SCORU/Node: use correct constants in the context where they are needed

Context

Fixes #5871 (closed).

In some contexts, such as during refutation games, the rollup node would not use the appropriate constants. This MR implements a "constants cache" and uses that to be able to compute the correct constants values for any block.

Manually testing the MR

TODO:

• test refutation game over protocol upgrade without constants change (would crash before because constants format differ between oxford and alpha)
• test refutation game over protocol upgrade with constants change (e.g. reveal hash activation levels)