The author of the "Barefoot Gen" manga, Keiji Nakazawa, said that 70% of the story is based on true events from his experience of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.
Inspired by Keiji Nakazawa's story, a group called "Project Gen" was formed. It was a group of students from Japan, USA and Russian that sought to translate the manga series into several languages and distribute them worldwide as an attempt to spread an anti war/nuclear weapons message.
Gen was named after the terms "genki" (vitality of spirit) and "genso" (element), as Keiji Nakazawa wanted him to represent the element of the human spirit.
The film was part of a 1980s cycle of films about atomic bombs and nuclear warfare which had started in 1979 with Sindrome cinese (1979). The films included Silkwood (1983), Testament (1983), Ipotesi sopravvivenza (1984), Wargames - Giochi di guerra (1983), The Day After - Il giorno dopo (1983), The Atomic Cafe (1982), Gioco mortale (1986), Whoops Apocalypse (1982), Special Bulletin (1983), Ground Zero (1987), Barefoot Gen (Gen di Hiroshima (1983)), Rules of Engagement (1989), Quando soffia il vento (1986), Letters from a Dead Man (Quell'ultimo giorno (1986)), Memorie di una sopravvissuta (1981) and Detector (1980).