The first Tom & Jerry cartoon of the classic Hanna and Barbera era where Tom did not have the bright blue bit between his eyes.
The title is based on the nursery rhyme "Ten Little Indians", though the Agatha Christie mystery novel 'And Then There Were None' was also published under the same name.
Scouting was extremely popular polar at mid century, as the postwar baby boom children grew up. Also, TV was becoming a mainstream item in most homes, which also helped popularizing playing games associated with Western entertainment offerings. Davy Crockett (and his coonskin cap) and cowboys n' Indians were common role playing games of the era.
Tom carries a traditional (gun) powder horn, though his shotgun is decidedly more modern (it repeats).