Manille

It is the 1970's and Julio is a young man from the island of Marinduque. Searching for his long-lost girlfriend Ligaya, he travels to Manila, the capital of the Philippines. While there, he takes whatever work he can find; being constantly short-changed by the callousness and avarice of the Marcos regime. Struggling to survive on the cutthroat streets of the concrete jungle, he encounters the best and worst of humanity, and the boundaries of his dignity are tested. Whether or not Julio finds Ligaya, and if the two of them escape the city unscathed, remains to be seen in Lino Brocka's 'Manila in the Claws of Light.'

A powerfully understated film, 'Manila in the Claws of Light' is based on the novel 'In the Claws of Brightness' by Edgardo Reyes, with a screenplay from Clodualdo Del Mundo Jr. Gritty and moving, the story presents a sadly realistic portrait of extreme poverty that will resonate with many. The film serves as a barbed commentary on the corruption and insensitivity of the Filipino government of the 70's, as well as a thoughtful allegory of how the innocent can be corrupted by the iniquity of urban life. It is unremitting and occasionally quite hard to watch; though always impossible to ignore.

Superbly, subtly written, 'Manila in the Claws of Light' is also visually alluring. Mike de Leon's restrained, evocative cinematography is stunning, capturing beautifully the hectic street life of Manila. At times, he shoots the film similarly to a documentary, heightening the realism of the subject matter. During flashback sequences, his approach becomes more romantic and stylized, lending those scenes additional tone and power. Throughout the picture his work under Brocka's direction is inventive and striking; and many of his shots linger in the mind long after the credits have rolled.

The film features a score from Max Jocson which is deeply atmospheric and- if you don't mind the term- very 70's and full of catchy synthesized melodies. Also worthy of note is Ike Jarlego Jr and Edgardo Jarlego's editing, which is seamless and intuitive. The movie has a steady pace that never falters; even in scenes of contemplation or high drama. Additionally, Ricardo De Guzman's production design is rich and textured, contributing to the gritty visual aesthetic established by de Leon's cinematography.

'Manila in the Claws of Light' features a cast performing at the top of their games. Rafael Roco Jr.- also known as Bembol Roco- stars as Julio, delivering a strong performance of intelligence and emotional depth. He has the audiences' sympathy right from the start, and never loses it. Hilda Koronel is somewhat underutilized as Ligaya, though steals the few scenes she's in completely; and may just break your heart in one of them. Lou Salvador Jr does impressive work in the supporting role of Atong, as does Joonee Gamboa as the character Omeng. All underplay their parts, staying true to the tone of naturalism that runs throughout the film.

A haunting piece of cinema, 'Manila in the Claws of Light' is an accomplished piece of work in every regard. Sad, poignant and realistic, it offers viewers an unfettered view of extreme poverty and ennui in the city. Powerful and subtle both, with a story that is devastatingly true to life and full of social commentary, the film is well-acted, masterfully directed by Lino Brocka and boasts fine cinematography from Mike de Leon. In short, 'Manila in the Claws of Light' is an affecting, absorbing film unlikely to be forgotten by any who see it.

ABOUT: Julio Madiaga, a simple fisherman from the province (as played by Rafael "Bembol" Roco, Jr. in his first leading role) goes on a journey to find Ligaya (Hilda Koronel), the woman he loves, after she went away with a mysterious woman promising a better future in Manila. When he arrives, he becomes immersed in the city lifestyle and gets involved with its inhabitants experiencing extreme poverty, hard luck, and the daily pressure to grind for sustainment. While Julio relentlessly searches on for Ligaya, the city changes him little by little, becoming like an animal in a wild jungle that lives only for survival.

REVIEW: Maynila: Sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag (Manila: In the Claws of Light), a film by the late great national artist, Lino Brocka, from the screenplay of Clodualdo Del Mundo Jr. (adapted from the serialized novel of Edgardo M. Reyes), is an examination of the dark side of urban life in Manila, Philippines. Brocka tackles the social issue of extreme poverty and its effects on the people experiencing it at the time.

The movie speaks about the harsh truth about Manila especially for the underprivileged that life in the city is pleasurable but only if you meet the high cost and that sometime you even have to pay more because what you can give is not enough. In end you may have to lose so much only to gain so little in value. Such is the fate of Julio Madiaga (main character) and basically every character in the story. He goes on a nightmarish journey to find his love one, Ligaya only to experience things go from bad to worse.

A ton of credit should be given to the casting and the performance of Rocco as Julio Madiaga. We go with him and we see everything happening through his eyes and we feel the same way that he does. He was able to portray convincingly a character that changes from being pure to being tainted as the film progresses. The screenplay also gave hand in establishing a strong connection between the viewer and the main character specifically with the use of key monologues that made us aware of his intentions.

Other characters aside from Julio Madiaga are well written and cast also, such as Julio's missing love one, Ligaya, a perfect example of Filipina beauty, Pol, as played by Tommy Abuel, his ever reliable friend, and the elusive Mrs. Cruz, as played by Juling Bagabaldo, whom he has a growing hatred for taking away Ligaya. Every character proves to be integral to the events presented in the film. No one seems out of place, not for a second.

Apart from the commendable writing, acting and casting, it is the direction by Lino Brocka that brought these aspects together film. His signature realism paired with his undeniable artistic talent behind the camera is what the material needed to produce an exceptionally well made film.

Though it has been over 40 years since the movie premiered, the social commentary it contains continues to be relevant up to know. This is coming from a citizen living in the said city. The underprivileged people in city at present are still affected by poverty among other social illness as it was then. Sure, it will make a fine exhibit for retrospection when discussing the era when Philippines was in martial law but more than that, because of what the film achieves both in art and social significance, it will continue to be watched by future generations.

FINAL WORD: With an flinching portrayal of what is wrong in the society at same time being able to showcase it in cinematic fashion, -Sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag (Manila- In the Claws of Light) proves its triumph in film making. Only a few films and even less in Philippine Cinema have put together social significance together with art and produce a very satisfying experience as this film. With the recent restoration, the film can be seen in its grandest form and hopefully it will continue to be influential in the years to come. The film is highly recommended. Go see it. You can likely catch it in cinemas in the Philippines or as I have read, the Criterion Collection is planning to release the film in DVD/ Blu-ray within this year, so grab a copy when it becomes available.

Regarded as the greatest Philippine film made, "Maynila sa mga kuko ng liwanag" (Manila in the Claws of Light) is one of the most poignant and accurate depictions of the plight of the poor in the urban jungle known as the city. A young and wide-eyed man from the sticks brings nothing but his simplicity and knaivety to the capital in search of his beloved after she was lured to the metropolis with promises of work and education. Once in Manila the protagonist finds himself in the hellhole of real-life scenarios where he struggles to get by in order to attain his purpose. Scenes unfold as fate brings this tale of promise and hope into a spiralling tragedy. One of illustrious director Lino Brocka's most highly regarded films the movie features his distinguished direction with a youthful Bembol Roco (in his first major role) and an attractive Hilda Koronel leading the helm as the star-crossed lovers destined to tragedy. The memorable ending is one of the great climaxes of filmdom and is one of the most stirring and affecting fadeouts in cinema history. With its depiction of grimy poverty, dimly-lit streets and establishments and gorgeous sunlight the movie is a moving glimpse in motion of Martial Law era Manila. Although there are talky slow parts that lag the flick this is a good view from start to finish. Moving and unforgettable this is one of the most accomplished portrayals of life in all its complexities and is one work of art that will stay with you for life.

Over four decades later, Maynila sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag (1975) holds up as a tale of a city mostly unwilling to provide opportunities for its poorest inhabitants.

Julio Maldiaga (played by Bembol Roco), a man from the province, struggles to make ends meet in Manila, switching from one source of income to the next while dealing with all misfortunes that Manila presents his way. What keeps him going is the desire to reunite with an old flame, Ligaya, who moved to the city from their province in search of a better life.

Similar to Filipino film classics of the era, Lino Brocka's masterpiece does not hesitate portraying Manila as irredeemable--a city filled with exploited construction workers, prostitutes left with no choice but to sell their soul, thriving informal settlers, and people above their socioeconomic class who get to dictate how the world works. The angst against the Marcos-era social order is evident here, as Brocka shows the demonstrations in the streets, as well as anti-government slogans in the walls, as a backdrop of the decaying Philippine capital.

The final scene proves little has changed since Brocka's work came to life on the big screen in 1975. The Julio Maldiagas of Manila in the 21st century are often than not presented with the same demise: a literal dead end, with all the wrong decisions a person and Manila made for himself coming back to bite him.

"Manila in the Claws of Light" owes its distinct brand of cinema verite to Italy's postwar neorealist cinema of De Sica's contemporaries. It offers a realistic look at the titular city while also providing a universal story of life and death in the metropolis. Owing to its title, the film explores the fatality of being drawn to the light. Julio searches for Ligaya, the "joy" and the light of his life, but finds himself ruined in the process. He ventures into the city, the light that supposedly brings financial stability, and faces disillusionment instead. Mixing visceral, documentary-like realism with the narrative focus of Hollywood noir and melodrama, Manila in the Claws of Light is an emotional journey that will leave the audience floored by its ending.