Salvete Omnes,

      Jacques Margeret was a Huguenot mercenary who served in Muscovy (Grand Duchy of Muscovy) starting with tsar Boris Godunov,  tsar Dimitrii Ivanovich, and tsar Vasilii Shuiskii, and being a partner? confidante? of Mikhail Saltykov Glebovich  went over to the Polish side, thus serving with the Polish Crown and our King Sigismund III's army. 

Captain Margeret, while in Polish service,  participated with distinction in the battle of Kluszino, He left Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth circa 1612, eventually settled in Germanies, becoming a confidante and consultant to several rulers and magnates of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and German states, and by 1619 disappeared from the pages of history.

While in France after the death of Dimitri I, he wrote a very interesting account on the Muscovite state, and in his work  he also described horses of the Grand Duchy of Lithuanian, thus we can read about the Muscovite Russian (eg of Vologda) ,Nogai Tatar, Polish and Turkish horses in this work (English translation titled "The Russian Empire and Grand Duchy of Muscovy" ).
I compiled the pertinent pages from Gallica - French National Library - the French original

and two images containing  the old Muscovite Russian saddles

Valete

Salve,
I hope to start a series of posts - all based on the source material from XVI-XIX centuries - related to the Turkoman horse of the Central Asia, including its most noble 'strain' known as the argamak  - these horses were ancestral to modern Akhal-Teke horse.  Now, there is this Polish Akhal-Teke breeder, pan Jacek, who has a very interesting blog on the history of the Akhal-Teke horse, but in Polish only, where one can read very detailed and knowledgeable accounts related to the history of the breed.
The most interesting of the accounts I found is the one describing the training and feeding of the warhorse and then carrying of the raid into Persia during the 1860-70s.
Well, let us start with a little description of the Central Asian  Turkoman tribal divisions as they were seen/perecived by the Western European travelers during XIX century;

The Turkomans occupy the country between Khiva, the Oxus, and the North Persian frontier, and are divided into many tribes; but the principal of these inhabit the south of this great tract, viz., the Yamouts, the Goklans, and the Tekes. The Yamouts occupy the shores of the Caspian, and are, as has been mentioned, water as well as land pirates. They are supposed to number about 40,000 tents. The Goklans occupy the country of the upper Gourgan, the Attrek, and Simbur, and number about 12,000 tents. The Tekes are divided into two bodies; the Akhal Tekes, who live on the northern slopes of the Kuren Dagh mountains, and at Tejend; and the Merv Tekes, who inhabit the great oasis of Merv, and the banks of the Moorghab river. Each of these bodies numbers about 30,000 tents; and each Turkoman tent on an average turns out a mounted horseman. The number of men available for the field may therefore be easily calculated.
The Turkomans are a Turkish race, and speak a dialect of Turkish, and they hold the Sonnie faith. In person they are muscular, heavy-limbed men, with large hands, rather flat, broad faces, and small eyes; thus showing much of the Tartar type. There is generally a merry, cunning twinkle about their eyes which does not give the idea of a hard, cold-blooded race. It is difficult to define the Turkoman government, as they are nearly the only people in the world who really appear to rule themselves. In each village there is usually, however, one man, or Aksakal, who takes the lead, and whose advice or command is generally followed; and amongst the Tekes the threatening of danger has brought a real leader to the surface in the person of Kourschid Khan, a man much respected for his bravery and general character, but who holds a very uncertain position.
That the Turkoman type should still be so distinctly marked is very curious, as they constantly capture Persian girls, who become their wives, and so must bring a strong infusion of Persian blood into the race; but it is not traceable either in their appearance or in their habits. The peculiar characteristic of the Turkomans is their bold, independent air. Their domestic habits are simple in the extreme. They have rarely more than one wife; and the women have great latitude accorded to them. They are never veiled, as in most other Mahomedan countries, and they occupy themselves thoroughly with the domestic concerns of their lords. The latter, when not engaged in predatory expeditions, lead a most indolent life; looking after their horses, smoking, and gossiping being their usual occupations. The care of the flocks and herds, as well as the execution of a little agriculture being entrusted to the boys and women. These last lead an active life, and much of their spare time is devoted to weaving the carpets, which are the only articles of luxury allowed in the tents. These tents have been already described; and it is the province of the women to strike and pack them whenever a move is contemplated. The men wear the long brown woollen or cotton dress that is common both with the Khoords and Usbegs; but both men and women often wear a red silk or cotton shirt beneath. The former wear the usual black or brown sheepskin cap, but it is generally smaller and lower than those worn in Persia. The ladies on gala occasions indulge in considerable finery. Their head-dresses are then most elaborate, the hair being plaited and arranged into most fantastic shapes; and they delight in high red or yellow boots, and adorn themselves with numberless trinkets.
The diet of the Turkomans is most frugal. A little millet and milk forms the staple food, and they move their camps from place to place as the season renders it convenient for getting pasture for their flocks, or raising the small grain crops that suffice for their needs.
Their manners are coarse and rough, presenting a great contrast to the polish of the Persians; but, on the other hand, they are manly, brave, and enduring. Their reputation for hospitality is widely known. They are brought up, however, from childhood to consider that violent robbery is the highest of virtues, and every growing youth looks forward to the day when he may win his spurs by joining in a chapaoul, or raid. But, if the Turkomans are lazy in their habits and careless of their wives, there is one tiling to which their whole attention is devoted—their horses. And well do these noble animals deserve all the care that is lavished upon them, for in courage, speed and endurance combined, they stand at the head of the equine race.

Clouds in the East: travels and adventures on the Perso-Turkoman frontier..

 By Valentine Baker (p211-220) – 1876

Now a  short entry on the horses:
Vámbéry Ármin , a Hungarian traveler in Central Asia gave the following description of the horses he found in his travels: 1. The Turkoman horse ; and here a main distinction exists between the Tekke and Yomut breeds. The former, of which the favorite races are the Korogli and the Akhal, are distinguished by extraordinary height (sixteen to seventeen hands). They are slightly built, have handsome heads, majestic carriage, wonderful speed, but no bottom. The latter, those of the Yomuts, are smaller, finely formed, and unite speed with unparalleled endurance and strength. I have seen many horses of this description which had carried each his Turkoman rider, with a slave behind him in the saddle, at a constant rapid gallop for thirty hours. In general, the Turkoman horse is distinguished by a slender barrel, thin tail, handsome head and neck (it is a pity that the mane is cut off), and particularly fine and glossy coat; the latter quality is owing to its being kept covered, summer and winter, with several housings of felt. With respect to the value, a good Turkoman horse may be had at a price varying from one hundred to three hundred ducats, but never under thirty ducats.
2. The Ozbeg horse resembles the Yomut, but its form is more compact, and denotes more power; its neck short and thick, rather suited, like our hacks, for journeys than serviceable in war or olamans.
3. The Kasak horse, in a half-wild state, small, with long hair, thick head, and heavy feet. He is seldom fed by hand, but is accustomed to seek his own subsistence, summer and winter, in the pastures.
4. The Khokandi, sumpter, or cart-horse, is a cross between the Ozbeg and Kasak breeds, and is remarkable for its great strength.
Of these four races, the genuine Turkoman horses have only been exported to Persia, and the Ozbeg horses to Afghanistan and India.

Travels in Central Asia: being the account of a journey from Teheran across ...

 By Ármin Vámbéry (1863)

On wild life as perceived by the English writers based on their travels :
Animals of Central Asia – 
Wolves, foxes, badgers, wild goats, and grey hares are to be found in abundance in the country specified, and in the province of Ferghana deer are so numerous that he compares it to "an English park." The large Maral stag is to be found in herds of several hundreds. Water-fowl, herons, cranes, ibises, wild geese, swans, and a bird resembling a flamingo are also to be met with in immense quantities round Issik Kul and along the Syr Darya and its affluents. Bears are to be found in the rocky country, and a tame kind of gazelle, which is, however, never to be seen in greater numbers than five or six at a time.
The Zarafshan valley east of Samarcand is the haunt of wolves, lynxes, foxes, etc. etc.; and eagles and vultures are frequently to be seen. But on the whole the wolves are of a cowardly race, and the Kirghiz hunter does not hesitate to attack them single-handed and armed only with a heavy riding-whip, which is made of wire woven into the lash. With regard to the Central Asian tiger, which M. de Ujfalvy states, on what authority we know not, to be larger than the Indian tiger, and particularly fierce, it seems to be an animal which is gradually disappearing. Twenty-five years ago, when the Russians were first advancing along the Syr Darya, the marshes on the banks of that river swarmed with them, but from this quarter of the country they have been expelled by the encroachments of man. They are still found in limited numbers along the banks of the Chu river and on the shores of Lake Balkash.

England and Russia in Central Asia: with two maps and appendices ..., Volume 1

 by Demetrius Charles de Kavanagh Boulger (1879)
 
*original spelling preserved

hello,
In the Polish and Muscovy XVI-XVII century sources the so called Turkish horses  were listed as the most splendid and notable steeds fit for the kings, magnates and noble ''rycerstwo'' (knights, chivalry, noblemen).

Being curious about the Ottoman Turkish horse origin, some time ago when I was at the McGill University Library special book collection, where one cannot use any writing tools but for their own short pencils,  I found a very interesting book.

Let's talk about the book first. At the library  I perused - in two days 1-2 hours each - this absolutely splendid and awfully overpriced book in two volumes (one text  and one fine photographs of some horse-related Islamic  artifacts) titled 'Furusiyya' - http://openlibrary.org/books/OL17608339M/Furusiyya
There I found many articles written by noted scholars on the subject of the horsemanship and horse ridding related to the present Islamic land, no matter how deeply into the pre-Islamic history, e.g. Seleucid heavy cavalry.

One of the articles written by J.M. Rogers titled 'Ottoman Furusiyya' (pages 176-183 in the vol.1) deals with XV-XVIII (15-18th) century Ottoman Turkish horses and horsemanship.
Thus I copied some information on the Turkish horses from his article:
   Rogers states that the proper Turkish horses were bred in Cukurova Plain (southern fringes of the Taurus Mountains in the South-eastern Turkey or better put on the wikipedia   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ukurova ) first, and later on the rest of Anatolia became the breeding ground, while Epirus and Thesally, historic ancient Greece horse breeding grounds, continued to serve as such for the Ottomans overlords.  I can add my own thought here that this area was part of the medieval Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia, divided into ''Cilician Trachea'' and ''Cilicia Pedias.'' Cilicia Pedias became the Ottoman tributary during  XV century  perhaps as a result of wars between the Ottomans and the Mamluk Egypt, and thus Cilicia would continue in a semi-autonomous existence until her annexation by the Turks circa 1515, thus it would  seem reasonable to think that Cilician Armenians were the actual breeders of the so called 'Turkish horse.'  In my opinion (absent from the said article by Rogers) this horse breeding area and its people also  seem  to fit  nicely with  the ancient horse-breading traditions of the Armenians under the Achaemenid Persian kings and before [Urartu], and their horses are shown on the Apadana Staircase in Persepolis, Iran (via Livius  livius.org apadana armenian delegates   ). It also seems to me that great ancient traditions of the Iranian and Turkish peoples with Greek (Byzantine ) input produced this treat stead of the XV-XVII centuries.

Continuing with Rogers' article - other breeds: Arabian, Tatar and Hungarian were less numerous, but by 1650AD excessive demand for Turkish horses virtually exhausted the Anatolian breeding grounds and this led to actual replacement of the Turkish horse by the horses from the north of the Danube Basin (for the Ottoman military).
Rogers cites Busbecq ('Turkish Letters of Ogier P. de Busbecq,' 1554-62 AD)) and Marsigli ('Strato militare dell'Imporio Ottomano' Hague Amsterdam 1732 AD) as his best sources. Marsigli in his famous book stated that Turkomanian horses were very valued in the Ottoman Empire, and that the best war horses came from Hungarian, Transylvania, Polish and Moldavian stocks. Horses from Dobruja (   wikipedia.org Dobruja   )  were esteemed as parade horses (due to their size, for they were tall). According to conclusions drawn by Rogers from his sources the Arabian horses were not used for war, as they could not withstand cold and damp conditions of Turkish northern campaigns, and also were difficult on the battlefield  because were extremely afraid of the gunfire.
 I could add that we known from the records that during the Vienna Campaign of 1683 AD victorious Polish commanders and noble cavalry 'towarzysze' (companions) captured some very fine Arabian horses [including mares] from the taken Turkish camp after the famous battle. Perhaps those were parade  favourites of the horse-loving Turkish commanders and warriors etc (similar to the way many men nowadays own luxury cars without really driving them daily).

Rogers also writes that Turkish horses were shod  with shoes that were continuous and solid (so no stumbling and damage to the frog etc). According to his sources Turkish horses were used up to 28-30 years of age, fed on hay and barley, while their straw bed was made from dried horse manure (similar to the Persian Turkoman traditions).

The rest of the article dealt mostly with the  different Ottoman warrior and soldier types eg voynuks , akinjis, sipahi etc,  the cavalry of the standing armies of the Ottoman state - Kapikulu  Corps (eg sipahi in reconstruction ) - and its  cavalry branch, subject that I will indulge more in the future. Also I will introduce the writings of a Polish and Ukrainian writer and ' un caballeros supremo' Michal Czaykowski (Sadyk Pasha aka  Mehmet Sadık Paşa   books.google.com Czaykowski biografia )  who while being a Turkish cavalry commander in the mid-XIX century wrote about the pitiful state of the regular Turkish cavalry of the late Ottoman period, but was extolling Balkan horses and Circassian and Turkoman horses...
pa ka

ps
aha, I am working on this sketch of a saddled XVII century horse, it is not finished yet  ... GIMP and MyPaint :)

Salve, 
cdn z poprzednieg postu
...wydaje mi sie, ze skoro piszemy to o husarii jako typie kawalerii to nawiazujemy w naszych rozwazaniach do tzw konia uzytkowego husarii a nie do idealu wierzchowca roznych okresow RON - dzianet czy konie turecko-perskie sa to owe idealy pieknosci szlachty rycerskiej a la '...zrebie turckie, wyzle niemieckie.' Dlatego tez nie pisze o tym co najbardziej lubiono kiedy lub co bylo na pierwszym miejscu etc. Zreszta z ta lista to bym nie przesadzal, mody sie zmieniaja, u szlachty polskiej takze .
Kon turek - co do wygladu 'turka' to nie wydaje mi sie zeby kon turecki z 16-18 wieku podobny byl do dzisjeszego Ahal-tekinca - bo dzisiaj Tekiniec to wyzel wsrod koni orientalnych. Konie Turecko-perskie wywodza sie z roznego rodzaju mieszanek ktorych podstawa sa dwie rasy konskie: najstarszy rasowo kon kaspisjki (od ktorego byc moze wywodza sie araby) oraz byc moze rowny mu wiekiem lub nieco mlodszy starozytny kon nissejski, z Medii (Iran) - rosly, silnie umiesniony, o rzymskim profilu wierzchowiec ( post o koniach partyjskich).
Dolewki innych ras (np konie tekinskie, oraz oczywiscie araby - bo araby braly udzial w tych dolewkach jako ze np. w czasie podboju Iranu oraz Azji Centralnej wodzowie arabscy celowo mieszali swoje klacze z ogierami perskim-sogdyjskimi w celu podniesienia wzrostu czy sily arabskiego konia bojowego) plus rozne mody na typy koni bojowych w srednowieczu Azji Zachodniej, doprowadzily do wyksztlacenia sie na terenie wlasnie Azji Zachodneij w XV-stym wieku owych rumakow - koni wierzchowych ktore odpowiadaly metodom walki tychze krain - 'ciezka' jazda kopijnicza, mocno opancerzona, z konmi pokrytymi kropierzami oraz zwlaszcza w XV-XVI wiekach pancerzami - piekne konie o suchych glowach, dlugie muskularne szyje, suche nogi, mocne zady, dlugie ogony, piekne chody. W wyniku upadku Persji oraz Turcji w 19 wieku typ rumaka calkowicie wyginal, zastapiony arabem pustynnym oraz mieszankami posledniejszymi (a to co w Pesji nie wyginelo to republika Islamska Chomeiniego dolozyla reki do zaglady koni perskich w latach 80-tych).

Jesli chodzi o teknica - znane sa chyba ze 4 typy tego rasowego konia - klasyczny argamak wywodzi sie od starozytnego konia wierzchowego Scytow oraz Sarmatow Azji Centralnej ale w XVI-XIX wieku to jednak elitarny kon Turkmenow, uzywajacych jazdy lekkiej, przeznaczony do wojny podjazdowej tychze nomadow oraz przemierzenia suchych stepow Azji Centralnej. W tym okresie jest to kon wybitnie dlugodystansowy, bodobny do anglika - opisywany 'trenning' tego konia zasluguje na wiezienie (jak wyglada wystarczy poszperac na necie, krocie zdjec oraz opisow -tu ciekawostka, Nez Perce z Idaho odtwarzaja 'prawdziwego 18 wiecznego konia Appaloosa, jako ze 'swinia' ktora nazywaja Amerykanie Appalossa to w typie kon zupenie niepodobny do tego konia Nez Perce (jako ze jest to mieszanka 'bulldoga z bykiem' tyle ze tarantowata), jako odtwarzacza uzywaja mieszanki Akhal-Tekinca z mustangami typu Spanish Soraia lub Warhorse - program ma cos okolo 10 lat - ciekawe co z tego wyjdzie bo to pewnie troche malo jak na odtworzenie sie rasy czy typow koni).
Z koleji wymienialem bachmaty tatarskie z tej przyczyny ze min. prof. Pruski w 'Hodowli konia Arabskiego w Polsce' podaje jak to w 1820-tych latach kupcy przyprowadzali do Balty (Ukraina polska) duze ilosci wynedznialych ogierkow tureckiego wojska (rosyjska zdobycz wojenna) ktore to szlachta kupowala na potege i mieszala z rodzimymi klaczami, co dawalo wysokej jakosci rosle oraz urodziwe potomstwo (warto zauwazyc ze 'spsienie sie' jazdy ottomanskiej anstapilo w polowie XIX wieku, pisal o tym Sadyk Pasza Czajkowski).
W XX wieku, kiedy polska hodowla arabow rozwinela sie na szeroka skale, polskie araby ( tym razem bez mieszania z innymi rasami) podskoczyly na wzroscie ( z 135-140 cm do 140-150cm)), czyli nawet o 10 cm w klebie (ogiery), zachowujac suchosc oraz ogolny wyglad araba, a kiedy mieszano je z konmi polkrwi dalo to doskonale oraz rosle konie uzytkowe ( nasze 'malopolskie' pisze w cudzuslowiu bo od dekad wielu konie malopolskie maja ogromna domieszke fulblutow glownie ), co wydaje sie nastepnym dobrym przykladem, ze konie orientalne bardzo dobrze sprawdzaly sie w hodowli w naszym klimacie, a ich potomstwo dawalo doskonale wierzchowce. Wydaje mi sie, ze to samo mialo miejsce w XVI-XVIII wieku, w mniej 'naukowym' chowie stadnym stosowanym przez szlachte. Zreszta wzrost, wyglad, uzytkowosc, trzeba poczytac Ksenofonta zeby sie przekonac co to jest kon bojowy - to sie nie zmienilo az do XIX wieku kiedy konie uprzemyslowiono etc!
W moim poprzednim poscie napisalem bylem - mieszanki rodzimych koni z przestawicielami ras... i o to wlasnie chdzilo - scigle, wytrzymale, byc moze niskie i brzydkie dla oka szlacheckiego bo w typie konia stepowego (duzy leb, nisko osadzona szyja) bachmaty zmieszane z potomstwem wlasnego chowu dawaly wiekszego konia bojowego - wierzchowca potrzebnego husarii - tj . konia o pewnym typie podobajacym sie szlachcie, nie przerasowanego (bo owe koniki maja tendencje do padania jak muchy w polu) ktory wytrzyma trenning husarski, a pozniej sprawdzi sie w skrajnych warunkach bojowych np szarzujac po 10 razy na wroga a pozniej w wielokilometrowej pogodni za wrogiem, czy w pochodach przez zmarzniety step lub bagna bialoruskie, zyje na galazkach a lisciach drzew, czy wytrzymuja zamkniecie oblezenia gdzie karmiono je miesem zmiesznanym z prochem (pod Zbarazem) etc.

Cenne konie importowane lub zdobyczne -dzianety, turki etc - ( a bylo ich przeciez jak na lekarstwo) prawdopodobnie wylaczajac walachy nie byly uzywane w boju (wykluczamy tu magnaterie ktora mogla jezdzic na czym chciala ) raczej szly do hodowli oraz parad, poseselstw czy innych pokazow...

Upraszam o wybaczenie za nieco przydlugi wypis...

Salve,
et ...więcej o Koniu Polskim rzeknę:
mimo legendarnych wypisów rożnych poetów et pisarzy ... husaria na arabach nie szarżowała, chyba ze u imci Julisza Kossaka - :)

   Nasz piękny kraj rekami szlacheckich hodowców wyhodował był na potrzeby husarii konika bojowego - niektórzy zwą go Koń Polski, inni koń husarski  etc. 
Ale był to kon pewnego typu, tzw typu polskiego - znaczy się ów rumak byl piekny (wedlug d'Alerac'a, ktory piszac o husarzach napisał był ''la beauté des chevaux'' - 'piękno ich koni'), całkiem lotny oraz strojny (wg Rzaczynskiego :1721) a przy tym silny i właśnie wytrzymały na trudy.
   Znany jest sztych Jana Eliasa Ridingera z XVIII wieku pt Equus Polonicus aka Kon Polski, którego  nie mam dobrej kopii.

   Mamy tamże konia mocno zbudowanego, raczej niewysokiego, o suchych nogach, długiej szyji na której siedział suchy łeb (mała limfa, dobrze widoczne są naczynia krwionośne oraz zakończenia kości czaszki) o dużym oku, małych uszach, ale bez wklęśnięcia miedzy nosem a czołem, a wiec raczej z wypukłym nosem, co w rezultacie daje łeb koński nie bardzo arabski a raczej podobny do dzisiejszego Akhal-tekinca tzw rzymski nos, co było typowe u koni tureckich, turkmeńskich, perskich oraz dzianetów hiszpańskich).

   Do tego opisu głowy/łba oraz nóg dochodzi długa kłoda (araby ma raczej krotka kłodę), głęboka ale niezbyt szeroka pierś (bo koń musiał być wytrzymały - ), muskularny zad, długi, obfity ogon o delikatnym włosiu oraz  obfita grzywa... koń wcale a wcale nie przypominający araba czasów XIX wieku w ukrainnych stadninach! A do tego maści podawano niezwykle: wilczate, plesniawe, wisniaki, srokate, bułane czy wronie.
   Zresztą w XVI-XVIII wieku w naszych rejonach świata, zachodnia czesc Eurazji, najlepsze konie bojowe (bo o roboczych nie ma wciąż mowy) to konie pochodzące z rodzimej hodowli zmieszane z rumakami z hodowli turecko-perskich i księstw naddunajskich, później bachmaty tatarskie z jednej strony, oraz konie hiszpańskie, ktore odznaczały sie wyjątkowa uroda w ruchu oraz prawdopodobnie konie berberyjskie zaznaczające sie w hodowli hiszpańskiej - a o arabach w hodowli nie ma wzmianek az do wojen z Turcja z drugiej polowy XVII wieku, z okresu Wiednia 1683, choć w Knyszynie Jego Karolewska Mość król Zygmunt August miał araby (pewnikiem ogiery tylko nie mamy pojęcia jaka była ich rola hodowlana), a także w rolkach popisowych rot zaciężnych jazdy z XVI wieku występują sporadycznie araby jako konie bojowe.
    Arab zasadniczo to był koń 'lekkiego' jeźdźca jakim husarz nie był, zresztą tak nawiasem mówiąc to raczej klacz lekkiego jeźdźca jako ze Arabowie na klaczach jeździli na wojnę, a ogierów było jak na lekarstwo w samej Arabii {na czym jeździli Turcy panujący de jure nad Egiptem, Syria oraz Bagdadem to wiemy - ogiery i wałachy, wiec może i na arabach także, choć oni lubili/preferowali konie turkmeńskie i rumelijskie), gdyż wszystkie nadwyżki eksportowali Arabowie poza Arabie, głownie do Indii a Persji gdzie te konie mieszano z własnym pogłowiem i importami ze stepu - wiec jeśli była znacząca dolewka krwi arabów po Wiedniu w Rzplitej to były to klacze pokrywane polskimi (polskiej hodowli) ogierami.
   Sumując, polski husarz XVI-XVII wieczny na arabie nie jeździł choć wyjątki mogły łamać te regule. Być może w czasach naszego kochanego pamiętnikarza Kitowicza, zwłaszcza po 1740-tych - któż to wie? 
Gdyż chorągwie husarskie, już nie wojenne a wojsko paradne pogrzebowe, mogły wtedy jeździć na koniach bardziej paradnych a mniej ognistych, jako że musiały to raczej być konie stateczne i dorodne wzrostem i ciężarem, a jak wiemy arab konikiem spokojnym nie jest per se, a jak się jedzie w pogrzebie czy orszaku uroczystym, to bardzo ważnym jest aby koń pod jeźdźcem spokojnym był i nie ma miejsca na pokazy dżygitówki...aby ów rumak nie harcował niczym znerwicowany... arabek. 

   Niestety, nadeszła ''finis Poloniae'' i koń polski typu starego wyginał jako rasa/typ w okresie katastrofy rozbiorowej i wojen napoleońskich (zwłaszcza kampania 1812) oraz zaborów, kiedy nie stało hodowli narodowej. 
Wtedy to zaborcy jak i nasi właśni hodowcy (wtedy jeszcze właśnie rynek dyktował rodzaj produktu) na potęgę użytkowali modne i doskonale zresztą importy folblutów, oraz araby, do wytworzenia koni potrzebnych swoim własnym pulkom kawalerii oraz do użytku codziennego dla jeżdżących coraz więcej pań etc,  oraz hodowano ciężkie konie zachodnioeuropejskie do artylerii (nasi hodowcy nigdy takowego dla artylerii wojsk Polski przedrozbiorowej nie wyhodowali) oraz rewolucjonizującego się rolnictwa.

   Taki sam los byłby spotkał ogara polskiego oraz charta polskiego - ale ogara odtworzono, a i charty powróciły, wiec może i koń staropolski przez zmieszanie koni azjatyckich, hiszpańskich i koników polskich powrócą przywrócone rekami polskich hodowców...

Czolem,
this time I am posting my own two, rather old, illustrations intending to continue my discussion about the so called Old Poland/Polish Horse:
one (color one) could be a 'bachmat' - from Tatar/Turkish language  (but the root of this word is old Iranian, another proof that Turkish people were taught all about horses by the Sarmatians and Saka - themselves Iranians) word for a smaller, but muscular yet fast and faithful warhorse; and the black and white drawing is an attempt to portray a rumak  with typical tack of mid XVII century that was a preferred mount  of our winged hussars and richer nobles - originally from old Persian 'argamak' which is a word for a splendid, noble warhorse. Both types were present in Old Poland, while the names are still in use in the modern Polish language.
There was one more 'horse word' used to describe war and parade horses: dzianet. This name was used for especially beautiful parade horses, and later on, during the XIX century came to denote  a noble and very beautiful horse, often used in poetry or novels, eg. Nobel laureate Henryk Sienkiewicz's "Trilogy." The word itself comes from Spanish - yennet or jennet or gennete, whether it meant a ridding horse or horse ridden in a special manner, with short stirrups (a la jineta) still remains an answered question. From Spanish this word passed into Polish language via Italian language with the arrival of our good queen Bona Sforza, wife to His Royal Majesty and Grand Prince Sigismund I (1467-1548). In 1518 Queen Bona brought to our lands many Italian horses, of Neapolitan extraction, trained in then fashionable Italian horsemanship and they were most likely ridden a la jineta, and thus we have dzianet name for this highly trained and beautiful parade horses. Dzianet is not used in everyday Polish language to describe horses  anymore.

to be continued