Kernel/EVM: flat fee is charged on every transaction

Context

Charge a flat fee to every transaction. For further context, see !11512 (merged).

Depends on !11572 (merged), !11604 (merged)

Manually testing the MR

run dune exec etherlink/tezt/tests/main.exe -- --file evm_rollup.ml --title 'Alpha: Check L2 transfers are applied (proxy)' --verbose before and after applying this patch.

Observe the change in gas used: (see the transaction receipt). You can see 123001 gas is used, which is correct given the 1Gwei gas fee passed by eth-cli: (before)

[13:30:14.705] [eth#7] {
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]   "blockHash": "0x2e7a6add236909365b675ef7607aff5cd842dede2f3be09d9237576c1900699c",
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]   "blockNumber": 3,
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]   "from": "0x6ce4d79d4E77402e1ef3417Fdda433aA744C6e1c",
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]   "gas": 21000,
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]   "gasPrice": "1000000000",
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]   "hash": "0x613f60d1013e2c2b75b4e54228b4fe020c74f359d6fce5660a01b78119868b3a",
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]   "input": "0x",
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]   "nonce": 0,
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]   "to": "0xB53dc01974176E5dFf2298C5a94343c2585E3c54",
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]   "transactionIndex": 0,
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]   "value": "9998000000000000000000",
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]   "v": "0x960a",
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]   "r": "0x6e379419076f238cd61358ad1b5f080a0acfbdf66ebd3a746568f629426909b6",
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]   "s": "0x6a4fcd2180cf51848e2615792d03667ab56c7bf54be96eaf7748084bcb5cbe32",
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]   "receipt": {
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]     "transactionHash": "0x613f60d1013e2c2b75b4e54228b4fe020c74f359d6fce5660a01b78119868b3a",
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]     "transactionIndex": 0,
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]     "blockHash": "0x2e7a6add236909365b675ef7607aff5cd842dede2f3be09d9237576c1900699c",
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]     "blockNumber": 3,
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]     "from": "0x6ce4d79d4e77402e1ef3417fdda433aa744c6e1c",
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]     "to": "0xb53dc01974176e5dff2298c5a94343c2585e3c54",
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]     "cumulativeGasUsed": 21000,
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]     "effectiveGasPrice": "0x3b9aca00",
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]     "gasUsed": 21000,
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]     "logs": [],
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]     "logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]     "type": "0x0",
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]     "status": true,
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]     "contractAddress": null
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7]   }
[13:30:14.705] [eth#7] }

(after)

[12:04:24.451] [npx#7] {
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]   "blockHash": "0xb290dfbacc7c8538106e0ecb5b6e015a8583c661c888b30d713f4aa7f4db7ece",
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]   "blockNumber": 3,
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]   "from": "0x6ce4d79d4E77402e1ef3417Fdda433aA744C6e1c",
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]   "gas": 123001,
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]   "gasPrice": "1000000000",
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]   "hash": "0xed3f112ddb9c9adcffbebe094c3f0e515b98f74f794f7f80663a2c3b20ab9d8f",
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]   "input": "0x",
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]   "nonce": 0,
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]   "to": "0xB53dc01974176E5dFf2298C5a94343c2585E3c54",
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]   "transactionIndex": 0,
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]   "value": "9998000000000000000000",
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]   "v": "0x950a",
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]   "r": "0x65e11181d186428dab962e22b584a36bbba246b41c69189aec0b3478cbadec3a",
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]   "s": "0x56669beb8761b78df6ee0df710d3f8cee9593f3d2871e4ffa189787c50e0ba7d",
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]   "receipt": {
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]     "transactionHash": "0xed3f112ddb9c9adcffbebe094c3f0e515b98f74f794f7f80663a2c3b20ab9d8f",
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]     "transactionIndex": 0,
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]     "blockHash": "0xb290dfbacc7c8538106e0ecb5b6e015a8583c661c888b30d713f4aa7f4db7ece",
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]     "blockNumber": 3,
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]     "from": "0x6ce4d79d4e77402e1ef3417fdda433aa744c6e1c",
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]     "to": "0xb53dc01974176e5dff2298c5a94343c2585e3c54",
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]     "cumulativeGasUsed": 123001,
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]     "effectiveGasPrice": "0x3b9aca00",
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]     "gasUsed": 123001,
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]     "logs": [],
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]     "logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]     "type": "0x0",
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]     "status": true,
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]     "contractAddress": null
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7]   }
[12:04:24.451] [npx#7] }

Checklist

• Document the interface of any function added or modified (see the coding guidelines)
• Document any change to the user interface, including configuration parameters (see node configuration)
• Provide automatic testing (see the testing guide).
• For new features and bug fixes, add an item in the appropriate changelog (docs/protocols/alpha.rst for the protocol and the environment, CHANGES.rst at the root of the repository for everything else).
• Select suitable reviewers using the Reviewers field below.
• Select as Assignee the next person who should take action on that MR