La divine

One of the most important productions of the golden age of Chinese films because of its symbolism was director Wu Yonggang's first endeavor,"The Goddess" (Shennu). The title of the film was the Shanghai way of describing a woman who sells her body. Ruan plays a prostitute who uses her earnings to support and educate her son. The heroine is forced to enter the oldest of professions, as it is the only way for her and her child to survive and to provide for his education. More than any other film, "The Goddess" captures the misery and hopelessness of China at the time. Ruan is the symbol of China's suffering. Only as a prostitute could she support her child and give him an education. "The Goddess" was a breakthrough for the director Wu in his sympathetic depiction of a prostitute. He used montage to portray Shanghai at night. He also shows that she was moral, but evil forces were the cause of her plight. A new DVD with English inter-titles and a beautiful piano score by Kevin Purrone is available from The San Francisco Silent Film Festival (www.silentfilm.org). My new book "Ruan Ling-yu: The Goddess of Shanghai" published by Hong Kong University Press tells the tragic story of Ruan Ling-yu.

The Goddess was released in 1934, which is directed by Wu Yonggang. This movie is regarded as one of the best movie of China's film history. The actress, Ruan Ling-yu, became an icon of Chinese silent film for her performance in this film.

The Goddess portrayed the miserable life of a prostitute in Shanghai during the 1930s. The prostitute is shaped as one representativeness of the social marginalized group. She suffered physical as well as psychological abuse from her surrounding environment. The more she made efforts to escape from her poor life; the more cruel things happened to her. This film has not only social significance but also cultural implication; which exhibits how weak a humanitarian morality is while facing the social reality(Meyer, 2005).

The Goddess was regarded as one outstanding realism film of China's cinematic golden age (Meyer, 2005). During the period of between 1930s and 1940s, the thematic concerns of social conflict always focus on economic exploitation and political oppression in the realism film. As compared with the film with similar theme, the director of The Goddess did not place too much in revealing social exploitation and oppression. The director exhibited the social harsh through the relationship between the prostitute with other people, including her neighbours, the master of her son's school, the gangsters and other children's parents. The prostitute gained sympathy and helps from some kind people; but mostly she had to suffer the mistreatment from the evil people as well as the discrimination from the middle-class in her society. The implicit expression help director enhanced the social tragedy meaning for the disadvantaged group.

The role of prostitute was performed by Ruan Lingyu who successfully shaped a woman living a dual life. As a prostitute, she abandoned her self-respect as a woman while standing at the night street to make a deal with clients. In the other hand, she had never forgotten to take her responsibilities as a mother. For example, when she returned home with a tired face every morning, the first thing what she did was to see her son. However, his son was isolated by school peers and was required to drop out because his mother was prostitute. The prostitute became the obstacle to her son; and her basic rights as mother was deprived. The image of prostitute has double tragedy meanings. This is a silent movie. The actress, Ruan lingyu, used different body language to express duel personalities of that woman, for example, seeing through the legs of that gangster, her panic face and desperate eyes. The inner world of that character has been performed by implicit facial expression and dull body movement. Yun's body language is natural but restricted, which creates a sense of elegant and classical aesthetics.

The director has been influenced by symbolism and European pioneer films (Meyer, 2005). The approach to narration in this film does not follow the routines of traditional Chinese drama. The dramatic conflicts have not been enhanced by strong external actions and emotion tensions. The director more focuses on the character's psychological descriptions in the climax of the plot. For example, the prostitute was raped by that gangster; the prostitute killed that gangster; and the prostitute was in the court. There are a lot of lens that express psychological change of the characters through eyes and facial expression. In addition, aligning with Chinese aesthetic approach, this film enhance the visual effects by the means of light and the picture composition. This film also emphasizes the details design. For example, the environment landscape has been repeated through leans; and the feet of prostitutes while walking in the street to meet clients. The subtle and plain cinematographic technique create a flowing but deep style.

Chinese aesthetic artistic conception has gone through the film. This film is about a story of prostitute. The title of this film – The Goddess – is actually borrowed from Chinese classical literature works, which is a euphemistic saying of women who are keeping immoral sexual relationship with men. The occupation of the character in the film is a prostitute. The tile has conveyed a implicit meaning for audiences about the content of story. The character's psychological desperation and performance form have not any erotic meanings; it is very clean instead. This is in consisting with Chinese traditional euphemism expression and subtle art style. Because of realistic social meanings, implicit narrative approach, subtle cinematographic and the outstanding performance of actress, The Goddess is one of the most important movies in the history of Chinese cinema.

References

Meyer, R.J. (2005). Ruan Ling-Yu: The goddess of Shanghai. Hong Kong University Press.

The Goddess (Chinese: Shen nu) (1934) Wu Yonggang

Young filmmaker Wu Yonggang was one of many thriving filmmakers working in Shanghai's movie industry during China's pre-Communist years. His first effort for Lianhua Film Company (United Photoplay), one of the city's three major movie studios, was December 1934 "The Goddess." Shanghai was China's version of Hollywood during the early 1930s. The city's Western influences in cinema were driven primarily by American film technicians who were invited to visit the city during the late 1920s to teach the Chinese how to operate the latest film equipment. As one of the world's most modern cities, Shanghai was a melting pot for wealthy capitalists, radical intellectuals and dissidents. And from that bustling region many talented filmmakers, including Wu Yonggang, were creating the country's best movies. The 1930s marked the first "Golden Period" of Chinese cinema--otherwise known as the 'left-wing' film movement--which examined class struggles, especially in the lower one, and lasted until the mid-1937 Japanese invasion of the country.

The writer/director Wu Yonggang showed enough potential from his first couple of minor films to be hired by Lianhua. His first major movie focuses on a mother (Ruan Lingyu) whose love for her baby boy is so great it shows no boundaries. There is only one glitch: she's a streetwalker. She gets in a jam when she comes across 'The Boss' (Zhang Zhizhi). Despite his controlling her life, the mother, labeled "The Goddess," is able to save enough money to send her son (La Hang) to a private school. The kid is taunted by his classmates for his mother's profession, but the principal feels sorry for him, and plays a crucial role in his life after the child's mother undergoes a series of overwhelming tragedies.

"The Goddess" has been interpreted as symbolizing the city of Shanghai itself, with an unusually high percentage of its women, estimated at over ten percent, resorting to street walking. Wu Yonggang's movie draws upon the brutalization of the women as being trampled upon by those apathetic wealthy capitalists who victimize them for their own pleasure. 'The Boss' has traits of foreign influence who take advantage of these vulnerable women. Similar to Hollywood's Hayes Office of Censorship, Shanghai's movie code forced Wu to toe the line. 'When I first set out to write about the goddesses," the director related, "I wished to show more of their real lives, but circumstances would not permit me to do so."

"The Goddess" belongs to the "fallen woman" category that was popular during Hollywood's silent film era and the early 1930s. The movie adapted elements from such movies as 1925's 'Stella Dallas" and 1929's "Madame X," with a dash of 1932's "Blonde Venus." Actress Lingyu Ruan plays the mother whose only talent is working the streets. At the time of filming, Ruan was one of China's biggest movie stars, earning the label 'China's Greta Garbo.' Just like her character in "The Goddess," Ruan fell in love with a gambler, Zhang Damin, and supported his losing habit. She broke up with him while making this movie and was dating a married tea tycoon, Tang Jishan, who bought her a mansion and made her his mistress. Former lover Zhang heard about the arrangement and filed a lawsuit against her, claiming she owned him money. The lawsuit and her dalliances made national headlines.

The 1991 movie "Center Stage" about Ruan's life, directed by Stanley Kwan, renewed interest in the actress's film career and placed a spotlight on Shanghai's burgeoning movie industry during the 1930s. "The Goddess" has been recognized as one of the greatest films in China's "Golden Age of Cinema," and is listed in the reference book as one of the '1001 Movies You Should See Before You Die.'

The Goddess (Lingyu Ruan) works the Shanghai street as a prostitute to raise her beloved son. She falls under the control of The Boss. She tries to escape the life but she is pushed back in. He's an illiterate sadistic brute who even pretends to sell her son to put her in fear. Her son is ostracized by the other kids and she uses her hard earned money to pay for an education. The other parents find out and try to get him expelled. The elderly principal struggles to let him stay but he is unsuccessful. The boss steals the money she had hidden away.

This is a throughly modern movie. It's a silent movie from China. The lead actress is terrific. It is such a downtrodden portrayal. It's also amazing to see Shanghai during its 30s Golden Age. This is a treasure of a time gone by.

Shen nu / The Goddess (1934) : Brief Review :

An early path-breaking Classic from Chinese Cinema. As a woman she is a Prostitute but as a Mother she is The Goddess. Wow! This is a fine example of extraordinary writing based on ordinary people where at one side you show her as a prostitute and on the other side you show The Goddess hidden in her in the form of A Mother. Street walker by night, devoted mother by day, a woman fights to get her young son an education amid criminal and social injustice in China. Actually, it wasn't just about China but almost all the prostitutes were caught in the same vortex all over the world. The society had a clear mindset of not accepting the prostitute which was fair but not accepting her child whom she wants to make a good man was completely unfair. I am glad to know that someone like Wu Yonggang broke the silence on it in early 30s and set the trend of path-breaking and thought-provoking cinema that too in an industry like China where the sensitivity of this subject was damn too high. The Goddess is not just a powerful writing but also a highly emotional drama which will leave you teary-eyed for sure assuming that you understand the love and sacrifice of a mother for her child. Apart from that, you get to see one of finest performance by any Chinese actress of that time performed by Ruan Lingyu. The cinematic sense of director Wu Yonggang was matchless. He crafted the vulgar character without showing any offensive content, rather he kept it very audience friendly for all ages, including underage audience. Overall, The Goddess is a Must Watch for everyone who has ever loved his mother and for cinema lovers it has a terrific and daring content which was nothing short of trendsetter. Indeed, One of the most important film from Golden age of Chinese Cinema.

RATING - 8/10*

By - #samthebestest