Fix ActiveRecord Enum patch for Rails 7.2

What does this MR do and why?

The code was refactored in Rails 7.2 so we need to update our patch

References

• &17620 (closed)

How to set up and validate locally

BUNDLE_GEMFILE=Gemfile.next bundle exec rake lint:static_verification_with_database

This would fail because the role column on User is already ignored. I'll also open a separate MR to actually remove that enum.

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