EVM: Kernel: make tick model safer

Context

Contributes to #5873 (closed)

Follows !9214 (merged)

This MR continues of the reboot strategy. It contains enough for the kernel to be safe wrt the maximum number of ticks allowed by the PVM. It does NOT contain what will be needed to avoid losing transactions: the execution is stopped abruptly.

It defines a slightly more elaborate tick model, isolated in a separate module for easier maintenance and readability.

Next !9369 (merged)

Manually testing the MR

Some tests were added in the kernel.

cargo -C src/kernel_evm test

Checklist

• Document the interface of any function added or modified (see the coding guidelines)
• Document any change to the user interface, including configuration parameters (see node configuration)
• Provide automatic testing (see the testing guide).
• For new features and bug fixes, add an item in the appropriate changelog (docs/protocols/alpha.rst for the protocol and the environment, CHANGES.rst at the root of the repository for everything else).
• Select suitable reviewers using the Reviewers field below.
• Select as Assignee the next person who should take action on that MR