La chair et le diable

"Garbo multiplied the cinema's power of suggestion to infinity,

and the gaze so deep that every spectator there found what he sought

she spoke a different language to every man" Ado Kyrou, 1957

FLESH AND THE DEVIL (1926), the first film that the director Clarence Brown made with "an immigrant actress" who Greta Garbo had been before its premiere occurred to be one of the very best films for its time. People flocked to see it, Garbo became so eminent that she could almost dictate the terms in film industry, her relationship with John Gilbert turned out to be no baseless gossip. However, since then, 80 years have passed, not many people know how important the premiere of the film was, how historic it turned out to be in Garbo's career. Yet, it seems never to be fading since there are STILL many people who watch this film in its recent DVD release. Let us look at some aspects that make it a real classic, not only for its time, but for the general history of cinema.

THE CINEMATOGRAPHY by William H. Daniels is magnificent. Probably, anyone who has seen the film will never forget its most famous lighting effect when Gilbert lightens Garbo's cigarette in the shadowy garden. Another stunning moment is the scene of Leo Von Harden and Count Von Rhaden's duel. It is played in silhouette against the vast sky and, as a result, we can see not so much people but rather their shadows. An excellent moment that remains in memory is the waltz of Felicitas and Leo on the ball at Stoltenhof. The scene is filmed so memorably that it is hard to be skipped. Yet, the image of the "Isle of Friendship" where two best friends swore eternal loyalty as children and then went to fight in a duel is presented in an unforgettable way. Such pictures never fade in memory.

THE CAST are very talented, real elite of the time.

GRETA GARBO and JOHN GILBERT: Gilbert, who was Hollywood's leading man after the death of Rudolph Valentino, does a great job here as Leo Von Harden. His love to Felicitas (and to Garbo in real life) is so natural that everybody will get an impression that it is real what they can find on the screen. The love scenes between the two are particularly natural, hardly to be found elsewhere in films! If there is chemistry between the stars in a film, it is, without any doubt, in FLESH AND THE DEVIL. Greta Garbo performs so well that no wonder people saw her (many for the first time) and very soon started to admire her as an actress. She is excellent in the role and her acting still does not appear to be dated whatsoever! The whole of Garbo's sequence is marvelous but if I were to choose which scenes are particularly memorable, I would pay attention to two brilliant moments: first, the one at the train station when Leo and Felicitas meet for the first time and Leo picks the flowers that fell onto the ground and gives them to her, and, second, the moment when Leo and Ulrich, two lifelong friends, go to fight in a duel. Viewer's attention is directed towards Hertha, Ulrich's virtuous sister. She does her best to persuade Felicitas to take steps to stop this madness that a duel between two best friends appeared to be. How beautifully Garbo shows a change of heart... I admit that I have never seen such a performance before! Therefore, the words by Kyrou about Garbo, entailed at the beginning of my review, appear to accurately fit here.

OTHER CAST: Besides Garbo and Gilbert, there is a great Swedish actor, Lars Hanson, with whom Garbo played in one film before FLESH AND THE DEVIL (this was Mauritz Stiller's THE SAGA OF GOSTA BERLING). He is memorable as Ulrich, particularly in the final sequence when friendship occurs to be, indeed, sacred. The fabulous acting of the three (Garbo, Gilbert and Hanson) is expressed in a brilliant scene of the three meeting after Leo's return from Africa and drinking a toast. Other cast give very good performances, too, including Barbara Kent as Hertha and Marc Mc Dermott as Count Von Rhaden.

OTHER MEMORABLE MOMENTS include a number of humorous scenes that are, in no way, dated. It is important to state that many silent films may seem "silly" because today's viewers laugh at the scenes that were not supposed to be funny. It is caused by the challenge in people's sense of humor. However, it does not appear to be in FLESH AND THE DEVIL. Humor is retained and still serves its purpose. Consider the pastor seeing twins and believing to be drunk (he sees one girl in double). Or the final shot ... "You won't bid me goodbye?"

FLESH AND THE DEVIL is a film that I would recommend to anyone to see. It is a real classic and, in this regard, it may be considered similar to other classics of the time, like SUNRISE (1927), BEN HUR (1925) and THE LAST LAUGH (1924). But there are three more aspects about it that make the movie a must see - William H. Daniels' cinematography, Clarence Brown's direction and Greta Garbo's magnificent silent performance together with her alluring beauty. See it so that the film can last forever in your most beautiful memories. 9/10!

"Flesh and the Devil", the 1926 silent film, brilliantly directed by Clarence Brown, was shown recently on cable and the most amazing thing happened: the film looks superb! "Flesh and the Devil" has one of the most amazing team behind the camera, one that made its stars look so magnificently that one can't take ones eyes from the screen for fear of losing something. In addition to the superb director, the work of William Daniels with his camera is amazing. Mr. Daniels created images that are hard to forget.

The opening sequence of the film involving the arrival of Leo and Ulrich in their hometown, has to be one of the best things ever filmed. When Leo discovers the beautiful Felicitas as she descends from the train and walks to the awaiting car, where he runs to rescue the flower arrangement she inadvertently had dropped, is charged with desire and raw sex. Hollywood was more daring during those precode days when anything seemed to go.

Greta Garbo and John Gilbert make this film something to watch again and again. Both stars exuded such charisma that it's not hard to realize they were lovers. Ms. Garbo looked lovely in all her scenes and Mr. Gilbert was one of the handsomest leading men of the era.

One of the best things whoever restored the film was to add a great musical score that makes watching the pleasure it is. Also, in spite of being a silent movie, "Flesh and the Devil" has such a fluidity that, at times, we forget it's not a "talkie", because of the magic that Mr. Brown, and his cinematographer, William Daniels, were able to do together. Of course, the film is what it is because of its stars' magnetism and the way they make us care about the story.

Young actress Greta Garbo was tired and homesick for her native Sweden after she had journeyed to America to appear in two MGM movies. While filming her previous movie, 1926's "The Temptress," she was told her sister had died. When she asked studio executives if they could allow her some time to attend the funeral, they refused her request. Then Garbo's director Swedish friend Mauritz Stiller was removed from "The Temptress." With a paltry weekly salary in comparison to other actresses at her level, Garbo was financially struggling and gave serious thought of backing out of her next film. When she revealed her sentiments to a studio executive, she received a strongly-worded letter from MGM threatening to end her career as an actress if she didn't cooperate.

After some considerable thinking and advice from friends, she did report to the movie set for her next film, January 1927's "Flesh and the Devil." She began the filming in a deep funk until the day where she was appearing in a train station scene with lead actor John Gilbert, whom she never met. Once they were introduced and shot that station scene as well as the day's scheduled intimate kissing sequences, Garbo suddenly forgot most of her troubles.

"I don't know how I should have managed if I had not been cast opposite John Gilbert," recalled Garbo three years later. "If he had not come into my life at this time, I should probably have gone home to Sweden at once, my American career over." As one account goes, the veteran actor was bowled over by her vulnerability and took a personal interest in coaching her as filming progressed. It help that the "Flesh and the Devil" was loaded with intimate love scenes between the two of them. During one particularly passionate shot, director Clarence Brown witnessed the pair's budding relationship right before his eyes. He decided that instead of yelling cut to wrap up the scene, he motioned to his lighting and camera crew members to quietly leave the set as the two were still kissing. A few hours later, as Gilbert and Garbo continued their snuggling on the set, studio personnel brought in their dinner. By the conclusion of the movie's shoot, the two had moved in together.

Garbo's radiance shines through on screen as director Brown called for a number of close-ups, taking advantage of the actress's stunning looks. One reviewer described, "she gave a more erotic performance than Hollywood had ever seen."

"Flesh and the Devil," based on the 1894 Hermann Sudermann novel, 'The Undying Past,' was a perfect vehicle for the two new lovers. Garbo plays the wife, Felicitas, of an aging count who catches Leo (Gilbert), a German soldier, making kissy with his wife. Variety called that love-making scene and two others contained in the film hair raising. "There are three loves scenes in this picture that will make anyone fidget in their seat and their hair rise on end," said the trade magazine. The count loses a duel to Leo, who's sent to Africa for a few years as punishment. Meantime, his best friend, Ulrich (Lars Hanson) is asked by Leo to take care of Felicitas. He not only does that-he does more: the two fall in love and get married. When Leo returns and discovers what took place, well things get a little sticky.

The key line in the movie is when a church pastor, during a sermon, says 'When the devil cannot reach us through the spirit, he creates a woman beautiful enough to reach us through the flesh." The portrait of Felicitas fits the pastor's description of her to a tee. "Flesh and the Devil" was a pivotal movie in Garbo's career. Her performance was nearly universally praised, with one critic writing, "Audiences were mesmerized by her beauty and titillated by her love scenes with Gilbert. She was a sensation." Garbo received a tremendous bump in her salary with the box office profits rolling in. Soon, the actress' movies returned 12 per cent of all MGMs annual revenues at the height of her career, a tremendous amount for one actress.

Yes, the plot is a bit cliche but the performances certainly make up for it! Garbo, only in the early years of her career, gives an incredibly smoldering performance as the unredeemable temptress Felicitas, who snags the hapless Leo (John Gilbert) into a web of sex and lies. Look at that sly smile as she's trying on her widow's weeds -- very effective. John Gilbert, the heir of Valentino's mantle, proves that he surpassed the master lover with a believable portrayal of a man who realizes that he's way over his head but can't help himself. He does indulge in a bit of histrionics, but is very restrained compared to other silent lovers of the era. Only his performances in "The Big Parade" and "Downstairs" better this one. As Felicitas' second husband, Lars Hanson has the looks and talent to hold his own on the screen with his two incredibly dynamic co-stars. He amazed me opposite Lillian Gish in "The Wind" and "The Scarlet Letter" and it's a shame that he made so few movies in Hollywood before returning to Sweden.

Clarence Brown keeps the narrative flowing with a healthy balance of humor, drama, romance and action. MGM's stock company of character actors (William Orlamond, Polly Moran, George Fawcett and Eugenie Besserer) make an appearance and provide excellent supporting players to the three stars.

I found the Carl Davis score to be absolutely perfect for the images up on the screen, and the music when Garbo and Gilbert dance and two necking sessions reflect the raw passion. It's just stunning and I can't come up with enough words to describe it. After Buster Keaton's entire body of work, this movie ranks as my #2 favorite, tied with The Wind.

10/10

The works of Hermann Suderman have proved immensely popular with film-makers, the most notable adaptation being 'Sunrise. The Story of two Humans.' Although Clarence Brown's film cannot begin to match Murnau's sublime masterpiece it is eminently watchable.

We are treated not only to the biological chemistry between Greta Garbo and John Gilbert but also to the photochemistry of director Brown and his cinematographer William Daniels which was to work so well for Miss Garbo through the years.

Although Louis B. Mayer frowned upon the well publicised affair between his two stars he tolerated it as he recognised the box office potential and indeed cinemagoers queued around the block to experience the vicarious thrill of seeing not two actors pretending but two lovers living it.

By the standards of the time this is a torrid tale and concerns two men Leo and Ulrich, played by Gilbert and Lars Hanson whose intense friendship which could be said to contain a hint of the homoerotic, is shattered by the femme fatale of Garbo's Felicitas.

Garbo exudes sensuality here and already shows her uncanny ability to register thought. Victor Sjostrom called it 'thinking above the eyes' when directing her later in 'Divine Woman' which also starred fellow Swede Hanson. It is to be regretted that only one reel of nine minutes survives of that film following a vault fire at MGM in 1965.

The cigarette-lighting scene and that involving the communion cup are unforgettable and one is astonished that the scene in the hunting lodge managed to escape the unwelcome attentions of the Production Code. As it happens Felicitas pays the ultimate price for her sins which presumably made it acceptable. There is also a priceless scene where the Pastor of George Fawcett fulminates in the pulpit against the sin of adultery whilst Felicitas applies her lipstick.

The film is enhanced immeasurably by the beautifully created Austrian setting courtesy of the art department under the supervision of Cedric Gibbons.

The romance between Garbo and Gilbert was not fated to last and as her star rose, his fell. Although their love scenes now seem tame, not far short of a century on this film remains, in the words of film historian Mark Vieira, 'a landmark in cinematic sexuality'.