Scripts/versions: update python version to 3.12.10

What

Updates python version from 3.21.9 3.12.9 to 3.12.10

Why

The python3 alpine package has been updated (link).

CI images cannot currently be rebuilt: cf. https://gitlab.com/tezos/tezos/-/jobs/9669858115

How

Update scripts/version.sh.

Manually testing the MR

Check that the jobs building CI images are green:

• amd64
• arm64

Checklist

• Document the interface of any function added or modified (see the coding guidelines)
• Document any change to the user interface, including configuration parameters (see node configuration)
• Provide automatic testing (see the testing guide).
• For new features and bug fixes, add an item in the appropriate changelog (docs/protocols/alpha.rst for the protocol and the environment, CHANGES.rst at the root of the repository for everything else).
• Select suitable reviewers using the Reviewers field below.
• Select as Assignee the next person who should take action on that MR