diesel 0.4.1

//! AST types representing various typed SQL expressions. Almost all types
//! implement either [`Expression`](trait.Expression.html) or
//! [`AsExpression`](trait.AsExpression.html).
//!
//! The most common expression to work with is a
//! [`Column`](../query_source/trait.Column.html). There are various methods
//! that you can call on these, found in
//! [`expression_methods`](expression_methods/index.html). You can also call
//! numeric operators on types which have been passed to
//! [`operator_allowed!`](../macro.operator_allowed!.html) or
//! [`numeric_expr!`](../macro.numeric_expr!.html).
//!
//! Any primitive which implements [`ToSql`](../types/trait.ToSql.html) will
//! also implement [`AsExpression`](trait.AsExpression.html), allowing it to be
//! used as an argument to any of the methods described here.
#[macro_use]
#[doc(hidden)]
pub mod ops;

#[doc(hidden)]
pub mod aliased;
#[doc(hidden)]
pub mod array_comparison;
#[doc(hidden)]
pub mod bound;
#[doc(hidden)]
pub mod count;
pub mod expression_methods;
pub mod extensions;
#[doc(hidden)]
pub mod functions;
#[doc(hidden)]
pub mod grouped;
pub mod helper_types;
#[doc(hidden)]
pub mod ordering;
#[doc(hidden)]
pub mod predicates;
pub mod sql_literal;

/// Reexports various top level functions and core extensions that are too
/// generic to export by default. This module exists to conveniently glob import
/// in functions where you need them.
pub mod dsl {
    #[doc(inline)]
    pub use super::array_comparison::any;
    #[doc(inline)]
    pub use super::count::{count, count_star};
    #[doc(inline)]
    pub use super::functions::date_and_time::*;
    #[doc(inline)]
    pub use super::functions::aggregate_ordering::*;

    pub use super::extensions::*;
}

pub use self::dsl::*;
pub use self::sql_literal::SqlLiteral;

use query_builder::{QueryBuilder, BuildQueryResult};
use types::NativeSqlType;

/// Represents a typed fragment of SQL. Apps should not need to implement this
/// type directly, but it may be common to use this as type boundaries.
/// Libraries should consider using
/// [`infix_predicate!`](../macro.infix_predicate!.html) or
/// [`postfix_predicate!`](../macro.postfix_predicate!.html) instead of
/// implementing this directly.
pub trait Expression {
    type SqlType: NativeSqlType;

    fn to_sql(&self, out: &mut QueryBuilder) -> BuildQueryResult;

    #[doc(hidden)]
    fn to_insert_sql(&self, out: &mut QueryBuilder) -> BuildQueryResult {
        self.to_sql(out)
    }
}

impl<T: Expression + ?Sized> Expression for Box<T> {
    type SqlType = T::SqlType;

    fn to_sql(&self, out: &mut QueryBuilder) -> BuildQueryResult {
        Expression::to_sql(&**self, out)
    }

    fn to_insert_sql(&self, out: &mut QueryBuilder) -> BuildQueryResult {
        Expression::to_insert_sql(&**self, out)
    }
}

impl<'a, T: Expression + ?Sized> Expression for &'a T {
    type SqlType = T::SqlType;

    fn to_sql(&self, out: &mut QueryBuilder) -> BuildQueryResult {
        Expression::to_sql(&**self, out)
    }

    fn to_insert_sql(&self, out: &mut QueryBuilder) -> BuildQueryResult {
        Expression::to_insert_sql(&**self, out)
    }
}

/// Describes how a type can be represented as an expression for a given type.
/// These types couldn't just implement [`Expression`](trait.Expression.html)
/// directly, as many things can be used as an expression of multiple types.
/// (`String` for example, can be used as either
/// [`VarChar`](../types/struct.VarChar.html) or
/// [`Text`](../types/struct.Text.html)).
///
/// This trait allows us to use primitives on the right hand side of various
/// expressions. For example `name.eq("Sean")`
pub trait AsExpression<T: NativeSqlType> {
    type Expression: Expression<SqlType=T>;

    fn as_expression(self) -> Self::Expression;
}

impl<T: Expression> AsExpression<T::SqlType> for T {
    type Expression = Self;

    fn as_expression(self) -> Self {
        self
    }
}

/// Indicates that an expression can be selected from a source. The second type
/// argument is optional, but is used to indicate that the right side of a left
/// outer join is nullable, even if it wasn't before.
///
/// Columns will implement this for their table. Certain special types, like
/// `CountStar` and [`Bound`](bound/struct.Bound.html) will implement this for
/// all sources. All other expressions will inherit this from their children.
pub trait SelectableExpression<
    QS,
    Type: NativeSqlType = <Self as Expression>::SqlType,
>: Expression {
}

impl<T: ?Sized, ST, QS> SelectableExpression<QS, ST> for Box<T> where
    T: SelectableExpression<QS, ST>,
    ST: NativeSqlType,
    Box<T>: Expression,
{
}

impl<'a, T: ?Sized, ST, QS> SelectableExpression<QS, ST> for &'a T where
    T: SelectableExpression<QS, ST>,
    ST: NativeSqlType,
    &'a T: Expression,
{
}

/// Marker trait to indicate that an expression does not include any aggregate
/// functions. Used to ensure that aggregate expressions aren't mixed with
/// non-aggregate expressions in a select clause, and that they're never
/// included in a where clause.
pub trait NonAggregate: Expression {
}

impl<T: NonAggregate + ?Sized> NonAggregate for Box<T> {
}

impl<'a, T: NonAggregate + ?Sized> NonAggregate for &'a T {
}

/// Helper trait used when boxing expressions. This exists to work around the
/// fact that Rust will not let us use non-core types as bounds on a trait
/// object (you could not return `Box<Expression+NonAggregate>`)
pub trait BoxableExpression<QS, ST: NativeSqlType>: Expression + SelectableExpression<QS, ST> + NonAggregate {
}

impl<QS, T, ST> BoxableExpression<QS, ST> for T where
    ST: NativeSqlType,
    T: Expression + SelectableExpression<QS, ST> + NonAggregate,
{
}