encoding_rs 0.4.0

// Copyright 2015-2016 Mozilla Foundation. See the COPYRIGHT
// file at the top-level directory of this distribution.
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 <LICENSE-APACHE or
// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0> or the MIT license
// <LICENSE-MIT or https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT>, at your
// option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed
// except according to those terms.

//! This module provides structs that use lifetimes to couple bounds checking
//! and space availability checking and detaching those from actual slice
//! reading/writing.
//!
//! At present, the internals of the implementation are safe code, so the
//! bound checks currently also happen on read/write. Once this code works,
//! the plan is to replace the internals with unsafe code that omits the
//! bound check at the read/write time.

use super::DecoderResult;
use super::EncoderResult;
use ascii::*;
use utf_8::utf8_valid_up_to;
use utf_8::convert_utf8_to_utf16_up_to_invalid;

pub enum Space<T> {
    Available(T),
    Full(usize),
}

pub enum CopyAsciiResult<T, U> {
    Stop(T),
    GoOn(U),
}

pub enum NonAscii {
    BmpExclAscii(u16),
    Astral(char),
}

pub enum Unicode {
    Ascii(u8),
    NonAscii(NonAscii),
}

// Byte source

pub struct ByteSource<'a> {
    slice: &'a [u8],
    pos: usize,
}

impl<'a> ByteSource<'a> {
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn new(src: &[u8]) -> ByteSource {
        ByteSource {
            slice: src,
            pos: 0,
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn check_available<'b>(&'b mut self) -> Space<ByteReadHandle<'b, 'a>> {
        if self.pos < self.slice.len() {
            Space::Available(ByteReadHandle::new(self))
        } else {
            Space::Full(self.consumed())
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn read(&mut self) -> u8 {
        let ret = self.slice[self.pos];
        self.pos += 1;
        ret
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn unread(&mut self) -> usize {
        self.pos -= 1;
        self.pos
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn consumed(&self) -> usize {
        self.pos
    }
}

pub struct ByteReadHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    source: &'a mut ByteSource<'b>,
}

impl<'a, 'b> ByteReadHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn new(src: &'a mut ByteSource<'b>) -> ByteReadHandle<'a, 'b> {
        ByteReadHandle { source: src }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn read(self) -> (u8, ByteUnreadHandle<'a, 'b>) {
        let byte = self.source.read();
        let handle = ByteUnreadHandle::new(self.source);
        (byte, handle)
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn consumed(&self) -> usize {
        self.source.consumed()
    }
}

pub struct ByteUnreadHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    source: &'a mut ByteSource<'b>,
}

impl<'a, 'b> ByteUnreadHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn new(src: &'a mut ByteSource<'b>) -> ByteUnreadHandle<'a, 'b> {
        ByteUnreadHandle { source: src }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn unread(self) -> usize {
        self.source.unread()
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn consumed(&self) -> usize {
        self.source.consumed()
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn commit(self) -> &'a mut ByteSource<'b> {
        self.source
    }
}

// UTF-16 destination

pub struct Utf16BmpHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    dest: &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b>,
}

impl<'a, 'b> Utf16BmpHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn new(dst: &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b>) -> Utf16BmpHandle<'a, 'b> {
        Utf16BmpHandle { dest: dst }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn written(&self) -> usize {
        self.dest.written()
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_ascii(self, ascii: u8) -> &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_ascii(ascii);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_bmp(self, bmp: u16) -> &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_bmp(bmp);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_bmp_excl_ascii(self, bmp: u16) -> &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_bmp_excl_ascii(bmp);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_mid_bmp(self, bmp: u16) -> &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_mid_bmp(bmp);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_upper_bmp(self, bmp: u16) -> &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_upper_bmp(bmp);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn commit(self) -> &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b> {
        self.dest
    }
}

pub struct Utf16AstralHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    dest: &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b>,
}

impl<'a, 'b> Utf16AstralHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn new(dst: &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b>) -> Utf16AstralHandle<'a, 'b> {
        Utf16AstralHandle { dest: dst }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn written(&self) -> usize {
        self.dest.written()
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_ascii(self, ascii: u8) -> &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_ascii(ascii);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_bmp(self, bmp: u16) -> &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_bmp(bmp);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_bmp_excl_ascii(self, bmp: u16) -> &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_bmp_excl_ascii(bmp);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_upper_bmp(self, bmp: u16) -> &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_upper_bmp(bmp);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_astral(self, astral: u32) -> &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_astral(astral);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_surrogate_pair(self, high: u16, low: u16) -> &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_surrogate_pair(high, low);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_big5_combination(self,
                                  combined: u16,
                                  combining: u16)
                                  -> &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_big5_combination(combined, combining);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn commit(self) -> &'a mut Utf16Destination<'b> {
        self.dest
    }
}

pub struct Utf16Destination<'a> {
    slice: &'a mut [u16],
    pos: usize,
}

impl<'a> Utf16Destination<'a> {
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn new(dst: &mut [u16]) -> Utf16Destination {
        Utf16Destination {
            slice: dst,
            pos: 0,
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn check_space_bmp<'b>(&'b mut self) -> Space<Utf16BmpHandle<'b, 'a>> {
        if self.pos < self.slice.len() {
            Space::Available(Utf16BmpHandle::new(self))
        } else {
            Space::Full(self.written())
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn check_space_astral<'b>(&'b mut self) -> Space<Utf16AstralHandle<'b, 'a>> {
        if self.pos + 1 < self.slice.len() {
            Space::Available(Utf16AstralHandle::new(self))
        } else {
            Space::Full(self.written())
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn written(&self) -> usize {
        self.pos
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_code_unit(&mut self, u: u16) {
        unsafe {
            // OK, because we checked before handing out a handle.
            *(self.slice.get_unchecked_mut(self.pos)) = u;
        }
        self.pos += 1;
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_ascii(&mut self, ascii: u8) {
        debug_assert!(ascii < 0x80);
        self.write_code_unit(ascii as u16);
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_bmp(&mut self, bmp: u16) {
        self.write_code_unit(bmp);
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_bmp_excl_ascii(&mut self, bmp: u16) {
        debug_assert!(bmp >= 0x80);
        self.write_code_unit(bmp);
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_mid_bmp(&mut self, bmp: u16) {
        debug_assert!(bmp >= 0x80); // XXX
        self.write_code_unit(bmp);
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_upper_bmp(&mut self, bmp: u16) {
        debug_assert!(bmp >= 0x80);
        self.write_code_unit(bmp);
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_astral(&mut self, astral: u32) {
        debug_assert!(astral > 0xFFFF);
        debug_assert!(astral <= 0x10FFFF);
        self.write_code_unit((0xD7C0 + (astral >> 10)) as u16);
        self.write_code_unit((0xDC00 + (astral & 0x3FF)) as u16);
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_surrogate_pair(&mut self, high: u16, low: u16) {
        self.write_code_unit(high);
        self.write_code_unit(low);
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_big5_combination(&mut self, combined: u16, combining: u16) {
        self.write_bmp_excl_ascii(combined);
        self.write_bmp_excl_ascii(combining);
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn copy_ascii_from_check_space_bmp<'b>
        (&'b mut self,
         source: &mut ByteSource)
         -> CopyAsciiResult<(DecoderResult, usize, usize), (u8, Utf16BmpHandle<'b, 'a>)> {
        let non_ascii_ret = {
            let src_remaining = &source.slice[source.pos..];
            let mut dst_remaining = &mut self.slice[self.pos..];
            let (pending, length) = if dst_remaining.len() < src_remaining.len() {
                (DecoderResult::OutputFull, dst_remaining.len())
            } else {
                (DecoderResult::InputEmpty, src_remaining.len())
            };
            match unsafe {
                ascii_to_basic_latin(src_remaining.as_ptr(), dst_remaining.as_mut_ptr(), length)
            } {
                None => {
                    source.pos += length;
                    self.pos += length;
                    return CopyAsciiResult::Stop((pending, source.pos, self.pos));
                }
                Some((non_ascii, consumed)) => {
                    source.pos += consumed;
                    self.pos += consumed;
                    source.pos += 1; // +1 for non_ascii
                    non_ascii
                }
            }
        };
        return CopyAsciiResult::GoOn((non_ascii_ret, Utf16BmpHandle::new(self)));
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn copy_ascii_from_check_space_astral<'b>
        (&'b mut self,
         source: &mut ByteSource)
         -> CopyAsciiResult<(DecoderResult, usize, usize), (u8, Utf16AstralHandle<'b, 'a>)> {
        let non_ascii_ret = {
            let dst_len = self.slice.len();
            let src_remaining = &source.slice[source.pos..];
            let mut dst_remaining = &mut self.slice[self.pos..];
            let (pending, length) = if dst_remaining.len() < src_remaining.len() {
                (DecoderResult::OutputFull, dst_remaining.len())
            } else {
                (DecoderResult::InputEmpty, src_remaining.len())
            };
            match unsafe {
                ascii_to_basic_latin(src_remaining.as_ptr(), dst_remaining.as_mut_ptr(), length)
            } {
                None => {
                    source.pos += length;
                    self.pos += length;
                    return CopyAsciiResult::Stop((pending, source.pos, self.pos));
                }
                Some((non_ascii, consumed)) => {
                    source.pos += consumed;
                    self.pos += consumed;
                    if self.pos + 1 < dst_len {
                        source.pos += 1; // +1 for non_ascii
                        non_ascii
                    } else {
                        return CopyAsciiResult::Stop((DecoderResult::OutputFull,
                                                      source.pos,
                                                      self.pos));
                    }
                }
            }
        };
        return CopyAsciiResult::GoOn((non_ascii_ret, Utf16AstralHandle::new(self)));
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn copy_utf8_up_to_invalid_from(&mut self, source: &mut ByteSource) {
        let src_remaining = &source.slice[source.pos..];
        let mut dst_remaining = &mut self.slice[self.pos..];
        let (read, written) = convert_utf8_to_utf16_up_to_invalid(src_remaining, dst_remaining);
        source.pos += read;
        self.pos += written;
    }
}

// UTF-8 destination

pub struct Utf8BmpHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    dest: &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b>,
}

impl<'a, 'b> Utf8BmpHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn new(dst: &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b>) -> Utf8BmpHandle<'a, 'b> {
        Utf8BmpHandle { dest: dst }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn written(&self) -> usize {
        self.dest.written()
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_ascii(self, ascii: u8) -> &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_ascii(ascii);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_bmp(self, bmp: u16) -> &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_bmp(bmp);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_bmp_excl_ascii(self, bmp: u16) -> &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_bmp_excl_ascii(bmp);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_mid_bmp(self, bmp: u16) -> &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_mid_bmp(bmp);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_upper_bmp(self, bmp: u16) -> &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_upper_bmp(bmp);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn commit(self) -> &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b> {
        self.dest
    }
}

pub struct Utf8AstralHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    dest: &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b>,
}

impl<'a, 'b> Utf8AstralHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn new(dst: &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b>) -> Utf8AstralHandle<'a, 'b> {
        Utf8AstralHandle { dest: dst }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn written(&self) -> usize {
        self.dest.written()
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_ascii(self, ascii: u8) -> &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_ascii(ascii);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_bmp(self, bmp: u16) -> &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_bmp(bmp);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_bmp_excl_ascii(self, bmp: u16) -> &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_bmp_excl_ascii(bmp);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_upper_bmp(self, bmp: u16) -> &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_upper_bmp(bmp);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_astral(self, astral: u32) -> &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_astral(astral);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_surrogate_pair(self, high: u16, low: u16) -> &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_surrogate_pair(high, low);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_big5_combination(self,
                                  combined: u16,
                                  combining: u16)
                                  -> &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_big5_combination(combined, combining);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn commit(self) -> &'a mut Utf8Destination<'b> {
        self.dest
    }
}

pub struct Utf8Destination<'a> {
    slice: &'a mut [u8],
    pos: usize,
}

impl<'a> Utf8Destination<'a> {
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn new(dst: &mut [u8]) -> Utf8Destination {
        Utf8Destination {
            slice: dst,
            pos: 0,
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn check_space_bmp<'b>(&'b mut self) -> Space<Utf8BmpHandle<'b, 'a>> {
        if self.pos + 2 < self.slice.len() {
            Space::Available(Utf8BmpHandle::new(self))
        } else {
            Space::Full(self.written())
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn check_space_astral<'b>(&'b mut self) -> Space<Utf8AstralHandle<'b, 'a>> {
        if self.pos + 3 < self.slice.len() {
            Space::Available(Utf8AstralHandle::new(self))
        } else {
            Space::Full(self.written())
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn written(&self) -> usize {
        self.pos
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_code_unit(&mut self, u: u8) {
        unsafe {
            // OK, because we checked before handing out a handle.
            *(self.slice.get_unchecked_mut(self.pos)) = u;
        }
        self.pos += 1;
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_ascii(&mut self, ascii: u8) {
        debug_assert!(ascii < 0x80);
        self.write_code_unit(ascii);
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_bmp(&mut self, bmp: u16) {
        if bmp < 0x80u16 {
            self.write_ascii(bmp as u8);
        } else if bmp < 0x800u16 {
            self.write_mid_bmp(bmp);
        } else {
            self.write_upper_bmp(bmp);
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_mid_bmp(&mut self, mid_bmp: u16) {
        debug_assert!(mid_bmp >= 0x80);
        debug_assert!(mid_bmp < 0x800);
        self.write_code_unit(((mid_bmp as u32 >> 6) | 0xC0u32) as u8);
        self.write_code_unit(((mid_bmp as u32 & 0x3Fu32) | 0x80u32) as u8);
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_upper_bmp(&mut self, upper_bmp: u16) {
        debug_assert!(upper_bmp >= 0x800);
        self.write_code_unit(((upper_bmp as u32 >> 12) | 0xE0u32) as u8);
        self.write_code_unit((((upper_bmp as u32 & 0xFC0u32) >> 6) | 0x80u32) as u8);
        self.write_code_unit(((upper_bmp as u32 & 0x3Fu32) | 0x80u32) as u8);
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_bmp_excl_ascii(&mut self, bmp: u16) {
        if bmp < 0x800u16 {
            self.write_mid_bmp(bmp);
        } else {
            self.write_upper_bmp(bmp);
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_astral(&mut self, astral: u32) {
        debug_assert!(astral > 0xFFFF);
        debug_assert!(astral <= 0x10FFFF);
        self.write_code_unit(((astral >> 18) | 0xF0u32) as u8);
        self.write_code_unit((((astral & 0x3F000u32) >> 12) | 0x80u32) as u8);
        self.write_code_unit((((astral & 0xFC0u32) >> 6) | 0x80u32) as u8);
        self.write_code_unit(((astral & 0x3Fu32) | 0x80u32) as u8);
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_surrogate_pair(&mut self, high: u16, low: u16) {
        self.write_astral(((high as u32) << 10) + (low as u32) -
                          (((0xD800u32 << 10) - 0x10000u32) + 0xDC00u32));
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_big5_combination(&mut self, combined: u16, combining: u16) {
        self.write_mid_bmp(combined);
        self.write_mid_bmp(combining);
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn copy_ascii_from_check_space_bmp<'b>
        (&'b mut self,
         source: &mut ByteSource)
         -> CopyAsciiResult<(DecoderResult, usize, usize), (u8, Utf8BmpHandle<'b, 'a>)> {
        let non_ascii_ret = {
            let dst_len = self.slice.len();
            let src_remaining = &source.slice[source.pos..];
            let mut dst_remaining = &mut self.slice[self.pos..];
            let (pending, length) = if dst_remaining.len() < src_remaining.len() {
                (DecoderResult::OutputFull, dst_remaining.len())
            } else {
                (DecoderResult::InputEmpty, src_remaining.len())
            };
            match unsafe {
                ascii_to_ascii(src_remaining.as_ptr(), dst_remaining.as_mut_ptr(), length)
            } {
                None => {
                    source.pos += length;
                    self.pos += length;
                    return CopyAsciiResult::Stop((pending, source.pos, self.pos));
                }
                Some((non_ascii, consumed)) => {
                    source.pos += consumed;
                    self.pos += consumed;
                    if self.pos + 2 < dst_len {
                        source.pos += 1; // +1 for non_ascii
                        non_ascii
                    } else {
                        return CopyAsciiResult::Stop((DecoderResult::OutputFull,
                                                      source.pos,
                                                      self.pos));
                    }
                }
            }
        };
        return CopyAsciiResult::GoOn((non_ascii_ret, Utf8BmpHandle::new(self)));
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn copy_ascii_from_check_space_astral<'b>
        (&'b mut self,
         source: &mut ByteSource)
         -> CopyAsciiResult<(DecoderResult, usize, usize), (u8, Utf8AstralHandle<'b, 'a>)> {
        let non_ascii_ret = {
            let dst_len = self.slice.len();
            let src_remaining = &source.slice[source.pos..];
            let mut dst_remaining = &mut self.slice[self.pos..];
            let (pending, length) = if dst_remaining.len() < src_remaining.len() {
                (DecoderResult::OutputFull, dst_remaining.len())
            } else {
                (DecoderResult::InputEmpty, src_remaining.len())
            };
            match unsafe {
                ascii_to_ascii(src_remaining.as_ptr(), dst_remaining.as_mut_ptr(), length)
            } {
                None => {
                    source.pos += length;
                    self.pos += length;
                    return CopyAsciiResult::Stop((pending, source.pos, self.pos));
                }
                Some((non_ascii, consumed)) => {
                    source.pos += consumed;
                    self.pos += consumed;
                    if self.pos + 3 < dst_len {
                        source.pos += 1; // +1 for non_ascii
                        non_ascii
                    } else {
                        return CopyAsciiResult::Stop((DecoderResult::OutputFull,
                                                      source.pos,
                                                      self.pos));
                    }
                }
            }
        };
        return CopyAsciiResult::GoOn((non_ascii_ret, Utf8AstralHandle::new(self)));
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn copy_utf8_up_to_invalid_from(&mut self, source: &mut ByteSource) {
        let src_remaining = &source.slice[source.pos..];
        let mut dst_remaining = &mut self.slice[self.pos..];
        let min_len = ::std::cmp::min(src_remaining.len(), dst_remaining.len());
        // Validate first, then memcpy to let memcpy do its thing even for
        // non-ASCII. (And potentially do something better than SSE2 for ASCII.)
        let valid_len = utf8_valid_up_to(&src_remaining[..min_len]);
        unsafe {
            ::std::ptr::copy_nonoverlapping(src_remaining.as_ptr(),
                                            dst_remaining.as_mut_ptr(),
                                            valid_len);
        }
        source.pos += valid_len;
        self.pos += valid_len;
    }
}

// UTF-16 source

pub struct Utf16Source<'a> {
    slice: &'a [u16],
    pos: usize,
    old_pos: usize,
}

impl<'a> Utf16Source<'a> {
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn new(src: &[u16]) -> Utf16Source {
        Utf16Source {
            slice: src,
            pos: 0,
            old_pos: 0,
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn check_available<'b>(&'b mut self) -> Space<Utf16ReadHandle<'b, 'a>> {
        if self.pos < self.slice.len() {
            Space::Available(Utf16ReadHandle::new(self))
        } else {
            Space::Full(self.consumed())
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn read(&mut self) -> char {
        self.old_pos = self.pos;
        let unit = self.slice[self.pos] as u32;
        self.pos += 1;
        let unit_minus_surrogate_start = unit.wrapping_sub(0xD800);
        if unit_minus_surrogate_start > (0xDFFF - 0xD800) {
            return unsafe { ::std::mem::transmute(unit) };
        }
        if unit_minus_surrogate_start <= (0xDFFF - 0xDBFF) {
            // high surrogate
            if self.pos < self.slice.len() {
                let second = self.slice[self.pos] as u32;
                let second_minus_low_surrogate_start = second.wrapping_sub(0xDC00);
                if second_minus_low_surrogate_start <= (0xDFFF - 0xDC00) {
                    // The next code unit is a low surrogate. Advance position.
                    self.pos += 1;
                    return unsafe {
                        ::std::mem::transmute((unit << 10) + second -
                                              (((0xD800u32 << 10) - 0x10000u32) + 0xDC00u32))
                    };
                }
                // The next code unit is not a low surrogate. Don't advance
                // position and treat the high surrogate as unpaired.
                // fall through
            }
            // Unpaired surrogate at the end of buffer, fall through
        }
        // Unpaired low surrogate
        return '\u{FFFD}';
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn read_enum(&mut self) -> Unicode {
        self.old_pos = self.pos;
        let unit = self.slice[self.pos];
        self.pos += 1;
        if unit < 0x80 {
            return Unicode::Ascii(unit as u8);
        }
        let unit_minus_surrogate_start = unit.wrapping_sub(0xD800);
        if unit_minus_surrogate_start > (0xDFFF - 0xD800) {
            return Unicode::NonAscii(NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(unit));
        }
        if unit_minus_surrogate_start <= (0xDFFF - 0xDBFF) {
            // high surrogate
            if self.pos < self.slice.len() {
                let second = self.slice[self.pos] as u32;
                let second_minus_low_surrogate_start = second.wrapping_sub(0xDC00);
                if second_minus_low_surrogate_start <= (0xDFFF - 0xDC00) {
                    // The next code unit is a low surrogate. Advance position.
                    self.pos += 1;
                    return Unicode::NonAscii(NonAscii::Astral(unsafe {
                        ::std::mem::transmute(((unit as u32) << 10) + (second as u32) -
                                              (((0xD800u32 << 10) - 0x10000u32) + 0xDC00u32))
                    }));
                }
                // The next code unit is not a low surrogate. Don't advance
                // position and treat the high surrogate as unpaired.
                // fall through
            }
            // Unpaired surrogate at the end of buffer, fall through
        }
        // Unpaired low surrogate
        return Unicode::NonAscii(NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(0xFFFDu16));
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn unread(&mut self) -> usize {
        self.pos = self.old_pos;
        self.pos
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn consumed(&self) -> usize {
        self.pos
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn copy_ascii_to_check_space_two<'b>
        (&mut self,
         dest: &'b mut ByteDestination<'a>)
         -> CopyAsciiResult<(EncoderResult, usize, usize), (NonAscii, ByteTwoHandle<'b, 'a>)> {
        let non_ascii_ret = {
            let dst_len = dest.slice.len();
            let src_remaining = &self.slice[self.pos..];
            let mut dst_remaining = &mut dest.slice[dest.pos..];
            let (pending, length) = if dst_remaining.len() < src_remaining.len() {
                (EncoderResult::OutputFull, dst_remaining.len())
            } else {
                (EncoderResult::InputEmpty, src_remaining.len())
            };
            match unsafe {
                basic_latin_to_ascii(src_remaining.as_ptr(), dst_remaining.as_mut_ptr(), length)
            } {
                None => {
                    self.pos += length;
                    dest.pos += length;
                    return CopyAsciiResult::Stop((pending, self.pos, dest.pos));
                }
                Some((non_ascii, consumed)) => {
                    self.pos += consumed;
                    dest.pos += consumed;
                    if dest.pos + 1 < dst_len {
                        self.pos += 1; // commit to reading `non_ascii`
                        let unit = non_ascii;
                        let unit_minus_surrogate_start = unit.wrapping_sub(0xD800);
                        if unit_minus_surrogate_start > (0xDFFF - 0xD800) {
                            NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(unit)
                        } else if unit_minus_surrogate_start <= (0xDFFF - 0xDBFF) {
                            // high surrogate
                            if self.pos < self.slice.len() {
                                let second = self.slice[self.pos] as u32;
                                let second_minus_low_surrogate_start = second.wrapping_sub(0xDC00);
                                if second_minus_low_surrogate_start <= (0xDFFF - 0xDC00) {
                                    // The next code unit is a low surrogate. Advance position.
                                    self.pos += 1;
                                    NonAscii::Astral(unsafe {
                                        ::std::mem::transmute(((unit as u32) << 10) +
                                                              (second as u32) -
                                                              (((0xD800u32 << 10) - 0x10000u32) +
                                                               0xDC00u32))
                                    })
                                } else {
                                    // The next code unit is not a low surrogate. Don't advance
                                    // position and treat the high surrogate as unpaired.
                                    NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(0xFFFDu16)
                                }
                            } else {
                                // Unpaired surrogate at the end of the buffer.
                                NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(0xFFFDu16)
                            }
                        } else {
                            // Unpaired low surrogate
                            NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(0xFFFDu16)
                        }
                    } else {
                        return CopyAsciiResult::Stop((EncoderResult::OutputFull,
                                                      self.pos,
                                                      dest.pos));
                    }
                }
            }
        };
        return CopyAsciiResult::GoOn((non_ascii_ret, ByteTwoHandle::new(dest)));
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn copy_ascii_to_check_space_four<'b>
        (&mut self,
         dest: &'b mut ByteDestination<'a>)
         -> CopyAsciiResult<(EncoderResult, usize, usize), (NonAscii, ByteFourHandle<'b, 'a>)> {
        let non_ascii_ret = {
            let dst_len = dest.slice.len();
            let src_remaining = &self.slice[self.pos..];
            let mut dst_remaining = &mut dest.slice[dest.pos..];
            let (pending, length) = if dst_remaining.len() < src_remaining.len() {
                (EncoderResult::OutputFull, dst_remaining.len())
            } else {
                (EncoderResult::InputEmpty, src_remaining.len())
            };
            match unsafe {
                basic_latin_to_ascii(src_remaining.as_ptr(), dst_remaining.as_mut_ptr(), length)
            } {
                None => {
                    self.pos += length;
                    dest.pos += length;
                    return CopyAsciiResult::Stop((pending, self.pos, dest.pos));
                }
                Some((non_ascii, consumed)) => {
                    self.pos += consumed;
                    dest.pos += consumed;
                    if dest.pos + 3 < dst_len {
                        self.pos += 1; // commit to reading `non_ascii`
                        let unit = non_ascii;
                        let unit_minus_surrogate_start = unit.wrapping_sub(0xD800);
                        if unit_minus_surrogate_start > (0xDFFF - 0xD800) {
                            NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(unit)
                        } else if unit_minus_surrogate_start <= (0xDFFF - 0xDBFF) {
                            // high surrogate
                            if self.pos == self.slice.len() {
                                // Unpaired surrogate at the end of the buffer.
                                NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(0xFFFDu16)
                            } else {
                                let second = self.slice[self.pos] as u32;
                                let second_minus_low_surrogate_start = second.wrapping_sub(0xDC00);
                                if second_minus_low_surrogate_start <= (0xDFFF - 0xDC00) {
                                    // The next code unit is a low surrogate. Advance position.
                                    self.pos += 1;
                                    NonAscii::Astral(unsafe {
                                        ::std::mem::transmute(((unit as u32) << 10) +
                                                              (second as u32) -
                                                              (((0xD800u32 << 10) - 0x10000u32) +
                                                               0xDC00u32))
                                    })
                                } else {
                                    // The next code unit is not a low surrogate. Don't advance
                                    // position and treat the high surrogate as unpaired.
                                    NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(0xFFFDu16)
                                }
                            }
                        } else {
                            // Unpaired low surrogate
                            NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(0xFFFDu16)
                        }
                    } else {
                        return CopyAsciiResult::Stop((EncoderResult::OutputFull,
                                                      self.pos,
                                                      dest.pos));
                    }
                }
            }
        };
        return CopyAsciiResult::GoOn((non_ascii_ret, ByteFourHandle::new(dest)));
    }
}

pub struct Utf16ReadHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    source: &'a mut Utf16Source<'b>,
}

impl<'a, 'b> Utf16ReadHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn new(src: &'a mut Utf16Source<'b>) -> Utf16ReadHandle<'a, 'b> {
        Utf16ReadHandle { source: src }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn read(self) -> (char, Utf16UnreadHandle<'a, 'b>) {
        let character = self.source.read();
        let handle = Utf16UnreadHandle::new(self.source);
        (character, handle)
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn read_enum(self) -> (Unicode, Utf16UnreadHandle<'a, 'b>) {
        let character = self.source.read_enum();
        let handle = Utf16UnreadHandle::new(self.source);
        (character, handle)
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn consumed(&self) -> usize {
        self.source.consumed()
    }
}

pub struct Utf16UnreadHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    source: &'a mut Utf16Source<'b>,
}

impl<'a, 'b> Utf16UnreadHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn new(src: &'a mut Utf16Source<'b>) -> Utf16UnreadHandle<'a, 'b> {
        Utf16UnreadHandle { source: src }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn unread(self) -> usize {
        self.source.unread()
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn consumed(&self) -> usize {
        self.source.consumed()
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn commit(self) -> &'a mut Utf16Source<'b> {
        self.source
    }
}

// UTF-8 source

pub struct Utf8Source<'a> {
    slice: &'a [u8],
    pos: usize,
    old_pos: usize,
}

impl<'a> Utf8Source<'a> {
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn new(src: &str) -> Utf8Source {
        Utf8Source {
            slice: src.as_bytes(),
            pos: 0,
            old_pos: 0,
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn check_available<'b>(&'b mut self) -> Space<Utf8ReadHandle<'b, 'a>> {
        if self.pos < self.slice.len() {
            Space::Available(Utf8ReadHandle::new(self))
        } else {
            Space::Full(self.consumed())
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn read(&mut self) -> char {
        self.old_pos = self.pos;
        let unit = self.slice[self.pos] as u32;
        if unit < 0x80u32 {
            self.pos += 1;
            return unsafe { ::std::mem::transmute(unit) };
        }
        if unit < 0xE0u32 {
            let point = ((unit & 0x1Fu32) << 6) | (self.slice[self.pos + 1] as u32 & 0x3Fu32);
            self.pos += 2;
            return unsafe { ::std::mem::transmute(point) };
        }
        if unit < 0xF0u32 {
            let point = ((unit & 0xFu32) << 12) |
                        ((self.slice[self.pos + 1] as u32 & 0x3Fu32) << 6) |
                        (self.slice[self.pos + 2] as u32 & 0x3Fu32);
            self.pos += 3;
            return unsafe { ::std::mem::transmute(point) };
        }
        let point = ((unit & 0x7u32) << 18) | ((self.slice[self.pos + 1] as u32 & 0x3Fu32) << 12) |
                    ((self.slice[self.pos + 2] as u32 & 0x3Fu32) << 6) |
                    (self.slice[self.pos + 3] as u32 & 0x3Fu32);
        self.pos += 4;
        return unsafe { ::std::mem::transmute(point) };
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn read_enum(&mut self) -> Unicode {
        self.old_pos = self.pos;
        let unit = self.slice[self.pos];
        if unit < 0x80u8 {
            self.pos += 1;
            return Unicode::Ascii(unit);
        }
        if unit < 0xE0u8 {
            let point = (((unit as u32) & 0x1Fu32) << 6) |
                        (self.slice[self.pos + 1] as u32 & 0x3Fu32);
            self.pos += 2;
            return Unicode::NonAscii(NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(point as u16));
        }
        if unit < 0xF0u8 {
            let point = (((unit as u32) & 0xFu32) << 12) |
                        ((self.slice[self.pos + 1] as u32 & 0x3Fu32) << 6) |
                        (self.slice[self.pos + 2] as u32 & 0x3Fu32);
            self.pos += 3;
            return Unicode::NonAscii(NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(point as u16));
        }
        let point = (((unit as u32) & 0x7u32) << 18) |
                    ((self.slice[self.pos + 1] as u32 & 0x3Fu32) << 12) |
                    ((self.slice[self.pos + 2] as u32 & 0x3Fu32) << 6) |
                    (self.slice[self.pos + 3] as u32 & 0x3Fu32);
        self.pos += 4;
        return Unicode::NonAscii(NonAscii::Astral(unsafe { ::std::mem::transmute(point) }));
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn unread(&mut self) -> usize {
        self.pos = self.old_pos;
        self.pos
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn consumed(&self) -> usize {
        self.pos
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn copy_ascii_to_check_space_one<'b>
        (&mut self,
         dest: &'b mut ByteDestination<'a>)
         -> CopyAsciiResult<(EncoderResult, usize, usize), (NonAscii, ByteOneHandle<'b, 'a>)> {
        let non_ascii_ret = {
            let src_remaining = &self.slice[self.pos..];
            let mut dst_remaining = &mut dest.slice[dest.pos..];
            let (pending, length) = if dst_remaining.len() < src_remaining.len() {
                (EncoderResult::OutputFull, dst_remaining.len())
            } else {
                (EncoderResult::InputEmpty, src_remaining.len())
            };
            match unsafe {
                ascii_to_ascii(src_remaining.as_ptr(), dst_remaining.as_mut_ptr(), length)
            } {
                None => {
                    self.pos += length;
                    dest.pos += length;
                    return CopyAsciiResult::Stop((pending, self.pos, dest.pos));
                }
                Some((non_ascii, consumed)) => {
                    self.pos += consumed;
                    dest.pos += consumed;
                    // We don't need to check space in destination, because
                    // `ascii_to_ascii()` already did.
                    let non_ascii32 = non_ascii as u32;
                    if non_ascii32 < 0xE0u32 {
                        let point = ((non_ascii32 & 0x1Fu32) << 6) |
                                    (self.slice[self.pos + 1] as u32 & 0x3Fu32);
                        self.pos += 2;
                        NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(point as u16)
                    } else if non_ascii32 < 0xF0u32 {
                        let point = ((non_ascii32 & 0xFu32) << 12) |
                                    ((self.slice[self.pos + 1] as u32 & 0x3Fu32) << 6) |
                                    (self.slice[self.pos + 2] as u32 & 0x3Fu32);
                        self.pos += 3;
                        NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(point as u16)
                    } else {
                        let point = ((non_ascii32 & 0x7u32) << 18) |
                                    ((self.slice[self.pos + 1] as u32 & 0x3Fu32) << 12) |
                                    ((self.slice[self.pos + 2] as u32 & 0x3Fu32) << 6) |
                                    (self.slice[self.pos + 3] as u32 & 0x3Fu32);
                        self.pos += 4;
                        NonAscii::Astral(unsafe { ::std::mem::transmute(point) })
                    }
                }
            }
        };
        return CopyAsciiResult::GoOn((non_ascii_ret, ByteOneHandle::new(dest)));
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn copy_ascii_to_check_space_two<'b>
        (&mut self,
         dest: &'b mut ByteDestination<'a>)
         -> CopyAsciiResult<(EncoderResult, usize, usize), (NonAscii, ByteTwoHandle<'b, 'a>)> {
        let non_ascii_ret = {
            let dst_len = dest.slice.len();
            let src_remaining = &self.slice[self.pos..];
            let mut dst_remaining = &mut dest.slice[dest.pos..];
            let (pending, length) = if dst_remaining.len() < src_remaining.len() {
                (EncoderResult::OutputFull, dst_remaining.len())
            } else {
                (EncoderResult::InputEmpty, src_remaining.len())
            };
            match unsafe {
                ascii_to_ascii(src_remaining.as_ptr(), dst_remaining.as_mut_ptr(), length)
            } {
                None => {
                    self.pos += length;
                    dest.pos += length;
                    return CopyAsciiResult::Stop((pending, self.pos, dest.pos));
                }
                Some((non_ascii, consumed)) => {
                    self.pos += consumed;
                    dest.pos += consumed;
                    if dest.pos + 1 < dst_len {
                        let non_ascii32 = non_ascii as u32;
                        if non_ascii32 < 0xE0u32 {
                            let point = ((non_ascii32 & 0x1Fu32) << 6) |
                                        (self.slice[self.pos + 1] as u32 & 0x3Fu32);
                            self.pos += 2;
                            NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(point as u16)
                        } else if non_ascii32 < 0xF0u32 {
                            let point = ((non_ascii32 & 0xFu32) << 12) |
                                        ((self.slice[self.pos + 1] as u32 & 0x3Fu32) << 6) |
                                        (self.slice[self.pos + 2] as u32 & 0x3Fu32);
                            self.pos += 3;
                            NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(point as u16)
                        } else {
                            let point = ((non_ascii32 & 0x7u32) << 18) |
                                        ((self.slice[self.pos + 1] as u32 & 0x3Fu32) << 12) |
                                        ((self.slice[self.pos + 2] as u32 & 0x3Fu32) << 6) |
                                        (self.slice[self.pos + 3] as u32 & 0x3Fu32);
                            self.pos += 4;
                            NonAscii::Astral(unsafe { ::std::mem::transmute(point) })
                        }
                    } else {
                        return CopyAsciiResult::Stop((EncoderResult::OutputFull,
                                                      self.pos,
                                                      dest.pos));
                    }
                }
            }
        };
        return CopyAsciiResult::GoOn((non_ascii_ret, ByteTwoHandle::new(dest)));
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn copy_ascii_to_check_space_four<'b>
        (&mut self,
         dest: &'b mut ByteDestination<'a>)
         -> CopyAsciiResult<(EncoderResult, usize, usize), (NonAscii, ByteFourHandle<'b, 'a>)> {
        let non_ascii_ret = {
            let dst_len = dest.slice.len();
            let src_remaining = &self.slice[self.pos..];
            let mut dst_remaining = &mut dest.slice[dest.pos..];
            let (pending, length) = if dst_remaining.len() < src_remaining.len() {
                (EncoderResult::OutputFull, dst_remaining.len())
            } else {
                (EncoderResult::InputEmpty, src_remaining.len())
            };
            match unsafe {
                ascii_to_ascii(src_remaining.as_ptr(), dst_remaining.as_mut_ptr(), length)
            } {
                None => {
                    self.pos += length;
                    dest.pos += length;
                    return CopyAsciiResult::Stop((pending, self.pos, dest.pos));
                }
                Some((non_ascii, consumed)) => {
                    self.pos += consumed;
                    dest.pos += consumed;
                    if dest.pos + 3 < dst_len {
                        let non_ascii32 = non_ascii as u32;
                        if non_ascii32 < 0xE0u32 {
                            let point = ((non_ascii32 & 0x1Fu32) << 6) |
                                        (self.slice[self.pos + 1] as u32 & 0x3Fu32);
                            self.pos += 2;
                            NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(point as u16)
                        } else if non_ascii32 < 0xF0u32 {
                            let point = ((non_ascii32 & 0xFu32) << 12) |
                                        ((self.slice[self.pos + 1] as u32 & 0x3Fu32) << 6) |
                                        (self.slice[self.pos + 2] as u32 & 0x3Fu32);
                            self.pos += 3;
                            NonAscii::BmpExclAscii(point as u16)
                        } else {
                            let point = ((non_ascii32 & 0x7u32) << 18) |
                                        ((self.slice[self.pos + 1] as u32 & 0x3Fu32) << 12) |
                                        ((self.slice[self.pos + 2] as u32 & 0x3Fu32) << 6) |
                                        (self.slice[self.pos + 3] as u32 & 0x3Fu32);
                            self.pos += 4;
                            NonAscii::Astral(unsafe { ::std::mem::transmute(point) })
                        }
                    } else {
                        return CopyAsciiResult::Stop((EncoderResult::OutputFull,
                                                      self.pos,
                                                      dest.pos));
                    }
                }
            }
        };
        return CopyAsciiResult::GoOn((non_ascii_ret, ByteFourHandle::new(dest)));
    }
}

pub struct Utf8ReadHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    source: &'a mut Utf8Source<'b>,
}

impl<'a, 'b> Utf8ReadHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn new(src: &'a mut Utf8Source<'b>) -> Utf8ReadHandle<'a, 'b> {
        Utf8ReadHandle { source: src }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn read(self) -> (char, Utf8UnreadHandle<'a, 'b>) {
        let character = self.source.read();
        let handle = Utf8UnreadHandle::new(self.source);
        (character, handle)
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn read_enum(self) -> (Unicode, Utf8UnreadHandle<'a, 'b>) {
        let character = self.source.read_enum();
        let handle = Utf8UnreadHandle::new(self.source);
        (character, handle)
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn consumed(&self) -> usize {
        self.source.consumed()
    }
}

pub struct Utf8UnreadHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    source: &'a mut Utf8Source<'b>,
}

impl<'a, 'b> Utf8UnreadHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn new(src: &'a mut Utf8Source<'b>) -> Utf8UnreadHandle<'a, 'b> {
        Utf8UnreadHandle { source: src }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn unread(self) -> usize {
        self.source.unread()
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn consumed(&self) -> usize {
        self.source.consumed()
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn commit(self) -> &'a mut Utf8Source<'b> {
        self.source
    }
}

// Byte destination

pub struct ByteOneHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    dest: &'a mut ByteDestination<'b>,
}

impl<'a, 'b> ByteOneHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn new(dst: &'a mut ByteDestination<'b>) -> ByteOneHandle<'a, 'b> {
        ByteOneHandle { dest: dst }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn written(&self) -> usize {
        self.dest.written()
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_one(self, first: u8) -> &'a mut ByteDestination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_one(first);
        self.dest
    }
}

pub struct ByteTwoHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    dest: &'a mut ByteDestination<'b>,
}

impl<'a, 'b> ByteTwoHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn new(dst: &'a mut ByteDestination<'b>) -> ByteTwoHandle<'a, 'b> {
        ByteTwoHandle { dest: dst }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn written(&self) -> usize {
        self.dest.written()
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_one(self, first: u8) -> &'a mut ByteDestination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_one(first);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_two(self, first: u8, second: u8) -> &'a mut ByteDestination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_two(first, second);
        self.dest
    }
}

pub struct ByteThreeHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    dest: &'a mut ByteDestination<'b>,
}

impl<'a, 'b> ByteThreeHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn new(dst: &'a mut ByteDestination<'b>) -> ByteThreeHandle<'a, 'b> {
        ByteThreeHandle { dest: dst }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn written(&self) -> usize {
        self.dest.written()
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_one(self, first: u8) -> &'a mut ByteDestination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_one(first);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_two(self, first: u8, second: u8) -> &'a mut ByteDestination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_two(first, second);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_three(self, first: u8, second: u8, third: u8) -> &'a mut ByteDestination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_three(first, second, third);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_three_return_written(self, first: u8, second: u8, third: u8) -> usize {
        self.dest.write_three(first, second, third);
        self.dest.written()
    }
}

pub struct ByteFourHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    dest: &'a mut ByteDestination<'b>,
}

impl<'a, 'b> ByteFourHandle<'a, 'b>
    where 'b: 'a
{
    #[inline(always)]
    fn new(dst: &'a mut ByteDestination<'b>) -> ByteFourHandle<'a, 'b> {
        ByteFourHandle { dest: dst }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn written(&self) -> usize {
        self.dest.written()
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_one(self, first: u8) -> &'a mut ByteDestination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_one(first);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_two(self, first: u8, second: u8) -> &'a mut ByteDestination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_two(first, second);
        self.dest
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn write_four(self,
                      first: u8,
                      second: u8,
                      third: u8,
                      fourth: u8)
                      -> &'a mut ByteDestination<'b> {
        self.dest.write_four(first, second, third, fourth);
        self.dest
    }
}

pub struct ByteDestination<'a> {
    slice: &'a mut [u8],
    pos: usize,
}

impl<'a> ByteDestination<'a> {
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn new(dst: &mut [u8]) -> ByteDestination {
        ByteDestination {
            slice: dst,
            pos: 0,
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn check_space_one<'b>(&'b mut self) -> Space<ByteOneHandle<'b, 'a>> {
        if self.pos < self.slice.len() {
            Space::Available(ByteOneHandle::new(self))
        } else {
            Space::Full(self.written())
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn check_space_two<'b>(&'b mut self) -> Space<ByteTwoHandle<'b, 'a>> {
        if self.pos + 1 < self.slice.len() {
            Space::Available(ByteTwoHandle::new(self))
        } else {
            Space::Full(self.written())
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn check_space_three<'b>(&'b mut self) -> Space<ByteThreeHandle<'b, 'a>> {
        if self.pos + 2 < self.slice.len() {
            Space::Available(ByteThreeHandle::new(self))
        } else {
            Space::Full(self.written())
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn check_space_four<'b>(&'b mut self) -> Space<ByteFourHandle<'b, 'a>> {
        if self.pos + 3 < self.slice.len() {
            Space::Available(ByteFourHandle::new(self))
        } else {
            Space::Full(self.written())
        }
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    pub fn written(&self) -> usize {
        self.pos
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_one(&mut self, first: u8) {
        self.slice[self.pos] = first;
        self.pos += 1;
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_two(&mut self, first: u8, second: u8) {
        self.slice[self.pos] = first;
        self.slice[self.pos + 1] = second;
        self.pos += 2;
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_three(&mut self, first: u8, second: u8, third: u8) {
        self.slice[self.pos] = first;
        self.slice[self.pos + 1] = second;
        self.slice[self.pos + 2] = third;
        self.pos += 3;
    }
    #[inline(always)]
    fn write_four(&mut self, first: u8, second: u8, third: u8, fourth: u8) {
        self.slice[self.pos] = first;
        self.slice[self.pos + 1] = second;
        self.slice[self.pos + 2] = third;
        self.slice[self.pos + 3] = fourth;
        self.pos += 4;
    }
}