CI: remove redundant compilation tests

What

This MR removes two compilation tests from the merge pipelines, leaving one compilation test for the latest-release branch to make sure the script docs/introduction/compile-sources.sh does not fall out of sync.

Why

Before the introduction of in-house packages, it was important to make sure that octez would successfully compile of different software distribution.

With the introduction of our packages, we run these tests each time we build our packages, making additional compilation tests redundant.

How

I removed the redundant tests and update some other tests to run on debian bookworm ( debian-12 ) instead of the now outdated bullseyes ( debian-11 )

Manually testing the MR

check that the tests are indeed not removed.

Checklist

• Document the interface of any function added or modified (see the coding guidelines)
• Document any change to the user interface, including configuration parameters (see node configuration)
• Provide automatic testing (see the testing guide).
• For new features and bug fixes, add an item in the appropriate changelog (docs/protocols/alpha.rst for the protocol and the environment, CHANGES.rst at the root of the repository for everything else).
• Select suitable reviewers using the Reviewers field below.
• Select as Assignee the next person who should take action on that MR