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Pierfranceso di Liberto (in arte Pif) has pulled off a remarkable achievement with this film. It centers on Arturo, a middle-class boy living in Palermo in the 1970s-1980s who gradually comes to awareness of the murderous evil of La Cosa Nostra. His dawning awareness, and his moral awakening, parallel that of his city, whose residents would have preferred to have ignored the cancerous presence of the Mafia, but the brazen murders of so many of the Mafia's opponents -- honest politicians, magistrates, journalists -- forced them to confront it. That, and the amazing victories of the magistrates Falcone and Borsellino in prosecuting these monsters; tragically, they were both murdered shortly after the obtained convictions of some 300 criminals. Diliberto's protagonist Arturo initially is fascinated both by the mobbed-up premier Giulio Andreotti, and believes Andreotti's -- and his parents' lies about the mafia not existing in Sicily. (Andreotti, the protector of mafiosi, liked to say that the problem of organized crime existed only in Campania and Calabria.) The film's tonal balance is remarkable; at times it is hilariously funny; at others, heartbreaking. As the mafia crimes escalate, one feels despair, but at the film's marvelous conclusion, hope is restored. La mafia uccide solo in estate is without doubt one of the best films ever made about the scourge of Cosa Nostra.

Terraferma is without doubt the best film by the Sicilian director Crialese, whose earlier works include Respiro and Nuovomondo. It is a powerful, often disturbing and strongly emotional film (which some viewers and critics, mainly from the English-speaking world, seem to have difficulty with)that deals with one of the most urgent issues facing Italy, and Western Europe, the influx of desperately poor immigrants/refugees from Africa. The film is set on the Sicilian island of Lampedusa, which in recent years has received so many of these people that their "centri di accoglienza" can barely accommodate them. The harsh Bossi-Fini law, and an agreement worked out between Berlusconi's and Khaddafi's government, resulted in many immigrants who'd made it to Italy via Libya being sent back to Libya, where many were horribly mistreated. The elderly fisherman Ernesto, who rescues at sea an African mother and her son, represents an older, humane ethos, a Christian ethic in the best sense and the code of seafarers that demands one never abandons anyone lost at sea. Strong performances all around from the professional actors, including the wonderful Donatella Finocchiaro, who has appeared in the films of the Palermo-based director Roberta Torre, and the casting of actual local fishermen (there's a marvelous scene where they plot to get back at the oppressive and heartless carabineri)imparts a vivid authenticity. Terraferma also is visually stunning; Crialese loves the Mediterranean and he imbues "the wine-dark sea" with both mystical and socio-political import, as its shores embrace various yet similar civilizations. A beautiful, engrossing film with heart, soul, humor, and a powerful humanistic vision.

An excellent documentary chronicling the life and work of Letizia Battaglia, the Sicilian photojournalist who, since 1974, has documented the terrible impact on her island of mafia violence. A gutsy activist, committed feminist, and great photographer, Battaglia -- the name, aptly enough, means "battle" -- is a fascinating film subject, and the documentary is a fitting tribute to her. She made her name with the photographs of mafia crimes she made for the Sicilian daily L'Ora, pictures that shocked a nation and the world, and which helped spur Palermo's anti-mafia movement.The documentary focuses mainly on her work as a photojournalist and her political activism (she represented the Green Party on the Palermo city council)but also covers her personal life, including her long-running affair with an Italian journalist much younger than she.