possible to transmit television on a 10 kilocycle band by using 24 scanning lines repeated 20 times per second. This method, however, necessitates the loss of the higher frequencies with a considerable loss of detail, he declares.
Mr. Alfred Goldsmith, chief engineer of the Radio Corporation of America, recently told the commission that channels 100 kilocycles wide are needed for adequate television service.
Forty or so meters are the logical wavelengths for television, Mr. Stewart said. The WLEX television transmitter is keyed for 40 meters. This can be changed but the short waves are necessary for successful picture transmission, he asserts. WLEX has not been on the air with its television signal but has conducted its tests through monitoring the signal.

SATURDAY, JUNE 16, 1928
Television Set Will Be Put in Here
WILBUR JERMAN, technical manager of radio station KWJJ, announced yesterday [16] that within two months the station will begin installation of television equipment for broadcast of small pictures on a wavelength of 54 meters.
Jerman's experimental license, 7XAO, for operation on 54 meters, will be used for the broadcast. This being the only experimental license of the kind in the Northwest, several requests have been made of the owner for television experiments.
In response, Jerman promises two broadcasts of one half hour each week. Musical accompaniments will be undertaken by KWJJ [W7XAO] on 250 meters.
Considerable revision and construction of equipment will be made within the construction period, the technician said.
In recent issues of the radio magazine, QST, designs have been shown of a comparatively simple television hookup. Recently an Eastern concern announced moderately priced television sets which are adaptable to ordinary broadcast receiving sets. The report indicated that the machines would be moderately priced.
“The system of transmitting and receiving the small pictures, not more than an inch square, is simple," Jerman says. “In short wave reception of pictures a three-tube regenerative short wave receiver is used, and in place of a loud speaker is used a neon tube, and in front of this tube is a screening disc in synchronism with the disc at the station. Just ahead of the disc is one-inch window in which the image appears.
"In a few weeks I will be able to give more details as to equipment and Installation." (Oregon Journal, June 17)

TUESDAY, JUNE 19, 1928
WCFL MAKES SUCCESSFUL BROADCAST OF TELEVISION
CHICAGO, June 19—(AP)—A successful broadcast of voice and television at the same time was made tonight over station WCFL, the Chicago Federation of Labor, in an experiment under a special permit issued by Samuel Pickard, the Federal Radio Commissioner.
A view of the head and shoulders of E. N. Nockels, secretary of the Chicago federation, was broadcast with his voice and received by the inventors of the process, M.J. Hayes and Ulysses Znarbria [sic], over their receiving apparatus located several miles away from Navy Pier, where WCFL maintains its station.
Officials of WCFL said they would seek permission now for a permanent license to broadcast television.

SATURDAY, JUNE 23, 1928
BROADCAST OF MOVIES HERE JULY 2
Prof. Jenkins Announces the Bginning [sic] of Regular Program in Capital.
Washington, June 24.—A program of motion pictures will be broadcast from the Jenkins’ Laboratory, 1519 Connecticut avenue northwest, July 2, at 8 o'clock. The program will last for an hour and will be sent through television on a wavelength of 46.7 meters, which will enable amateurs in the United States and Canada to pick it up. The pictures will be broadcast at the rate of 15 a second and will contain 48 lines to the picture.
The performance will be repeated each Monday night with a different set of pictures. As the demand grows, the number of performances a week will be increased to three. For a time, the moving pictures will depict only simple action. Later, those with plots will be used.
During the past three weeks, the moving pictures to be shown July 2 have been broadcast a number of times between the laboratory and the home of Prof. C. Francis Jenkins, 5502 Sixteenth street northwest, where they were witnessed by private audiences. The reception was said to have been entirely satisfactory.
Gens [Jeanne] Marie Belote, 6-year-old daughter of Theodore Belote, 1612 Longfellow street, and Catherine and Constance Rounds, daughters of Lieut. Edward Rounds, engineer in the Navy Department, acted for the pictures to be shown July 2. They will be from 5 to 15 minutes long.
The amateur radio operator can equip his set with a picture receiver for $10 or $15, Dr. Jenkins stated. The laboratory, however, he stated, does not manufacture or sell them. It is broadcasting the pictures only in the interest of television. Yesterday [22] Dr. Jenkins gave an account of his work with television before the Washington Round Table luncheon held at University Club. (Washington Post)

CONFERENCE SOON ON TELEVISION AND RELAY ASSIGNMENTS
Washington, June 23—A conference is soon to be called by the Federal Radio Commission of applicants for high frequency assignments to be used for relay broadcasting and television.
The commission has received 40 applications for the 18 channels available, and the applicants will be called on to show the "public interest, convenience or necessity" they would serve if granted assignments.
Already the commission has conferred with engineers about the bands specified by the International Radio Convention for high frequency broadcasting, relay broadcasting and television.
Here are the frequency bands which may be assigned with the approximate distance range for each:
6,000 to 6,150 kilocycles—distance 500 miles at day, 4,000 miles at night.
9,500 to 9,600 kilocycles—distance 1,200 miles at day, 5,000 miles at night.
11,700 to 11,900 kilocycles—distance 2,500 miles at day, 5,000 miles at night.
15,100 to 15,350 kilocycles—distance 2,500 miles at day, 5,000 miles at night.
17,750 to 17,800 kilocycles—distance 3,000 miles at day, 6,000 miles at night.
21,450 to 21,550 kilocycles—distance 4,000 miles at day, 7,000 miles at night.
Television Assignments.
For television, the engineers suggested that experimental development stations be licensed between 4.500 and 5,000 kilocycles, on five 100 kilocycle channels, one channel to be assigned to each zone or night use, and all five channels to be assigned to each zone for day use.
In addition, one 100 kilocycle channel in the band, between 15,100 and 15,350, or the 11,700-11,900 band, and two 100 kilocycle channels above 23,000 kilocycles are recommended for television experimental work.
Channel Shortage.
The engineers suggested that due to the shortage of available channels, that only the most important applications should be considered on the following basis:
1. Overseas and international relay broadcasting.
2. Long Distance broadcasting beyond reliable range of national broadcast network between 550 and 1,300 kilocycles.
3. Television experimental and development work.
4. National relay broadcasting (within United States).
Another thing that the Commission may take into consideration is that the high frequencies are primarily valuable due to their great carrying range at low cost, and that they cause international interference. Therefore, it is suggested by the engineers, they should be assigned for long distance uses when low frequencies are not practical. (Brooklyn Eagle, June 24)

MONDAY, JUNE 25, 1928
Policy of Encouragement Officially Evolved With Reference to Television
BY DEANE KINTNER
NEWS from Chicago that the television broadcast foretold last Sunday resulted in transmission of a speaker voice and likeness simultaneously over a distance of several miles invited attention to this new phase of radio from the viewpoint of the Federal Radio Commission.
In this connection, latest advices from Washington are that a policy of encouragement will be followed by the commission with respect to television, and every assistance possible given to those who are developing this new branch of the radio art, so far as it does not interfere with other established services.
To this end the commission has already granted one or two temporary licenses for television transmission. Among the stations engaged in this work are WOR at Newark, WFCL at Chicago, and C. Francis Jenkins, Washington inventor. The two stations have been working on wave lengths outside the broadcasting band, but Jenkins, who has not yet been assigned a channel, has been operating in the broadcast band while awaiting permission to use a specific wave length.
Cleveland? Not Yet.
So far as can be learned, no Cleveland station has yet made formal application for a license to transmit visual matter and, in fact, only a few persons have so far indicated their desire to go into this branch of the industry. The Radio Corporation of America, at the recent hearings on short waves, asked for a number of channels on which to transmit pictures, but the commission has not yet made any decision on such applications.
The various members of the commission have expressed interest in radio vision, and it has been indicated that no handicaps will be placed in the way of experimenters who are engaged in perfecting the transmission and reception of pictures. It is not anticipated that any permanent licenses will be granted for television until the commission is assured of its perfection, but temporary permits will be granted freely.
Away Up or Down
A report recommending that certain channels, some on long waves and some on short, be set aside for television has been submitted to the commission by its technical adviser, Capt. S. C. Hooper. It seems highly improbable that television will be permitted in the broadcasting band because it requires, in its present stage of development, a much wider channel for a picture than for voice or music. A band of at least 100 kilocycles is required for the transmission of a picture of moderate size; because of this necessity it is deemed impractical to permit transmission within the range of 10 kilocycle channels now assigned to voice transmission.
Statements made at the recent short wave hearing indicated that television was rapidly being perfected and that within a much shorter time than the public generally anticipated it would be possible to offer a complete picture service.
As soon as transmission of moving pictures, toward which a number of experimenters are working, is perfected, the newer art probably will be linked up with broadcasting as it is now known, so that listeners can see as well as hear artists as they perform. Probably the first such entertainments to be given will be from talking motion pictures.
Radio Movies, and Yet—
The WCFL broadcast of voice and image, using apparatus described in some detail last Sunday, was the most ambitious effort to date to provide listeners with "radio movies.”
However, as pointed out then, set owners should not be too greatly exercised, for the image transmitted was very small and somewhat indistinct, and it was, of course, subject to all such radio troubles as fading static and distortion at the transmitting and receiving end.
Part of this distortion of pictures through the air tends to be introduced by the fact that the receiver runs a little faster or a little slower than the transmitter. Perforated scanning discs at either end must be perfectly synchronized to give a clear reproduction.
At WCFL, in co-operation with the Carter Radio Co., this is being accomplished within close limits by using the 60-cycle pulsations of lighting current to control the speed of apparatus at both ends of the ethereal line. (Cleveland Plain Dealer)

TUESDAY, JUNE 26, 1928
TELEVISION IN PLANE TESTED
Chicago, June 27. (AP)—Passengers in a tri-motored monoplane cruising over Chicago yesterday [26] listened to the voices and saw the faces of persons several miles away in a radio studio.
It was the first successful experiment in airplane reception of television. The broadcasting was from the studios of WCFL, the Chicago Federation of Labor station.

THURSDAY, JUNE 28, 1928
MAKES HOME-MADE SET
Bloomsburg, Pa., June 29. –(UP)—Louis W. Buckalew, 16, last night [28] received a television picture at the home of his parents. The picture comprised 40 lines and represented a man sending a message.
Buckalew is an amateur radio operator, and he has received word that his station has been heard in Holland. He has heard stations in New Zealand, Russia and England.
[Note: Buckalew was born Dec. 12, 1912 in Bloomsberg and died Dec. 29, 1974 in Orlando. He was a Lt. Colonel in the U.S. Army and retired to Florida where he belonged to the Elks and the Masons. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery.]

HAROLD C. SMITH GRANTED PERMIT
Bacon, June 28.—Harold C. Smith, of this city, has been granted a permit from the Federal Radio Commission, it was announced here today, to set up a television transmitting station [W2XBU] on Mount Beacon.
Smith has a staff of three men to aid him and his application stated that he has sufficient capital to finance the venture.

WTMJ TO GIVE DAILY PICTURE BROADCASTS
MILWAUKEE, Wis.—(AP)—A license to broadcast photographs has been obtained by WTMJ, transmission to begin about August 1.
Using the Cooley Rayfoto system, WTMJ expects to arrange to daily schedules of picture transmission, one during the day and the other about midnight. The pictures may be picked u on an ordinary receiver, provided it has photograph reproducer.
WTMJ is the first station wets of New York, where WMCA has been sending out “stills” for some time, to take up the new art, which some experiments see as the preliminary step toward television, or radio movies. (Greenfield Recorder)

FRIDAY, JUNE 29, 1928
RADIO CENTER IN NEW YORK PUTS TELEVISION ON MARKET
Cortlandt Street Shop Windows Already Have Tubes, Scanning Discs, Amplifiers and Other Apparatus on Display.
By C. E. BUTTERFIELD
Associates Press Radio Editor
NEW YORK, June 30—(AP)—Television may not just around the corner, but Cortlandt street, the Fifth avenue of radio, apparently thinks something is in the air.
Cortlandt street, the radio center of downtown New York, has been tempting the never-satisfied experimenter with television apparatus for some time. What is to be expected of this equipment can be determined only after a trial. In the display windows are kits containing television tubes, scanning disks, rheostats and three-stage resistance amplifiers that build up the signal which actuates the light-receiving tube.
Except for the amplifiers, which are standard, the equipment is crude to a certain extent, particularly when compared with some of the sound apparatus. However, if it will bring in television signals, it has done its part toward opening radio’s eye.
What Diagram Reveals.
The diagram of a television amplifier and reproducer indicates that its construction is not so difficult after all. Reception largely is a question of finding such signals on the air. WGY, Schenectady, now is broadcasting "radio movies" each Sunday evening after the regular program, while WLEX, Boston, is planning experiments on 40 to 80 meters. WRNY, New York, also is preparing to send out television signals.
However, the "telemovie" now is at the stage where only the radio fan with wide experience and an inventive turn of mind is in a position to take up experimentation Much patience will be required to get the apparatus functioning properly.
One kit prospectus makes this statement:
“Now that television is being broadcast, it is possible to receive pictures with simple apparatus. Results will depend on the distance of the broadcaster and upon the efficiency of the tuning system of a sound receiver, which is used to tune into the picture broadcasts. Any good set that will receive television signals audibly will give satisfactory results.
New Form Amplifier Described.
"As transformers are unsuited for amplifying all frequencies, a resistance coupled amplifier plays an important part. The audio amplifier of the set is not used, the television intensifier being cut in at the detector output. If the set does not have a detector jack, one must be provided.
"The television tube is connected to the output of the last amplifier tube in place of the speaker. This tube is placed at the rear of the scanning disk, which is set on the shaft of a motor, and a small window is mounted in front or in the rear of the disk. The speed of the disk must be kept in step with that at the transmitter. Speed is regulated by a rheostat, cut into the line feeding the motor. For close adjustment two rheostats will be needed.
How to Get Best Volume.
“Before actually connecting the amplifier to the receiver, it is advisable to tune in to the television signals to get the best volume. Then the audio amplifier is disconnected and the resistance amplifier cut in at the detector jack. The switch controlling the motor is turned on and the disk speeds up slowly, the operator watching for signals through the window. As the disk approaches critical speed, flashes will be thrown across the window and figures will appear when the correct speed is reached. The picture will remain until the speed steps out of synchronization again, but by careful adjustment of the motor rheostat it can be brought back.
"The amount of illumination of the television lamp is governed by the output consumption of the tube and the strength of the signals. In the resistance amplifier two hi-mu tubes are preferable in the first two steps with a power tube in the last step."

Special broadcasts in the West and East were the television highlights on New Year’s Day 1948.

In Los Angeles, both TV stations broadcast the Tournament of Roses Parade, while Paramount’s KTLA had the rights to air the Rose Bowl live. Newspapers reveal Margaret Whiting held a Rose Bowl TV party at her home and sang at half-time. Garry Moore christened his new home set during the game. Judy Canova took people to the stadium, charged them, then donated the money to charity. These were pre-network, pre-coaxial cable days in California, so other stations that wanted to show the game had to be content with film some days later. They could witness the U.S.C. Trojans embarrassed 49-0 by the Michigan Wolverines.

The Sugar Bowl was filmed for television, too, except there were no stations in the South (the game was in New Orleans) to broadcast it live.

In the East, the Mummers Day Parade was again televised in Philadelphia. The difference between 1948 and the 1947 telecast is the cable to Washington, Baltimore and New York enabled stations there to air the parade live for the first time. It was also picked up by relay stations to Boston, which did not have a TV station yet.

The cable was busy the night before, with live broadcasts over a host of stations emanating from Washington, Philadelphia and New York, including Times Square.

NBC’s cable-connected stations were now being referred to as the “NBC Eastern Network.” The papers talked about the mid-west network of affiliates, which didn’t exist yet as no cable connected them. Other stations were purely in the test phase, including WBAL in Baltimore and KSTP in Minneapolis, both of were part of NBC.

Television had expanded during 1947. The following stations signed on:

KSD-TV, St. Louis, February 8
WWJ-TV, Detroit, March 4 (was WWDT)
WNBW, Washington, June 27
WFIL-TV, Philadelphia, September 13
WMAL-TV, Washington, October 3
WMAR-TV, Baltimore, October 27
WTMJ-TV, Milwaukee, December 3
WEWS, Cleveland, December 17

W8XCT, Cincinnati, had expanded its experimental programming during 1947 to be able to go commercial in February 1948.

All this growth occurred without the presence of Milton Berle, who generally gets credit for the television boom. Berle’s mark on the industry can’t be denied, but readers to this blog can see there was a slow, steady expansion of television before he added TV to his resume in 1948.

This growth will prevent any posts past 1947. It’s become too unwieldy to provide television schedules, reviews and developments. There is an overwhelming amount of material to pick from. More and more space was being allotted to TV in trade publications like Variety and Billboard. A full page of TV news began appearing in each edition of Radio Daily in 1948, with other stories in the general news sections. Television and Televisor magazines provided excellent coverage; both are viewable in very low resolution on-line.

Below, you’ll find TV listings for all stations except WWJ-TV Detroit and WEWS Cleveland. There are conflicts in what was published in various papers; on the West Coast, for instance, some had Queen For a Day on the W6XAO schedule; others had “Films” instead. W8XCT in Cincinnati, which would soon be commercial, evidently got a pile of shorts from the Walter O. Gutlohn company as it aired one-reelers made by the Van Beuren Corporation.

And it would appear all three wire services were lining up to supply the growing number of TV stations with news. Perhaps they wanted to get a jump on film studios which supplied newsreels to theatres twice a week. Oddly, there was no talk at either NBC or CBS about a weeknight newscast. DuMont was the only one with a five-night-a-week newscast, as WTTG Washington sent Walter Compton’s 15-minute summary to stations.

SUNDAY, DECEMBER 28, 1947
WCBS-TV (CBS), Channel 2, New York City
6:30—“Scrapbook, Junior Edition,” children’s program with Gil Fates.
7:15—“Fighting with Kit Carson,” film serial.
7:35—Selected film shorts.
7:50—“The Week in Review” with Don Hollenbeck.”
8:00—“Personalities in the News,” from Washington.
8:30—Hockey at Madison Square Garden: N.Y. Rangers vs. Toronto Maple Leafs.
WNBT (NBC), Channel 4, New York City
7:50—United Press news.
8:00—“Author Meets the Critics.”
8:30—Newsreel.
8:40—“Rehearsal in 3-H.”
9:10—Travel film.
9:31—Hymn.
WABD (DuMont), Channel 5, New York City
No programming scheduled.
WRGB (NBC) Channel 4, Schenectady
8:00 to 9:30—NBC programs.
WPTZ (NBC) Channel 3, Philadelphia
10:45—“Musical Prelude.”
11:00—Morning Service from Christ Church and St. Michaels.
7:15—INS News.
7:30—Going Places.
8:00—NBC to signoff.
WFIL-TV Channel 6, Philadelphia
1:30—Test Pattern.
2:00 to 4:00—Sunday Inquirer Comics and Children’s Matinee.
7:30—Test Pattern.
8:00—Inquirer News Review.
8:30—Let’s Pop the Question, sponsored by Bartel’s.
9:00—Film.
9:20—Religious program.
9:45—Sign off.
WMAR (CBS/DuMont) Channel 2, Baltimore
2:40—Soccer at Bugle Field: Baltimore Americans vs. Baltimore Soccer Club.
5:00—Sunday Concert.
6:30—CBS programs.
7:45—WMAR’s Baltimore Television News.
8:00—Personalities of the Week (from WMAL).
8:30—Events and People: Baltimore Style.
8:45—Feature Film.
9:45—Hockey (from CBS).
10:45—Events and People: Baltimore Style.
11:15—WMAR Previews.
WNBW (NBC) Channel 4, Washington
3:00—Test Pattern.
3:30—Coming Attractions.
4:00—Film features.
5:30—Musical Interlude.
8:00—Coming Attractions or NBC.
8:30—NBC to signoff.
WTTG (DuMont) Channel 5, Washington
Off the air.
WMAL-TV (CBS) Channel 7, Washington
6:00—Test Pattern.
6:30—CBS programs.
7:45—Film.
8:00—Personalities Who Make the News with Bryson Rash (to WMAR).
8:30—The News Today with Earl Godwin.
8:45—Film.
10:00—Hockey (from CBS).
W8XCT Channel 4, Cincinnati
2:30—Twelve Cincinnati Art Club members will preview their exhibition paintings.
3:30—Television News.
3:45 to 4:00—Film: “Italian Caprice.”
WTMJ-TV Channel 3, Milwaukee
Schedule not available.
WBKB Channel 5, Chicago
1:00—National Football Championship at Comiskey Park: Chicago Cardinals vs. Philadelphia Eagles.
KSD-TV (NBC) Channel 5, St. Louis
8:00—News Comment by Dr Roland G. Usher.
8:15—Films: “Say Si Si,” “Lydia” and “Their Nightmare.”
8:30—Russ Severin’s Music Room.
8:45—Films: “Love Song of Renrenaldo” and “Kisses to You.”
9:00—Associated Press News and View.
9:15—Films: “Concertina Man,” “Wee Bit of Scotch” and “Golfers’ Lament” (Vis-O-Graph) with Arthur Q. Bryan.
9:30—“How to Tune a Television Receiver,” Tom Howard, chief engineer of KSD-TV and KSD.
W6XAO Channel 2, Los Angeles
No programs scheduled.
KTLA Channel 5, Hollywood
8:00—World-Wide News and Recorded Music.
8:30—Cartoon.
8:40—“Shopping at Home” with Keith Hetherington and Harrise Brin, sponsored by the Pep Boys, Sears Roebuck and Frey Schwabacher.
8:55—Cartoon-news.
9:00—“Who’s News?”
9:15—Film: “Shanghai Gesture” (1941) with Gene Tierney and Walter Huston.

CHICAGO, Dec. 27.—Despite original statement that the National Football League would not allow televising of the championship pro game between the Chicago Cardinals and the Philadelphia Eagles Sunday (28), last-minute arrangements were made late Friday (26) for sponsorship of the game by the Admiral Radio Corporation.
Bert Bell, NFL commissioner, denied that his league had any opposition to television as a medium. He said that teams in the league would always be willing to give video rights as long as those sponsoring the game paid adequate sums for the rights. He said that it was a simple matter of a situation in which the league knew it had jurisdiction over a valuable game and wanted a fair sum, part of which would go into the players’ pool. When Admiral made an offer that was fair in the opinion of team owners and league officials involved, the deal was made. Atlas Prager Brewing Company, which had sponsored televising home games of the Cardinals, did not take the championship game, it was stated by a representative of the station, because the price was too high. (Billboard, Jan. 3)

MONDAY, DECEMBER 29, 1947
WCBS-TV (CBS), Channel 2, New York City
No programming scheduled.
WNBT (NBC), Channel 4, New York City
7:30—Music.
7:50—United Press and Acme News.
8:00—NBC Television Newsreel.
8:10—“Americana Quiz,” with John Mason Brown and guests.
8:41—Universal trailer for “The Senator Was Indiscreet,” starring William Powell.
8:45—Boxing from St. Nicholas Arena. Feature bout: Kid Gavilan vs. Buster Tyler.
WABD (DuMont), Channel 5, New York City
6:35—Film shorts.
6:45—Walter Compton, news (from WTTG), sponsored by General Electric.
7:00—“Small Fry Club,” with Bob Emery.
7:30—“Doorway to Fame,” hosted by Johnny Olson.
8:00—Film shorts.
8:35—“Swing Into Sports,” with Don Pallini and Maxine Barratt, sponsored by Transmirra Products Corp.
9:00—“Sports Names to Remember,” sponsored by Moquin Wines.
9:07—Boxing from Jamaica Arena with Dennis James, sponsored by Winston Radio and Television Co.
WRGB (NBC) Channel 4, Schenectady
7:00—Program Announcements.
7:15—News Page.
7:30—Memory Lane.
7:55—Behind the News.
8:00—News, Americana and boxing (from NBC).
10:30—Spot News.
WPTZ (NBC) Channel 3, Philadelphia
9:30 a.m. to 1:45 p.m. and 3:00 to 5:30 p.m.—Test Chart.
1:45—INS Television News, sponsored by Wilf Bros.
2:00—“Television Matinee,” sponsored by Philadelphia Electric Co.
7:45—INS Television News, sponsored by Superfine Appliances Co.
8:00 to signoff—NBC.
WFIL-TV Channel 6, Philadelphia
9:30 a.m. to noon, 1:00 to 5:00 p.m. and 7:30—Test Pattern.
8:00—Inquirer Television News, with Wally Sheldon.
8:10—Magic Made Easy, with Tom Osborne.
8:30—Film.
9:00—Temple University Forum: “Should the Republicans’ Tex Reduction Proposal Be Adopted?”
9:30—DuMont program.
WMAR (CBS/DuMont) Channel 2, Baltimore
2:00 to 4:00, 6:30 to 7:00—Test Pattern.
7:00—DuMont programs from WABD.
8:00—DuMont program from WTTG.
8:45—Film show.
9:00—Boxing from DuMont.
10:30—WMAR Previews.
WBNW (NBC) Channel 4, Washington
Off the air.
WTTG (DuMont) Channel 5, Washington
10:30 a.m. to noon—Morning Melodies.
6:15—Dinner music.
6:30—Preview Time.
6:35—DuMont programming.
6:45—Walter Compton, news, sponsored by General Electric (to DuMont).
7:00—DuMont programming.
8:00—Music Album, Joby Reynolds (to DuMont).
8:15—Film shorts (to DuMont).
8:30—Way Down Home (to DuMont).
8:45—Film shorts.
9:00—Step ‘n’ Fetch It, Mike Hunnicutt.
9:30—DuMont boxing program.
11:00—News.
WMAL-TV (CBS) Channel 7, Washington
10:00 a.m. to noon and 1:00 to 5:00—Test Pattern.
W8XCT Channel 4, Cincinnati
1:30—Newsreel.
1:45—Film: “Golf Timing” (Van Beuren, 1937)
2:00 to 2:15—Film: “Little New York.”
WTMJ-TV Channel 3, Milwaukee
No programming scheduled.
WBKB Channel 5, Chicago
3:00—Chicago Television Showcase
4:00—Junior Jamboree with Kukla, Fran and Ollie, sponsored by RCA.
8:00—Chicago Photografers.
8:15—News.
KSD-TV (NBC) Channel 5, St. Louis
3:00—Associated Press News and Views.
3:15—Film.
3:30—American Theater interview, Billy Gilbert.
3:45—Special NBC newsreel: “Highlights of 1947.”
4:05—Man on the Street.
4:20—Film Cartoon.
8:00—Tele-Quiz-Calls, with Harry Gibbs and Dottye Bennett, sponsored by Union Electric.
8:30—NBC newsreel.
8:50—Presentation of awards to St. Louis winners in a national essay contest on “What It Means to Be an American.”
9:10—Film.
9:25—Associated Press News and Views.
9:40—Film.
9:50 to 10:15—Jefferson Hotel children’s floor show.
W6XAO Channel 2, Los Angeles
8 p.m.—Test Slides, Music.
8:25—Wrestling Card and announcements.
8:30 to 11:00—Wrestling Matches, Hollywood Legion. Enrique Torres and Manuel Garza vs. Goregous George and Antone Leone, Morris Shapiro vs. Angelo Savoldi (45 mins), Lucky Simonovich vs. Gene Stanlee (45 mins), Paavo Katonen vs. Tommy Nilan, Pete Meningher vs. Bob Corby.
KTLA Channel 5, Hollywood
3:00 to 5:00—World Wide News and music.
7:00—“Uncle Phil,” with Shirley Dinsdale and Judy Splinters, sponsored by Philco.
7:10—Adventure Serial, sponsored by Philco.
7:30—Bar None Ranch, with Pat Buttram.
8:00—Rose Queen Coronation.

A short month and a half ago, research revealed that there were but 3,950 television sets in operation in the Los Angeles area. Since it was announced by television stations KTLA and Don Lee’s W6XAO that they, in cooperation with the Union Oil company, would telecast the world famous “Tournament of Roses” parade on New Year’s day, tele-receiver owners have increased to 9,500, with strong indication that this amount would reach 15,000 by December 31.
Quite a comparison can he made when it is realized that the first “Tournament of Roses” parade was telecast by W6XAO in 1940 to only 341 receivers; while, on January 1, 1948, there will be approximately 300,000 people, scattered from Malibu to Oceanside and the Sierra Madres to Catalina island, “looking” at this outstanding outdoor spectacle. (Highland Park News-Herald, Dec. 29)

New York.—Organization of a new 16 mm. newsreel for television to be available early in February was announced jointly yesterday [29] by International News Service, International News Photos and Telenews Productions. Domestic and foreign footage with a minimum running time of five minutes is scheduled for release five times weekly to stations or sponsors.
Newscreens will be produced by Telenews under the supervision of Jack Tobin, director of production. Plans call for INS and INP to supplement the reel with teletype news and wire photos. All sales will be handled by the television department of the two Hearst services. No rate schedule has been formulated, with actual quotation left to discussion with potential clients.
All INS-INP facilities will be available for the newsreel, according to Seymour Berkson, general manager. Both newsreel and still photo camera men will be stationed at bureaus, he explained, with coverage planned to start in key cities. Films will be furnished with sound track or with cue sheet and script, he pointed out, depending on individual needs. (Hollywood Reporter, Dec. 30)

TUESDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1947
WCBS-TV (CBS), Channel 2, New York City
No programming scheduled.
WNBT (NBC), Channel 4, New York City
No programming scheduled.
WABD (DuMont), Channel 5, New York City
6:35—Film shorts.
6:45—Walter Compton, news (from WTTG), sponsored by General Electric.
7:00—“Small Fry Club,” with Bob Emery.
7:30—“Mary Kay and Johnny.”
7:45—“Photographic Horizons” with Joe Costa.
8:00—Western Film Feature.
9:00—“Know Your New York” with Don Roper.
9:15—“Sports Names to Remember,” sponsored by Moquin Wines.
9:22—Boxing from Park Arena with Dennis James, sponsored by Winston Radio and Television Co.
WRGB (NBC) Channel 4, Schenectady
7:10—Program Announcements.
7:15—News Page.
7:30—Elissa Landi Show.
7:55—Behind the News.
8:00—Cutup Capers.
8:20—Film short.
8:35—Show Biz.
8:40—Strollin’ With Yole.
8:55—Film short
9:10—Concert Hall.
9:25—Spot News.
WPTZ (NBC) Channel 3, Philadelphia
9:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m.—Test Chart.
7:45—INS Television News.
8:00—“Living Science,” direct from the Franklin Institute. “Atom Busting.”
8:30—Motion Picture feature.
WFIL-TV Channel 6, Philadelphia
9:30 a.m. to noon, 1:00 to 5:00 p.m., 7:30—Test Pattern
8:00—Inquirer Television News, with Wally Sheldon.
8:10—Basketball at the Convention Hall: La Salle Explorers vs U.S.C. Trojans, and St. Joseph Hawks vs. Arizona Cats.
WMAR (CBS/DuMont) Channel 2, Baltimore.
2:00 to 4:00 and 8:00—Test Pattern.
8:30—Film show.
9:00—WMAR’s Baltimore News.
9:15—Wrestling from the Colesium. Primo Carnera vs. Tony Galento, Nanjo Singh vs. Herb Freeman.
10:45—WMAR Previews.
WNBW (NBC) Channel 4, Washington
2:00—Test Pattern.
3:30—Coming Attractions.
4:00—The Local Crowd.
5:00—Film Feature.
6:00—Musical Interlude.
8:00—Capital Citizen with Bill Herson.
WTTG (DuMont) Channel 5, Washington
10:30 to 12 noon—Morning Melodies.
1:30—Afternoon Musicale.
6:15—Dinner Music.
6:30—Preview Time.
6:35—DuMont programming.
8:00—Bob Wolff Sports Clinic. Guest, 15-year-old Trigve Tuve, two-time winner of the Washington Post's Pick the Winner football contest.
8:15—The Visionaires.
8:30—“Swing Into Sports.”
9:00—Film Shorts.
9:30—Boxing (from DuMont).
11:00—News.
WMAL-TV (CBS) Channel 7, Washington
10 a.m. to noon, 1:00 to 5:00 and 7:30—Test Pattern.
8:00—Film.
8:30—“What’s on Your Mind.” (to WFIL-TV)
9:00—Film.
W8XCT Channel 4, Cincinnati
1:30—J. Cecil Alter, “Using the Weather.”
2:00—Film: “Riders of Riley” (Van Beuren, 1931)
2:15-2:30—Film: “Nature’s Songsters” (Educational, 1936)
7:30—“On Wings of Song.”
8:00—Film: “Nature’s Songsters.”
8:15—Film: “Making ‘em Move” (Van Beuren, 1931)
8:30—Evening at Gaylord’s.
9:00—Newsreel.
9:15—Film: “Riders of Riley.”
9:30 to 10:00—Television Party.
WTMJ-TV Channel 3, Milwaukee
No programming scheduled.
WBKB Channel 5, Chicago.
3:00—“Jane Foster Comes to Call,” cooking and home management show, sponsored by Commonwealth Edison.
3:30—Chicago Television Showcase.
4:00—Junior Jamboree, with Kukla, Fran and Ollie, sponsored by RCA.
7:30—Animal Crackers.
7:45— Behind the Headlines.
8:00—Civil Air Patrol.
8:15—Today’s World Picture.
KSD-TV (NBC) Channel 5, St. Louis
8:15—Film.
8:30 to 10:00—Senator Robert A. Taft addressing dinner of John Marshall Club, speeches by Senator James P. Kem and Mayor Aloys P. Kaufmann.
W6XAO Channel 2, Los Angeles
10:30—Test Pattern.
11:00—Film and shorts.
11:30—Test Pattern and Music.
KTLA Channel 5, Hollywood
12:00 to 1:00—Rose Bowl Kickoff Luncheon from the Pasadena Civic Auditorium.
3:00 to 5:00—World Wide News and music.
7:00—“Uncle Phil” with ventriloquist Shirley Dinsdale and Judy Splinters, sponsored by Philco.
7:10—Adventure Serial, sponsored by Philco.
7:30—Home Economics with Monica Whalen and guest.
7:45—“Star Views” with Lois Andrews, sponsored by Philco.
8:00—“Who’s News.”
8:10—“Your Town—Los Angeles Presents.”
8:30—Los Angeles National Collegiate Basketball Championship from the Olympic Audirtorium: Marshall Thundering Herd vs. Syracuse Orangemen.

Stuart Cramer, Ohio magician-mentalist, has begun a series of telecasts over Cleveland's new television station WEWS. His first video program, aired December 20 from the ballroom of the Statler Hotel, Cleveland, pulled good press notices. Second in the series, which is slated to continue thru January, was televised December 30. (Billboard, Jan. 10)

A final effort to avert a boycott of the Hollywood Legion Stadium as the outgrowth of boxing managers’ protests against television, collapsed yesterday [30] when Don Lee television attorneys refused to back out of a 3-year contract with the Flicker City Club.
As the result of yesterday’s failure to reach an amicable settlement the Southern California Boxers and Coaches Association, boasting over 90 per cent of the local boxing talent, will not sign for any further fights at the Legion.
This Friday night’s show will not be affected by the boycott.
Unless a settlement is made before a week from Friday night the Legion must obtain the majority of fighters from out of town.
The television attorneys, after listening to George Parnassus, Roy Gardner, Dan Barnhart and Art Martel, representing the association, said they had no intentions of breaking the contract, although they have a 45-day termination clause in the contract. The Legion has no escape clause.
Instead they gave the boys a “sales talk” on what a big thing television will be in 4 or 5 years, and that the fighters will profit through telecasting of fights.
Parnassus tossed a neat counterpunch by stating: “The boys are ready to fight, but they don’t want to give away their rights and they don’t want to wait five years to get paid.”
The fight men contend they are giving television a free show because the Legion receives a paltry $150) for telecasting of boxing and wrestling and the fighters don’t get a nickle [sic] of it. However the big beef of the fight men is that television is hacking big chunks off the rate receipts, especially in the gallery.
The television contract reads that the Legion must obtain waivers from all participants, but as yet not one has been obtained.
Although certain members of the Legion’s 7-man committee went on record Monday night as to admitting that “a former committee inked the television contract . . . it was a bad deal . . . and that they were stuck with it,” not one member of the 3-man committee at yesterday’s confab with the Don Lee attorney spoke up protest against television.
It was mutually agreed at Monday’s meeting that both the Legion and the tight men would make a joint plea with television to pull out of the picture. (Johnny Allen, Los Angeles Daily News, Dec. 31)

Associated Press has arranged with Acme Film Laboratories for latter to do all laboratory work for the 16 mm. newsreel events to be produced on the West Coast by A.P. for broadcasting. Initial event covered by the local A.P. television unit was the opening of Santa Anita Saturday. The Rose Parade, Michigan-U.S.C. football game, and Los Angeles open golf tournament will be shot by A.P. for television this week.
Facilits have been set up for speedy development, editing and printing of spot news film coverage by A.P. in the Western states, and the local A.P. television newsreel staff will headquarter at Acme Laboratory. (Hollywood Reporter, Dec. 30)

The Federal Communications Commission notified Radio Station WAGA Tuesday [30] that it had been granted a permit to operate the first television station in Georgia. Managing Director James E. Bailey announced that construction of television facilities would begin at once under the permit which authorizes television broadcasts [on Channel 5] as soon as they can be arranged. The station will be erected on a West Peachtree site acquired several months ago, Bailey said, and television broadcasts may be started within six or eight months. The cost of the expansion will run to between $500,000 and $750,000, Bailey said. (Atlanta Constitution, Dec. 31)

CANTON, Dec. 30—Application for permission to construct and operate a 24,000 watt television station in Canton is on file with the federal communications commission in Washington, it was announced today by officials of the Brush-Moore Newspapers Inc.
The present plans call for an outlay of $200,000 for the new station; the officials announced. They added that they hope to have the station completed by 1949 in time for the presidential inauguration ceremonies if the FCC grants approval of the application before the coming summer.
The station would use the site of the new WHBC transmitter, operated the Ohio Broadcasting Co., a subsidiary.
The application lists the call letters as WBMT, which stand for W (commission signal letter Indicating station is east of the Mississippi river) Brush-Moore Television.
To prepare the way for the application, Brush-Moore shareholders on Oct. 10, approved an amendment to the articles of incorporation allowing the firm to engage in “radio, television, facsimile and other forms of broadcasting.” Officials explained that the application was, made by Brush-Moore rather than the Broadcasting Co. subsidiary “because television represents a new and different medium of communication.”
The station would broadcast on Channel No. 7 of the 13 allocated by the FCC for higher-powered commercial use. The channel runs from 174 to 180 megacycles The 24,000 watt transmitter is expected to cover a 55-mile radius and would begin operations on a minimum of 28 hours. The application also calls for use of a mobile unit for control “telecasts.”
The only commercial television station now in operation in Ohio is WEWS in Cleveland, which made its debut only last week. (Marion Star, Dec. 30)

Washington.—A $93 million expansion program for the new year by AT&T, which will include construction of the new coaxial cable links for television service yesterday [30] was authorized by the FCC.
AT&T proposed to provide the following new television service: Two additional circuits in the New York-Washington coaxial cable; two between New York and Albany; two between Philadelphia and Chicago; two between Chicago and St. Louis. These links would permit television programs to originate or be received in Baltimore, Richmond, Pittsburgh and Cleveland in addition to the cities named.
The commission also authorized the Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Co., a subsidiary of AT&T, to construct a coaxial cable between San Jose and Los Angeles.
The carrier facilities proposed would also increase circuits for use by AM broadcasting as well as other services. Pacific Telephone said it would install additional broad band equipment between Portland, Los Angeles and Salt Lake City. These proposed new facilities can be used in radio broadcast service. (Hollywood Reporter, Dec. 31)

WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 31, 1947
WCBS-TV (CBS), Channel 2, New York City
1:00—Film short.
1:30 to 2:00—“Missus Goes a-Shopping” with John Reed King.
8:00—Documentary film.
8:25—Hockey from Madison Square Garden: N.Y. Rangers vs. Boston Bruins.
WNBT (NBC), Channel 4, New York City
5:00—“Playtime,” children’s program (from WNBW).
7:15—United Press and Acme News.
7:24—“Tonight’s Television Press Releases.”
7:30—“Kraft Television Theatre”: “Respectively Yours.”
8:30—“In the Kelvinator Kitchen” with Alma Kitchell.
8:45—Sports Roundup featuring Jersey Joe Walcott (from WPTZ).
9:00—Studio show.
9:30—Man in the Street (from WNBW).
9:50—12:05 a.m.—Studio Show and Pick-Ups From Times Square.
WABD (DuMont), Channel 5, New York City
6:35—Film shorts.
6:45—Walter Compton, news (from WTTG), sponsored by General Electric.
7:00—Small Fry Club, with Bob Emery.
7:30— Jack Eigen Show.
7:45—Film shorts.
8:00—Sylvie St. Clair, songs.
8:30—Feature film.
10:00—To be announced.
11:30—International New Year’s Party from the U.N. Club, Washington.
12:06—To be announced.
12:20—Ice Follies Party, Philadelphia.
WRGB (NBC) Channel 4, Schenectady
5:00—NBC Children’s program. (from WNBW)
6:40—Program Announcements.
6:45—News Page.
7:00—Behind the News.
7:05—Gay ‘90s New Year’s Eve.
7:25—Spot News.
7:30—Television Theatre, In the Kitchen, New Year’s Eve (from NBC).
WPTZ (NBC) Channel 3, Philadelphia
9:30 a.m. to 1:45 p.m. and 3:00 to 5:30 p.m.—Test Chart.
1:45—INS Television News.
2:00—Television Matinee, sponsored by the Philadelphia Electric Co.
4:45—INS Television News.
5:00—NBC children’s show (from WNBW).
7:45—INS Television News.
8:00—Selected motion picture.
8:30—NBC program.
8:45—“Sports Scrapbook” with Stoney McLinn and Bill Campbell.
9:00—Variety show (from NBC?)
9:30—NBC program (from WNBW).
10:00—“Pleased to Meet You” with Roy Neal direct from South City Hall Plaza.
10:15—Variety Show (from NBC?)
11:00—NBC New Year’s show from Times Square.
WFIL-TV Channel 6, Philadelphia
9:30 a.m. to noon, 1:00 to 5:00 p.m. and 7:00—Test Pattern.
8:00—Inquirer Television News.
8:15—Film featurette.
8:30—Ice Follies.
11:00—Film Feature.
11:30—DuMont (from WTTG).
12:05—Film featurette.
12:20 to 12:35—New Year’s Eve Party on ice with cast of Ice Follies (to DuMont).
WMAR Channel 2, Baltimore
7:30—Test Pattern.
8:00—Film Show.
8:30—Basketball: Loyola Greyhounds vs. North Carolina Tarheels.
10:15—New Year’s Eve Concert.
11:30—International New Year’s Party, U.N. Club, Washington, D.C. (from WTTG).
12:20 a.m.—Backstage Party, Ice Follies (from WFIL-TV).
1:00 a.m.—WMAR Previews.
WNBW (NBC) Channel 4, Washington
2:00—Test Pattern.
3:30—Coming Attractions.
4:00—Film Features.
5:00—Playtime (to NBC).
6:00—Musical Interlude.
7:00—Coming Attractions.
7:30—NBC programs.
8:45—New Year’s Eve from Washington, Philadelphia, New York, Boston (to and from NBC).
WTTG (DuMont) Channel 5, Washington
10:30 a.m. to noon—Morning Melodies.
1:30—Afternoon musicale.
6:15—Dinner Music.
6:30—Preview Time.
6:45—Walter Compton news, sponsored by General Electric (to DuMont).
7:00—Small Fry Club (from DuMont).
7:30—Film: “Second Chorus.”
8:45—Dance music.
9:45—Dickens’ “Christmas Carol.”
11:30—International New Year’s Party, U.N. Club, Washington (to DuMont).
12:20—Fce follies (from WFIL-TV).
WMAL-TV (CBS) Channel 7, Washington
10 a.m. to noon and 1:00 to 5:30—Test Pattern.
W8XCT Channel 4, Cincinnati
1:30—Film: “Big League.”
1:45—Film: “Redskin Blues” (Van Beuren, 1931)
2:00 to 2:15—“Tea at Two.”
WTMJ-TV Channel 3, Milwaukee
2:00—Meet Your Neighbor, interviews and audience participation from Milwaukee's Radio City.
2:30—Let’s Look at the News.
2:45—Film Variety.
3:00—Surprise Package.
3:15—Movie Matinee: Lost Jungle, Chapter 5.
7:45—News and Views, sponsored by Gimbels and Radio Specialty Company (Philco).
8:00—Open House: News Highlights of 1947.
8:15—Sportsreel, sponsored by A. Gettelman Brewing Company.
8:30—Basketball: Marquette vs Wisconsin at Auditorium, sponsored by Wadham's Division of the Socony-Vacuum Oil.
WBKB Channel 5, Chicago
3:00—Chicago Television Showcase.
4:00—Junior Jamboree, with Kukla, Fran and Ollie, sponsored by RCA.
KSD-TV (NBC) Channel 5, St. Louis
No programs scheduled.
W6XAO Channel 2, Los Angeles
10:30—Test Pattern.
11:00—Film and shorts.
11:30—Test Pattern and Music.
KTLA Channel 5, Hollywood
12:30—“On the Town.”
3:00 to 5:00—News and music.
7:00—Uncle Phil, with Ventriloquist Shirley Dinsdale and Judy Splinters, sponsored by Philco.
7:10—Adventure Serial, sponsored by Philco.
7:30—“Sunset Room” with Joan Barton.
8:00—Film shorts.
8:30—Hockey at the Pan Pacific Auditorium: Los Angeles Monarchs vs. Fresno Falcons.

LOS ANGELES, Dec. 31 (UP)—A special tax crew was assigned today to make sure that television bars charging admission to see the Rose Bowl game pay the government a 20 per cent admission tax.
Harry C. Westover, collector of internal revenue, said his office was entitled to 20 per cent of all fees charged for admission to television transmission. (Hollywood Citizen-News, Dec. 31)

A 16 mm. film summary of the Shrine East-West game in San Francisco New Year’s Day, will be telecast over the Don Lee video transmitter, W6XAO, at 8 p.m. next Monday [5]. The footage will be a prelude to the regular Monday night wrestling bout. (Hollywood Reporter, Dec. 31)

Arrival of the New Year in the three major cities on the eastern television network—New York, Philadelphia and Washington — affords video stations ample opportunity for a wide variety of program fare, bulk of which will concern itself with actual celebrations at key points.
NBC has scheduled a special three-hour “round-robin” show from 8:45 to 12:05 p.m., EST, portions of which will be sponsored by the Hamilton Watch Company, with the high point coming at midnight from the crossroads of the world — New York’s Times Square.
In addition to Times Square pick-up and the studio show from New York, titled “Through the Years with Song and Dance,” a remote pickup and studio program from Philadelphia and a studio show from Washington is scheduled. WNBT's “Through the Years” will feature stars and acts of former years in a musical review of the old minstrel days, Gay Nineties, the Roaring Twenties and other eras of America’s entertainment history. In the Times Square segment of the show, two cameras of one of NBC’s mobile units will be installed at the Hotel Astor to record the climax of activity as the clock ushers in the year 1948.
A sports show will originate from WPTZ in Philadelphia featuring top sports events of the past year with heavyweight contender Jersey Joe Walcott as guest. Washington portion of the show will be a 20-minute studio show (from WNBW) with the station arranging a New Year’s Eve celebration for Capital viewers.
Network shows will also be featured on WABD-DuMont New Year’s Eve festivities with a special pickup from the Capital and WTTG scheduled from 11:30 p.m. to 12:05 a.m. Thursday morning.
From United Nations Club Washington program will be a direct pickup from the United Nations Club in the Capital wherein dignitaries of the UN and their families will herald the arrival of ‘48. U. S. Army and Navy officials are also expected to attend the celebration which will have variety entertainment of an international flavor, including song and dance performances by Latin-American, European and Oriental stars, etc. At 12:20 a.m. WABD will air a web show from WFIL-TV in Philadelphia consisting of a pickup of the Ice Follies New Year’s Eve party in the Quaker City.
WCBS-TV’s “Missus Goes A-Shopping” today with John Reed King (1:30 p.m., EST) will have a tie-in with the New Year’s theme. Program will originate from a super market in Long Island. (Radio Daily, Dec. 31)

THURSDAY, JANUARY 1, 1948
WCBS-TV (CBS), Channel 2, New York City
8:00—CBS Television News with Douglas Edwards, sponsored by Gulf Oil.
8:15—“To the Queen’s Taste,” cooking program from the Cordon Bleu Restaurant, with Mrs. Dione Lucas.
8:45—Basketball from Madison Square Garden, Long Island U. vs. U.S.C., N.Y.U. vs. Colorado.
WNBT (NBC), Channel 4, New York City
10:30 a.m.—Mummers Day Parade from Philadelphia.
8:00—“Hello 1948.”
8:30—NBC Television Newsreel.
8:40—Musical Merry-Go-Round, with Jack Kilty.
8:55—Universal trailer for “The Senator Was Indiscreet,” starring William Powell.
9:00—“You Are an Artist,” with John Gnagy, sponsored by Gulf.
9:15—Feature film: “African Diary,” with Harry Bauer, Victor Francen; English soundtrack. (American premiere).
WABD (DuMont), Channel 5, New York City
6:15—“Small Fry Club” with Bob Emery, sponsored by Fisher Baking Co.
6:45—Walter Compton, news (from WTTG), sponsored by General Electric.
7:00—Film shorts.
7:30—“Birthday Party,” with Grace Gioe.
8:00—Film shorts.
8:15—“Charade Quiz,” with Bill Slater.
8:40—Film shorts.
9:00—To be announced.
WRGB (NBC) Channel 4, Schenectady
8:00—NBC Programs.
WPTZ (NBC) Channel 3, Philadelphia
9:45—INS Television News.
10:00—Philadelphia’s Annual Mummers Parade, direct from South City Hall Plaza (to NBC), sponsored by Snellenburg’s department store.
7:45—INS Television News.
8:00—NBC programs to sign-off.
WFIL-TV Channel 6, Philadelphia
9:30 a.m.—Test Pattern.
10:00—Mummers Parade.
1:00—Football from Franklin Field: Philadelphia Eagles vs. St. Louis Cardinals.
7:30 p.m.—Test Pattern.
8:00—Inquirer Television News.
8:45—Martin Agronsky, ABC news commentator [Pha. Inquirer only].
9:00—Basketball at the Convention Hall: Temple vs. Santa Clara, La Salle vs. Utah.
WMAR Channel 2, Baltimore
9:30 a.m.—Test Pattern.
10 a.m. to 1 p.m.—Mummers Parade (from WPTZ).
5:45—Test Pattern.
6:15—DuMont programs.
7:00—WMAR’s Baltimore Television News.
7:15—Film show.
8:00—“Champagne and Orchids” starring Adrienne.
8:15—“Music Album” with Sherry Sherwood (from WTTG).
8:30—“Charade Quiz” with Bill Slater.
9:15—Basketball: Baltimore Bullets vs. Philadelphia Warriors.
10:05—WMAR’s Baltimore Television News.< br> 11:00—WMAR Previews.
[Note: all NYC TV listings for DuMont have “Charade Quiz” at 8:15].
WNBW (NBC) Channel 4, Washington
11:00 a.m.—Test Pattern.
11:15—Coming Attractions.
11:30—Mummers Parade (from WPTZ).
1:00 p.m.—Musical Interlude.
4:00—Fun at 4.
5:00—Musical Interlude.
8:00—Film features.
Children of Georgetown House and the Georgetown branch of the Boys Club, both Community Chest agencies, will present a television program at 8 o’clock tonight over Station WNBW. The program, originating from the Wardman Park Hotel, will include tap, hula and square dancing numbers. Ten boys, from 8 to 17, will present a minstrel show. (Washington Evening Star, Jan. 1)
WTTG (DuMont) Channel 5, Washington
6:30—Preview Time.
6:35—Film shorts.
6:45—Walter Compton news, sponsored by General Electric (to DuMont).
7:00—Small Fry Club (from DuMont).
7:30—Birthday Party (from DuMont).
8:00—“Champagne and Orchids” (from DuMont).
8:15—“Music Album” with Sherry Sherwood (to WMAR).
8:30—“Charade Quiz” (from DuMont).
9:00—Film feature presentaton.
10:30—News.
[Note: Evening Star and Daily News list: 11 a.m.-2 p.m.—Mummers Parade, 6:15—Small Fry, 6:45—News, 7—Western Film, 8—Champagne and Orchids, 8:30—Charade Quiz, 9—Golden Gloves, 9—News]. The second round of the Times-Herald Golden Gloves will be televised and broadcast from the Uline Arena tonight. The television broadcast will be brought to the fans via Station WTTG at 9 p.m., sponsored by the Hecht co. (Washington Times-Herald, Jan. 1)
WMAL-TV (CBS) Channel 7, Washington
9:30 to 10 a.m. to noon and 7:30 p.m.—Test Pattern.
10 a.m. to 1 p.m.—Mummers Parade (from WPTZ).
8:00—Telestars of Tomorrow.
8:30—Film.
8:45—“The Major Problem of 1948.” [to WFIL-TV?]
9:10—Basketball (from CBS).
W8XCT Channel 4, Cincinnati
8:30—Variety Show.
9:30—Film: “Chinese Jinks” (Van Beuren, 1932)
9:45—Film: “Big Cheese” (Van Beuren, 1930)
10:00 to 10:30—“Build Thee More Stately Mansions.”
WTMJ-TV Channel 3, Milwaukee
2:00—Special Film Program.
2:30—Television Newsreel.
2:40—Film Shorts.
3:00—New Year’s Day Variety.
7:45—News and Views, sponsored by Gimbels and Radio Specialty Company (Philco).
8:00—Armchair Travels, film.
8:30—Wrestling, from South Side Armory, sponsored by A. Gettelman Brewing Company.
WBKB Channel 5, Chicago
3:00—Chicago Television Showcase.
4:00—Junior Jamboree, with Kukla, Fran and Ollie, sponsored by RCA.
7:30—Milt Hopwood’s Sports show.
7:45—Film short.
8:00—Today’s World Picture.
8:15—Film short.
8:25—Hockey at the Stadium: Chicago Blackhawks vs. Detroit Red Wings, sponsored by Emergency Radio and Applicance
KSD-TV Channel 5, St. Louis
3:00—Associated Press News and Views.
3:15—Film.
3:20—New Year’s Day service; Dr. Walter A. Maier of Concordia Semenary; Lutheran Hour Chorus.
4:10—NBC newsreel “Sports Highlights of 1947.”
8:35—Film.
8:45—Basketball (BAA) at the Arena: St. Louis Bombers vs. Boston Celtics, sponsored by Hyde Park Breweries.
W6XAO Channel 2, Los Angeles
8:30 to 11:30 a.m.—Tournament of Roses Parade.
KTLA Channel 5, Hollywood
9:00 a.m.—Tournament of Roses.
1:00—Meet the Teams.
1:30—Pre-Game Rally.
2:00—Rose Bowl Game, Michigan Wolverines vs. U.S.C. Trojans, sponsored by Union Oil.
5:00—After Game Rally, with Hedda Hopper, Joan Barton, Don Wilson, Eddie Bracken, Art Linkletter and Bill Demarest, sponsored by Union Oil.
7:00—“Uncle Phil” for kids, sponsored by Philco.
7:10—Adventure Serial, sponsored by Philco.
7:30—“Judy’s Work Shop,” with Shirley and Judy.
7:45—“Star Views” with Lois Andrews. Dorothy Douglas, Lee Elson and Judy Beaumont present a scene from “Penny Wise,” sponsored by Philco.
8:00—“Hollywood New Year’s.”

Thousands of Southlanders who were miles from Pasadena watched the Tournament of Roses parade yesterday [1] — by television over Station W6XAO.
And if you ask the engineers it wasn’t an easy trick. The San Rafael hills stand three miles west of Pasadena and between the parade and the Hollywood transmitting station; and television waves travel only in a straight line. The W6XAO engineers solved the problem with two welded aluminum disks nine feet and 16 feet in diameter. The television camera caught the parade from the top of the Pasadena Elks Club porch at Orange Grove Ave. and Colorado St. As Engineer Harry R. Lubcke phrased it, the camera “squirted” THE television Waves through a coaxial cable to the smaller disk on the clubhouse roof. That disk beamed them to the larger disk atop San Rafael Hill, 200 feet above the parade level. From here they were directed to the Hollywood station where they were amplified and broadcast.
The engineers say the parade was received on home sets from Malibu to San Diego. (Los Angeles Times, Jan. 2)

An audience of more than 4000 persons in the Shrine auditorium yesterday [1] gave an enthusiastic reception to the first televised large—screen projection demonstrator which featured the Tournament of Roses parade and the Rose Bowl football game. That theatre video has a future, especially sports, was conclusively proven by the assembly, as it expressed audible amazement over the startling Zoomar lens, the multi-camera coverage by Station KTLA and a genuine delight over an “on-the-field” intimacy during the nation’s greatest pigskin classic.
From 9 a.m. until nearly 5 p.m., patrons, boldly skeptical at first, sat and watched the panoramic scope of events unwind before them. All the atmosphere of the Rose Festival itself prevailed with the lookers, who cheered their favorite teams, players and floats as they came and left the big 12x16 foot screen.
Video engineers and television experts may have observed much that was unsatisfactory technically, but the great majority of those in attendance brushed off such short-comings as poor image resolution and fuzzy definition as if they hadn’t occurred.
Bert O’Orsay, sponsor and promoter of the event, casually dismissed an indictment by a New York grand jury on a charge of first degree grand larceny, instigated by the Colonial Television Corp. of Brooklyn, as a “minor misunderstanding” and said that what the patrons saw yesterday “was only the beginning of the most fascinating era of the theatre the world has ever seen.
D’Orsay is charged with presenting a bad check for $1317 to Alfred Emerson, president of Colonial, for one of the sets he used yesterday and allegedly transporting it to Loa Angeles.
In the Hollywood Athletic Club gym approximately 800 persons watched the Rose Tourney and Parade on a 7x9-foot screen set up by the Richards Television Co., using a special set built around RCA equipment. Vision was reported good. (Hollywood Reporter, Jan. 2

Any prestige that might have been gained by the NBC television web in presenting the first U.S. preem of a feature-length film Thursday (1) night was more than lost through the mediocrity of the film itself.
“African Diary,” a French-made picture, was imported to the U. S. more than a year ago but hadn’t played in any theatre in this country. Reason why it had kicked around in the vaults so long was perfectly obvious from its tele showing. Film must have been produced at least 10 years ago. Story, acting and direction were equally trite and, worst of all, the voices used for dubbing the French dialog into English sounded as though the “voice” thesps were playing it for laughs.
Voice that dubbed for the late Harry Baur, for example, sounded like a caricature of a Mexican peon trying to speak English. Old characters in the turn sounded like teenagers, while the younger ones sounded old. It’s doubtful whether super-imposed titles would have been much better, since in the one short sequence employing titles, they were down so low on the picture frame as to be practically invisible on the small-sized tele screen. “Diary” made it obvious, however, that until the French learn more about dubbing, titles are definitely the thing for U. S. theatre audiences.
Story, which a foreword claimed was a true one, had Victor Francen as a French army major serving in the African Sudan. Just when he had convinced his government to start a TVA project on the Niger river and had proposed to a girl, he was stricken with leprosy and disappeared. Rest of the 75-minute feature depicted his revitalization at the hands of Baur, playing a French army doctor. Both the lead actors have done much finer work in subsequent pictures. As for the supporting players, they were made inadequate for the small demands placed upon them.
It’s bad enough when broadcasters must play U.S. films eight to 10 years old. Scanning B foreign oldies, though, is too much. NBC probably deserves credit for lining up such a preem, but the web officials should have been a little more discriminating in their taste. Stal. (Variety, Jan. 7)

NBC television took advantage of its “Studio 3-H” show Thursday (1) night to present news chief Paul Alley in a prospectus for the 1948 NBC tele newsreel. In an informal huddle with announcers Bob Stanton, Ray Forrest and Jim Stevenson, Alley revealed ambitious plans for the reel’s expansion in both foreign and domestic coverage in a further step to meet intensified competition from outside producers.
Rest of the hall-hour show. directed by staffer Fred Coe, was excellent. Format followed the usual rehearsal idea, which gives NBC a chance to stage ambitious productions sans expensive sets or costumes. Lisa Kirk, featured singer In the current Broadway production of “Allegro” did a standout job with “Man I Love.” Tele thesps Bill Post and Steve Courtleigh gave a moving reading to a scene from Shakespeare’s “Julius Ceasar” [sic] and Stan Cavanaugh amused with some deft juggling tricks. Margo and Gower Champion topped off the proceedings with a terping eulogy to the now-defunct vaude at Loew’s State, N. Y. (Variety, Jan. 7)

FRIDAY, JANUARY 2, 1948
WCBS-TV (CBS), Channel 2, New York City
8:00—Selected film shorts.
8:30—Feature films.
WNBT (NBC), Channel 4, New York City
1:00—Swift Home Service Club with Tex and Jinx, and Martha Logan, home economist; Sandra Gahle, decorator and home planner.
1:30—NBC Television Newsreel.
8:00—Film: “Sports Review of 1947.”
8:15—Universal trailer for “The Senator Was Indiscreet,” starring William Powell.
8:20—“The World in Your Home,” sponsored by RCA.
8:30—Film.
8:41—“Gillette Cavalcade of Sports,” Boxing from Madison Square Garden. Jackie Cranford vs. Bernie Reynolds.
WABD (DuMont), Channel 5, New York City
6:15—Small Fry Club, with Bob Emery.
6:45—Walter Compton, news (from WTTG), sponsored by General Electric.
7:00—Film shorts.
7:30—Hubert Brill’s “Playhouse.”
8:00—Film shorts.
8:54—Sports Names to Remember, sponsored by Moquin Wine.
9:00—Wrestling from Jamaica Arena, with Dennis James.
[Note: Times and Newsday have 6:35—Shorts; 7:00—Small Fry, 7:30]
WRGB (NBC) Channel 4, Schenectady
7:10—Program Announcements.
7:15—WRGB News Page.
7:30—“Whatzat, Whozit?”
7:40—Sportsreel.
7:55—Behind the News.
8:00—NBC programs, including boxing.
10:30—WRGB Pictorial Spot News.
WPTZ (NBC) Channel 3, Philadelphia
9:30 a.m. to 12:45 p.m. and 1:40 to 3:45—Test Chart.
12:45—INS Television News.
1:00 to 1:40—NBC programming.
3:45—INS Television News.
4:00—Children’s Matinee: cartoon, chapter 1 of “Hurricane Express” serial, and Western Feature.
7:35—INS Television News.
7:50—United Press News.
8:00—NBC program.
8:15—Short subject.
8:30—“Handy Man” with Jack Creamer, sponsored by Gimbels.
8:45—Motion Picture Short.
8:55—“Sportsman’s Show.”
9:10—Boxing (from NBC).
WFIL-TV Channel 6, Philadelphia
9:30 a.m. to noon, 1 to 5 p.m. and 7:30—Test Pattern.
8:00—Inquirer Television News.
8:15—Rose Bowl Parade (film) [Pha. Inquirer only].
9:00—Basketball (BAA) at the Convention Hall—Philadelphia Warriors vs. Washington Capitols, sponsored by Norge.
WMAR Channel 2, Baltimore
No programs.
WNBW (NBC) Channel 4, Washington
12:30—Test Pattern.
12:45—Coming Attractions.
1:00—NBC programming.
1:45—Musical Interlude.
4:00—Let’s Learn to Fly.
5:00—Film Features.
6:00—Musical Interlude.
7:30—Coming Attractions.
8:00—NBC programs.
8:30—Story of the Week, with Richard C. Harkness.
8:45—Let’s Learn To Dance, sponsored by Georges Radio and Television Stores.
9:25—News in Review
9:30—NBC boxing, sponsored by Gillette.
10:45—View-A-Sport.
[Daily News has 9:00—News, Boxing].
WTTG (DuMont) Channel 5, Washington
6:00—Dinner Music.
6:15—Small Fry (from DuMont).
6:45—Walter Compton, news, sponsored by General Electric (to DuMont).
7:00—Unannounced.
8:00—Elder Michaux and the “Happy I Am” Choir.
8:30—Hockey from Uline Arena: Washington Lions vs. Springfield Indians.
11:00—Press Bulletins.
WMAL-TV (CBS) Channel 7, Washington
10:00 a.m. to noon, 1:00 to 5:00, 7:00-8:30—Test Pattern.
8:00—Film: “Vanishing Riders” (1935) with Bill Cody.
W8XCT Channel 4, Cincinnati
1:30—Film: “Hello Mama” (RKO-Nu Atlas, 1939)
1:45—Film: “Jungle Terror” (Van Beuren, 1932) with Sasha Siemel.
7:30—Film: “Hello Mamma.”
7:45—Film: “Jungle Terror.”
8:00—Film: “Hermits of Crabland” (Van Beuren, 1935)
8:15—Wrestling at the Music Hall Arena. Pierre LaBelle vs. Bobby Nelson, Ali Aliba and Irish Pat McGee vs. Monte LaDue and Buck Lipscombe, Paul Steuer vs. Bob Blake.
WTMJ-TV Channel 3, Milwaukee
2:00—Meet Your Neighbor, interviews and audience participation from Milwaukee's Radio City.
2:30—Let’s Look at the News.
2:45—Film: Excursions in Science.
3:00—Surprise Package.
3:15—Movie Matinee: Lost Jungle, Chapter 6.
7:45—News and Views, sponsored by Gimbels and Radio Specialty Company (Philco).
7:55—Basketball: Wauwatosa at West Allis Hale, sponsored by the Broadway House of Music.
WBKB Channel 5, Chicago
3:00—Chicago Television Showcase.
4:00—Junior Jamboree, with Kukla, Fran and Ollie, sponsored by RCA.
7:30—Variety program.
7:45—Film shorts.
8:00—Newsreels and News.
8:15—“Lost Jungle.”
8:44—The Singing Smiths, sponsored by Terman Television Sales.
9:00—Boxing from Madison Athletic Club, sponsored by Atlas Prager Brewing Co.
KSD-TV Channel 5, St. Louis
3:00—Associated Press News and Views.
3:15—Film: “Love is a Song.”
3:20—Behind the Fashion Scene with Marjorie Wilten.
3:30—Film: “Land of the Stars.”
3:45—Ray Mayer, magician, with George Wood.
4:00—NBC newsreel.
4:15—Animated cartoon.
8:15—NBC newsreel.
8:30—Film: “Maki La Pus.”
8:45—Basketball game at Kiel Auditorium: St. Louis U. Billikins vs. Holy Cross Crusaders.
W6XAO Channel 2, Los Angeles
10:30 a.m.—Test Pattern.
11:00—Films.
11:30 to noon—Test Pattern and Music.
8:00—Test Pattern and Incidental Music.
8:25—Boxing Card and Announcements.
8:30—Boxing at the Hollywood Legion Stadium. Bob Castro vs. Kenny Watkins (10 rounds), Pee Wee Swingler vs. Nick Diaz (six rounds), Al Gonzales vs. Freddie (Babe) Herman (six rounds), Babe Huerta vs. Richard Lopez (found rounds), Willie Jones vs. Lonnie Croft (four rounds), Chuck Wilkerson vs. Tommy Yamaoka (four rounds).
KTLA Channel 5, Hollywood
12:30 to 1:00—“On the Town,” sponsored by local television set distributors.
3:00 to 5:00—World Wide News and Music.
7:00—“Uncle Phil,” with ventriloquist Shirley Dinsdale and Judy Splinters, sponsored by Philo.
7:10—Adventure Serial, sponsored by Philco.
7:30—“Music Room” with Gene Norman.
8:00—Selected Short Subjects.
8:30—Hockey from the Pan-American Arena: Los Angeles Monarchs vs. Oakland Oaks.

SATURDAY, JANUARY 3, 1948
WCBS-TV (CBS), Channel 2, New York City
2:55—Pro Basketball (BAA) at Madison Square Garden: N.Y. Knicks vs. Baltimore Bullets.
7:45—News, Tom O’Connor.
8:00—Selected film shorts.
8:15—College Basketball at Madison Square Garden: St. John’s vs. Rhode Island State, Manhattan vs. Dartmouth, Bob Edge announcing, sponsored by Ford.
WNBT (NBC), Channel 4, New York City
5:00—Puppet Playhouse.
WABD (DuMont), Channel 5, New York City
No programs scheduled.
WRGB (NBC) Channel 4, Schenectady
No programs scheduled.
WPTZ (NBC) Channel 3, Philadelphia
9:30 a.m. to 1:45 p.m. and 4:00 to 5:00—Test Chart.
1:45—INS Television News.
2:00—Mummers Parade (film?)
WFIL-TV Channel 6, Philadelphia
3:00 and 7:00—Test Pattern.
7:30—“Starlet Stairway” with Jack Steck.
8:00—Inquirer Television News.
8:10—Far Better Sports, with Don Kellett.
8:30—Basketball at the Convention Hall: Temple vs. Colorado, St. Joseph vs Kansas State.
WMAR (CBS/DuMont), Channel 2, Baltimore
2:30—Test pattern.
2:55—Basketball (from CBS).
7:15—Test pattern.
7:45—news, films (from CBS).
8:30—College Basketball at Evergreen: Loyola Greyhounds vs. Albright.
10:30—WMAR Previews.
WNBW (NBC) Channel 4, Washington
12:30—Test Pattern.
7:30—Coming Attractions.
8:00—Film Features.
WTTG (DuMont) Channel 5, Washington
7:15—Dinner Music.
7:45—Arnold Fine Show.
8:00—Film short.
8:15—Scholastic Sports Association.
8:30—Film short.
8:45—Basketball (B.B.A.) from Uline Arena: Washington Capitols vs. Boston Celtics.
11:00—News.
WMAL-TV (CBS) Channel 7, Washington
3:00 to 5:00 and 7:15—Test Pattern.
7:45—News (from CBS).
8:00—AAU Indoor Games from National Guard Armory.
W8XCT Channel 4, Cincinnati
7:30—Film: “Deadly Females” (Van Beuren, 1936)
7:45—Basketball at the Music Hall Arena: Westminster vs. Miami, University of Cincinnati vs. Utah.
WTMJ-TV Channel 3, Milwaukee
2:00—Table Tennis Tournament.
2:30—Let’s Look at the News.
2:45—Your Attention, Please.
3:00—Teen Age Time: North and Custer High Schools, presented by the WTMJ-TV Teenage Council.
3:30—Wild West Theater.
7:45—News and Views, sponsored by Gimbels and Radio Specialty Company (Philco).
8:10—Basketball: Marquette vs. Springfield (Mass.) Y college, at Marquette gym, sponsored by Wadham's Division of the Socony-Vacuum Oil.
WBKB Channel 5, Chicago
No programs scheduled.
KSD-TV Channel 5, St. Louis
3:00—Associated Press News and Views.
3:15—Film: “Our Flag.”
3:30—“Junior Jamboree” with Russ Severin.
4:00—Western film feature.
8:10—Hockey at the Arena: St. Louis Flyers vs. Indianapolis Capitals, sponsored by Crosley Dealers.
W6XAO Channel 2, Los Angeles
Off the air.
KTLA Channel 5, Hollywood
12:30-1:00—“On the Town.”
3:00 to 5:00—News and music.
7:00—“Uncle Phil,” with Shirley Dinsdale and Judy Splinters, sponsored by Philco.
7:10—Adventure Serial, sponsored by Philco.
7:30—“You’ll Be Sorry,” with Beryl Wallace.
8:00—Basketball from the Olympic Auditorium: Pepperdine vs. Whittier.

HOLLYWOOD—A special trailer designed exclusively for presentation via television is being prepared via television to whet interest in its new Ronald Colman starrer, “A Double Life.” The trailer will be similar in technique to U-I’s first experiment with television advertising, a five-minute short touting “The Senator Was Indiscreet,” which as booked for presentation by NBC’s video outlet in New York City. (Boxoffice, Jan. 3)