Cost-Effective Instrumentation and Simplified Design for Optical Imaging

Bower and colleagues demonstrate sub-diffraction 3D imaging to visualize rods and foveal cones in the living human eye. Their modular strategy can be readily applied to most existing high-resolution ophthalmic imaging systems to improve resolution.

Single-molecule localization microscopy visualizes individual biological molecules but suffers from sample drift that degrades resolution. Hao Qiu and colleagues present reinforced optical cage systems to readily prevent drift for uncompromised resolution

Fluorescence microscopes lose over half the emitted light, limiting image clarity. Weidong Yang and colleagues here report the Paired-Objectives Photon Enhancement method to double photon capture, enhancing brightness and resolution in biological imaging.

Georges Chabouh and colleagues present an open-source platform enabling 3D transcranial Ultrasound Localization Microscopy in awake mice. This framework provides the research community with tools to study brain microvascular dynamics without the need for anesthaesia.

Dillon et al. developed a new computational approach for optimizing CT-based image guidance for lung cancer radiation therapy. Monitoring the patient while controlling the imaging hardware in real time resulted in a 63% reduction in scan time and an 85% reduction in radiation, as demonstrated in a clinical trial of 30 patients.

Ultrasound particle image velocimetry (uPIV) is widely used for blood flow measurement but is limited by the diffraction limit. Jingyi Yin, Jiabin Zhang, Jue Zhang and colleagues propose enhanced ultrasound particle image velocimetry (EuPIV), which enables dynamic microflow imaging with higher spatial resolution.

In this review, Yihui Zhou and colleagues summarize recent progress in coherent Raman scattering imaging with machine learning. They explore its potential for processing high-dimensional data such as hyperspectral, time-lapse, or volumetric datasets for biomedical applications.

Haoran Wang and co-authors present an open-source, automated two color structured illumination microscopy module compatible with standard microscopes. Combining low-cost components and real-time super-resolution imaging via open-source software, the system improves resolution by 1.55-fold while reducing complexity and cost.

Ningzhi Xie and colleagues present an inverse-designed polychromatic metalens that achieves low dispersion across three distinct wavelengths (643 nm, 532 nm, and 444 nm), making it suitable for tri-color scanning fiber endoscopes

Rui Li, Gabriel della Maggiora and co-authors present a deep learning approach for attenuating diffraction and optical imperfections in light microscopy images. By incorporating the underlying physics of light propagation in microscopy into the loss function and designing a conditional diffusion model, they obtained improved performance compared to the state-of-the-art.