Abstract
The baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) analysis from the first year of data from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), when combined with data from the cosmic microwave background (CMB), has placed an upper-limit on the sum of neutrino masses, ∑mν < 70 meV (95%). In addition to excluding the minimum sum associated with the inverted hierarchy, the posterior is peaked at ∑mν = 0 and is close to excluding even the minumum sum, 58 meV at 2σ. In this paper, we explore the implications of this data for cosmology and particle physics. The sum of neutrino mass is determined in cosmology from the suppression of clustering in the late universe. Allowing the clustering to be enhanced, we extended the DESI analysis to ∑mν < 0 and find ∑mν =160±90 meV (68%), and that the suppression of power from the minimum sum of neutrino masses is excluded at 99% confidence. We show this preference for negative masses makes it challenging to explain the result by a shift of cosmic parameters, such as the optical depth or matter density. We then show how a result of ∑mν = 0 could arise from new physics in the neutrino sector, including decay, cooling, and/or time-dependent masses. These models are consistent with current observations but imply new physics that is accessible in a wide range of experiments. In addition, we discuss how an apparent signal with ∑mν < 0 can arise from new long range forces in the dark sector or from a primordial trispectrum that resembles the signal of CMB lensing.
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Acknowledgments
We are grateful to Kim Berghaus, Tim Cohen, Raphael Flauger, George Fuller, Peter Graham, Jiashu Han, Colin Hill, Mustapha Ishak, Thomas Konstandin, Tongyan Lin, and Ben Wallisch for helpful discussions. NC is supported by the US Department of Energy under grant DE-SC0011702. DG is supported by the US Department of Energy under grant DE-SC0009919. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, National Quantum Information Science Research Centers, Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center (SQMS) under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359. S.R. is also supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. PHY-1818899, the Simons Investigator Grant No. 827042, and by the DOE under a QuantISED grant for MAGIS and Fermilab. JM is supported by the US Department of Energy under grant DE-SC0010129. Computational resources for this research were provided by SMU’s Center for Research Computing. We acknowledge the use of CAMB [32], CLASS [34], IPython [149], and the Python packages Matplotlib [150], NumPy [151], and SciPy [152].
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Craig, N., Green, D., Meyers, J. et al. No νs is Good News. J. High Energ. Phys. 2024, 97 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2024)097
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2024)097