Proto/Michelson: make annotation types private

Context

This is a redo of !3706 (closed) with a branch on tezos/tezos to ease stacked MRs. It was approved by @sventimir

This MR is based on !3744 (merged) and makes the types of field/var/type annotations private, which helps understanding how they are used and will help getting rid of them.

Manually testing the MR

CI

Checklist

• Document the interface of any function added or modified (see the coding guidelines)
• Document any change to the user interface, including configuration parameters (see node configuration)
• Provide automatic testing (see the testing guide).
• For new features and bug fixes, add an item in the appropriate changelog (docs/protocols/alpha.rst for the protocol and the environment, the Development Version section of CHANGES.md for everything else).
• Select suitable reviewers using the Reviewers field below.
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