Papers by Eduardo van den Berg
Análise da variação temporal da estrutura de uma floresta altimontana com histórico de fogo
From leaves to the whole tree: Mistletoe effects on the productivity, water relations, and demography of a Neotropical savanna tree
Austral Ecology, Dec 9, 2023
Revista Brasileira de Biociências, Mar 21, 2008
Revista Brasileira de Biociências, Oct 2, 2007
Journal of Tropical Forest Science, Oct 11, 2021
The study was conducted in a portion of tropical montane forest in the Caparaó National Park, Bra... more The study was conducted in a portion of tropical montane forest in the Caparaó National Park, Brazil. The aim of this work was to assess the changes in seed bank composition, density and richness along an altitudinal gradient and across seasons, and to analyse the floristic links between the forest soil seed bank, seed rain, regeneration layer and adult tree layer. The seed bank data were collected in the dry and rainy seasons at seven different elevations, ranging from 1112-1550 m above sea level. The floristic relationships were analysed through the species lists derived from previous studies at these same locations. The results showed seed density and species richness varied among different elevations, but did not vary with gradient. Seed bank density and richness varied significantly across seasons, with the highest averages found in the rainy season. In the floristic composition, the higher elevations showed more similar composition than to the lower elevations. Seed bank composition was floristically different from the seed rain, the regeneration layer and the adult tree layer of the forest. Our results showed that the soil seed bank was influenced by both altitude and environmental seasonality. The findings highlighted the importance soil seed bank as a mechanism of post-disturbance forest regeneration.
Aspectos Da Variaãão Ambiental Em Uma Floresta De Galeria Em Itutinga, MG, Brasil
Cerne, 2009
A taxonomic database system CARipé with integrated links to plant images was constructed to chara... more A taxonomic database system CARipé with integrated links to plant images was constructed to characterize the 800 forest tree species recorded for the catchments of the Rio Grande in the south of Minas Gerais state in Brazil using vegetative morphology. After a description was ready, its integrated system Empar, completed in a few seconds an identification attempt using automatic character correlation. Empar proved operationally successful in identification tests of 62 specimens, of as many species, against 554 reference specimens and species from the ESAL Herbarium. Empar employed a similarity coefficient with the option of a weighting based on character frequency and, in tests, the use of this rarity weighting further improved the performance. Three tree groups based on leaf type and phyllotaxy were analyzed separately. From the start, those with compound leaves received more descriptors and the result was little difference in identification performance between the tree groups. Indications were that experts and non-experts performed characterizations for identification purposes almost equally well. The most important result was that successful identifications were obtained using a reference base of just one specimen description per species.
Rodriguésia, Mar 1, 2015
Um dos principais passos para a conservação de florestas é o conhecimento da composição florístic... more Um dos principais passos para a conservação de florestas é o conhecimento da composição florística e estrutura, e as relações destas com as variáveis ambientais. Assim, realizou-se o levantamento da comunidade arbórea de um fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual montana, situada no município de Socorro, SP, bacia do Rio Mogi-Guaçu (22º32'S e 46º34'W, altitude de 750 m), com o objetivo de conhecer sua estrutura e a composição florística, além das variações espaciais relacionadas às variáveis edáficas e à borda do fragmento. Para o mesmo, foram analisadas as seguintes características: densidade, área basal e distribuição de tamanhos das árvores, além da composição, distribuição e diversidade de espécies. Foram alocadas 25 parcelas de 20 × 20 m, para amostragem dos indivíduos com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) ≥ 5 cm, onde também foram coletados dados edáficos. Foram registrados 1.360 indivíduos, 166 espécies, 103 gêneros e 41 famílias, bem como quatro grupos de solos: três Argissolos e um Gleissolo. A análise de correlação canônica demonstrou que a densidade das espécies varia nas parcelas e nos tipos de solo, porém não apresentou diferenças significativas. Distância da borda, conteúdo de alumínio, matéria orgânica, potencial hidrogeniônico e saturação por bases no solo foram as variáveis ambientais mais relacionadas com as variações florísticas e estruturais da floresta.
Fitossociologia de corredores e florestas de cabeceira no sul de MG
Novas Edições Acadêmicas eBooks, Jan 29, 2015
Esta obra destina-se aqueles interessados em ecologia vegetal, levantamentos de flora e botânica ... more Esta obra destina-se aqueles interessados em ecologia vegetal, levantamentos de flora e botânica em geral. Aborda tema fundamental para a preservacao de especies arboreas, uma vez que a area estudada e prioritaria para conservacao segundo Drummond (2005). Os parâmetros fitossociologicos mostraram como algumas especies de arvores nativas do dominio atlântico sao importantes na caracterizacao de zonas de tensao ecologica dentro do dominio, assim como apontou varias outras como ameacadas ou correndo perigo de extincao. A elevada riqueza floristica encontrada tanto nos corredores (naturais ou antropicos) quanto nas florestas de cabeceira corroboram com a manutencao de pequenas manchas florestais como mantenedoras de biodiversidade, ressaltando ainda mais a criacao e fortalecimento de politicas publicas que visem a protecao e a conexao destas manchas no sul do estado de Minas Gerais.
Revista Brasileira de Biociências, 2007
Scientia Forestalis, Sep 1, 2020
This study tested floristic and structural links existing in seasonally dry tropical forests (SDT... more This study tested floristic and structural links existing in seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) fragments on carbonate rocky outcrops among three (3) phytogeographic domains (Atlantic, Caatinga and Cerrado) in Brazil. Although included in large-scale SDTFs studies, these disjunctions under limestone are in part poorly understood and little is known about the diversity patterns in these areas. Thus, eight (8) fragments were sampled, three (3) from cerrado, two (2) from Atlantic and three (3) from Caatinga for phytosociological surveys and subsequent characterization of the structure and floristic composition. The structure differed from each other among fragments (even on the same substrate) and between the domains. There were greater similarities only between patches and its surrounding vegetation. However, key SDTFS species were shared among domains with high Coverage Value (CV). Climatic variables were essential in fragments differentiation by seasonality, separating Cerrado and Caatinga domains (higher precipitation seasonality and higher temperatures) against Atlantic domain by milder climate and higher altitudes. Thus, sampled patches presented metacommunity characteristics, with great floristic and structural dissimilarity conditioned mainly by climatic factors and by the influence of adjacent phytogeographic vegetation domains.
Brazilian Journal of Biology, 2023
Although richness and distribution of woody species in the Cerrado physiognomies have been extens... more Although richness and distribution of woody species in the Cerrado physiognomies have been extensively studied, the shifts of woody species from savanna physiognomies to dry forests have not yet been addressed. Here, we investigate the effect of soil physical-chemical traits on the woody species turnover between adjacent cerrado stricto sensu and dry forest physiognomies. Woody species were surveyed, and soil and topographic variables measured, in 30 10×40 m plots systematically distributed, with 15 plots in each physiognomy. We found a spatially structured distribution of woody species, and differences of soil traits between cerrado stricto sensu and dry forest areas, mainly related to the aluminum saturation, base saturation, and available phosphorus. Aluminum saturation increased toward the savanna area, while base saturation increased toward the dry forest. Most woody species predominated in one physiognomy, such as Callisthene major in the cerrado stricto sensu and Anadenanthera colubrina in the dry forest. Only 20% of the species were widely distributed across both physiognomies or, not often, restricted to the intermediary values of the soil gradient. General results indicate that contrasting soil traits between cerrado stricto sensu and dry forest produce a strongly spatially organized and sharp transition in terms of species distribution between these physiognomies.
Changes in tree size, not species diversity, underlie the low above‐ground biomass in natural forest edges
Journal of Vegetation Science, Mar 1, 2021
QuestionsForest's above‐ground biomass is an important component of the global carbon cycle a... more QuestionsForest's above‐ground biomass is an important component of the global carbon cycle and, in forest fragments, it tends to decrease near the edges. This edge effect on biomass can be due to the number and identity of species residing at edges or due to the context of edges constraining plant functioning regardless of the species. Here, we took advantage of species‐rich natural forest edges to test the role of species richness, composition, and context dependency in explaining why forest edges stock less above‐ground biomass than interiors.LocationGallery forests in Brazilian savanna (latitude 21° S, longitude 44° W).MethodsWe tested the relationship between species richness and above‐ground biomass in 49 forest plots (10,142 trees). We used a novel adaptation of the Price equation to calculate the impact of species composition (losses and gains) and context dependency on the differences of above‐ground biomass between edges and interiors.ResultsDifferences in species richness and composition did not explain the lower above‐ground biomass of forest edges when compared to interiors. Biomass responses were context‐dependent, in which the same species achieved smaller sizes when it grew in the edge than in the interior.ConclusionsOur study shows that edge effects on biomass may operate independently of biodiversity as edges and interiors had a similar number of species but distinct above‐ground biomass. Indeed, in the studied natural forest patches, the edge context itself limits plant size and, thus, the above‐ground biomass stock. Beyond unveiling the underlying causes of edge effects on forest biomass, our results call for distinct policies to conserve both the carbon stocks in forest interiors but also the unique diversity of natural edges.
Global Plant Ecology of Tropical Ultramafic Ecosystems
Botanical Review, May 3, 2022
Science
Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay.... more Deadwood is a large global carbon store with its store size partially determined by biotic decay. Microbial wood decay rates are known to respond to changing temperature and precipitation. Termites are also important decomposers in the tropics but are less well studied. An understanding of their climate sensitivities is needed to estimate climate change effects on wood carbon pools. Using data from 133 sites spanning six continents, we found that termite wood discovery and consumption were highly sensitive to temperature (with decay increasing >6.8 times per 10°C increase in temperature)—even more so than microbes. Termite decay effects were greatest in tropical seasonal forests, tropical savannas, and subtropical deserts. With tropicalization (i.e., warming shifts to tropical climates), termite wood decay will likely increase as termites access more of Earth’s surface.
Science Advances
Understanding the mechanisms controlling forest carbon storage is crucial to support “nature-base... more Understanding the mechanisms controlling forest carbon storage is crucial to support “nature-based” solutions for climate change mitigation. We used a dataset of 892 Atlantic Forest inventories to assess the direct and indirect effects of environmental conditions, human impacts, tree community proprieties, and sampling methods on tree above-ground carbon stocks. We showed that the widely accepted drivers of carbon stocks, such as climate, soil, topography, and forest fragmentation, have a much smaller role than the forest disturbance history and functional proprieties of the Atlantic Forest. Specifically, within-forest disturbance level was the most important driver, with effect at least 30% higher than any of the environmental conditions individually. Thus, our findings suggest that the conservation of tropical carbon stocks may be dependable on, principally, avoiding forest degradation and that conservation policies focusing only on carbon may fail to protect tropical biodiversity.
Ornamental Horticulture, Jun 14, 2007
INTRODUÇÃO O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e avaliar a distribuição, abundância ... more INTRODUÇÃO O presente trabalho tem por objetivo identificar e avaliar a distribuição, abundância e riqueza de espécies epífitas de bromélias e orquídeas presentes na mata de galeria do Rio das Antas, Poços de Caldas-MG. Epífitas são plantas que necessitam apenas do suporte de suas árvores hospedeiras (forófitos) e não de seus nutrientes, pois são fisicamente independentes do solo da floresta para seu ciclo de vida (Nadkarni, 1994). Estas plantas têm sofrido constantes ameaças de extinção em seus habitats naturais, expostas a fragmentação desses ambientes, expansões de fronteiras agrícolas, poluição e altas taxas de extrativismo. Além das muitas funções ecológicas, orquídeas e bromélias possuem inúmeros atributos para ornamentação como coloridos e contrastes exóticos, folhagens exuberantes e diversos tamanhos, diversidade esta que ressalta a importância da conservação e identificação das espécies que ocorrem na região do estudo, onde há forte pressão de fragmentação e conseqüente perda de habitats para estas plantas. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS Levantamento florístico: Foram levantadas neste trabalho duas famílias de epífitas vasculares, Bromeliaceae e Orchidaceae entre os meses de janeiro de 2005 a janeiro de 2006. A identificação foi feita por comparações com bibliografias especializadas (Reitz,1983) e por taxonomistas idôneos. Área de estudo: Os locais amostrados foram os mesmos estudados por van den Berg et al.(2006). A formação florestal é uma mata de galeria que também pode ser identificada por floresta estacional semidecidual aluvial (IBGE, 1992). Foram amostradas cinco áreas em direção a foz, os blocos foram nomeados seguindo a abreviatura dos nomes dos proprietários das áreas-DR (Dirceu), RJ (Ricardo Junqueira), EJ (Eduardo Junqueira), MG (Miguel Carvalho Dias) e AL (Alcoa S.A.) ao longo do Rio das Antas localizado no município de Poços de Caldas-MG (van den Berg et al.,2006). As áreas variaram de 0,14 a 0,24 ha de área amostral, distando entre si cerca de 2 km e abrangendo cerca de 8 km ao longo do rio. Amostragem: Em cada um dos cinco blocos amostrados, foram sorteadas 20 árvores na margem do rio, 20 árvores na borda da mata e 20 árvores entre estas duas situações (interior da mata). Apenas árvores com diâmetro à altura do peito (DAP) > 20 cm, onde é mais comumente observada a presença de epífitas foram amostradas, (Alves, 2005). Estas árvores já haviam sido anteriormente identificadas e medidas por van den Berg et. al. (2006). Análise de dados: Foi calculada a similaridade de distribuição de espécies epífitas nos blocos, comparando-os dois a dois, através do coeficiente de Jaccard. A diversidade florística foi estimada pelo índice de diversidade de Shannon (H') e a eqüabilidade pelo índice de eqüabilidade (J') de Pielou, descritos em Brower & Zar (1984). RESULTADOS E DISCUSSÃO Riqueza de epífitas: Foram identificadas nove espécies epífitas. A maior riqueza de espécies ocorreu no bloco MG, contrastando com o reduzido número de epífitas identificadas no bloco Al (apenas uma espécie) (Tabela 1). AGRADECIMENTOS ALCOA / SA, pela bolsa e financiamento concedidos durante a pesquisa, e o amplo apoio logístico.
Distribución de la hemiparásita Tristerix chodatianus en los bosques de Polylepis en Laraos - Perú
Host tree traits in pasture areas affect forest and pasture specialist epiphyte species differently
American Journal of Botany, 2021
PremiseEpiphytes have commensal relationships with their host trees. Besides the influence of tre... more PremiseEpiphytes have commensal relationships with their host trees. Besides the influence of tree traits, little has been discussed concerning the ecology of epiphytes in disturbed habitats (e.g., pasture). We herein tested whether the occurrences of pasture and forest specialist epiphytes in pastures are affected differently by tree traits. We hypothesized that (H1) the richness and abundance of generalist epiphytes would be positively associated with area availability; (H2) the richness and abundance of forest epiphyte species would be associated both with (H2.a) area availability and (H2.b) tree traits related to higher seed adherence, and/or (H2.c) less severe habitat (e.g., high humidity and more shade).MethodsWe sampled 9567 epiphyte individuals from 16 species on 759 scattered remnant trees. The epiphyte species were divided into two ecological groups: forest specialists and pasture specialists. We evaluated four host tree traits: two related to tree size (crown area and tru...
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Papers by Eduardo van den Berg