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Crime novelist Dashiell Hammett is best-known for penning THE THIN MAN and THE MALTESE FALCON and, like the latter's original 1931 film version was completely overshadowed by John Huston's classic 1941 remake, the same fate practically befell another of his filmed works. In fact, the original 1935 version of THE GLASS KEY has been all but impossible to see until recently, while its 1942 remake was easily available on DVD in Europe. Although I do own a copy of the latter, it has been ages since I watched it last and cannot sensibly compare the two versions now; having said that, the credits for the original – director Frank Tuttle (who would later make a star out of Alan Ladd in THIS GUN FOR HIRE and whose next picture, ironically enough, was the aforementioned remake of THE GLASS KEY!), stars George Raft (this obviously made him the first choice for Sam Spade in the remake of FALCON, but he turned it down to Bogie's eternal benefit!), Ray Milland and Ann Sheridan, plus character actors Edward Arnold, Guinn Williams and Irving Bacon – are sufficiently interesting to merit its re-evaluation as a worthy precursor to the noir subgenre.

Raft is influential lawyer Arnold's right-hand man who, carrying on from his own star-making turn in Howard Hawks' SCARFACE (1932), has an eye for his boss' sister; when the former decides to become the ally of the local political candidate (because he too has his heart set on the latter's sister!), everything starts to go wrong for him, especially after turning down the defense of a drunken motorist from a manslaughter charge and when setting his foot down on the nightclub owned by the local underworld kingpin. However, it is the politician's inveterate gambler son Milland who proves to be the catalyst for disaster as, ostensibly pursuing the affections of Arnold's daughter, he is truly after milking the girl out of her funds to satiate the aforementioned criminal with whom he is indebted. This state of affairs naturally pits Arnold and Milland at loggerheads and it is up to the quick-witted Raft to shuffle his boss out of a murder rap when Milland's corpse is found lying in the gutter one night after the latest scuffle with his prospective father-in-law!

At one point in the narrative – in a brutal sequence anticipating the later ones featuring Dick Powell's Philip Marlowe and Ralph Meeker's Mike Hammer in, respectively, Edward Dmytryk's MURDER, MY SWEET (1944) and Robert Aldrich's KISS ME DEADLY (1955) – Raft suffers greatly at the hands of the criminal's chief henchman Williams (effectively cast against type) and, eventually, ends up in hospital where he is nursed by a pre-stardom Sheridan. Yet, despite having also been assaulted by a massive dog, he goes back for more and, ultimately, defeats the thug by turning him against his own employer. The identity of the real murderer is not all that mysterious in itself but the journey to the denouement is an exciting ride and, indeed, it is kickstarted by a spectacular car-crash right in the very opening scene! For what it is worth, the characters of Arnold's mother and card-trick obsessed odd-job man, providing here the requisite elements of sentimentality and comic relief, were dispensed with for the remake in those somber days of WWII.

Original of the more famous remake starring Alan Ladd, Veronica Lake, and Brian Donlevy in 1942. This 1935 film stars George Raft, Edward Arnold, Joseph Calleia, and William Bendix.

This "Glass Key" is the same Dashiell Hammett story, and much of the script was kept for the 1942 version, plus in the remake, there were scenes added.

The glass key refers to a key that breaks in a lock - Raft as Ed here is warning his boss (Edward Arnold) to watch out for people out to get him. Arnold is Paul Madvig, who controls a political machine and falls in love with the daughter (Claire Dodd) of a wealthy man, Ralph Henry, trying to get the benefit of Madvig's political influence. When Henry's no-good son Taylor (Ray Milland) is killed, Madvig falls under suspicion. Raft works to prove his innocence.

This Glass Key has none of the bite of the 1942 version except when it comes to the violence. You practically cry out in pain when Ed is beaten to a pulp. When Ed gets away, it's by throwing himself out a window - a stunning and exciting scene in both films.

Frankly, I liked the performances in the remake better, particularly Brian Donlevy as Madvig. Interestingly, in this version, there is a 'Ma' Medvig, Donlevy's mother. Raft always had a wonderful warmth when working with mother figures. Ladd's Ed was too busy making time with every female he met. In fact, in the remake, the newspaper publisher's wife is added as someone who makes a pass at Ladd.

Taylor is an early role for Ray Milland.

The ending is different in the original as well - neither ending follows the book which leaves the situation ambiguous.

All in all, both have good points and performances.

Stark cinematography, crisp story-telling and quirky humor make this a ground-breaking film, showing later film noir creators the basics.

The classic Dashiell Hammitt story gets a unique treatment. The still, anticipatory mood punctuated with abrupt, staccato dialogue is an inspired match for George Raft, playing perfectly to his strengths. Like Raft the film is stylish, watchful and reticent. He doesn't have to fake a thing. Edward Arnold is at his best as Paul Madvig in the center of the drama.

As for plot, the ne're-do-well son of a senator is found dead in the gutter, and all the "evidence" points to his girlfriend's father, Madvig, a political boss in town. Arch-enemy Shad O'Rory (Robert Gleckler) pulls out all the stops to bring him down while Madvig's right-hand man Ed Beaumont (Raft) goes through hell to prove his innocence.

In one torturous sequence, Raft never speaks a word while being abused (not to mention mocked), and that silence is visually compelling. There is a delicious use of stark shadows throughout. Instead of a bombastic soundtrack we get subtle use of organic sound. A key scene of violence is underscored marvelously by a swinging light fixture and a solo rendering of "Walkin' the Floor" echoing up the stairs.

Pig-eyed Guinn Williams is somehow both comic and brutal as Shad's hired thug. Charles Richman is everything a senator should be. Claire Dodd is the passionate sister of the murder victim, and Rosalind Culli makes a watery Miss Madvig.

It is entertaining to see a very young Ray Milland in the brief role as the murder victim. And then there's Ann Sheridan, memorable in only one scene as one tough nurse.

This does not have elements that became stereotypical in the more fully developed film noir - such as the femme fatale and overt lustiness, which were in the popular Alan Ladd remake of this story. This version does hedge on some violent elements and is a little too simplistic in others, leaving some plot points unclear at first. But the its consistent sense of its own style and sense of reality with the more believable cast let this first version stand on its own.

This 1935 version of The Glass Key is not often seen, the 1942 film with Alan Ladd, Veronica Lake, and Brian Donlevy is far better known. Still this one has some interesting features, notably for the one and only time in his career George Raft played a Dashiell Hammett hero.

It is one of the legends of Hollywood that George Raft turned down three of the roles that made Humphrey Bogart a legend, High Sierra, The Maltese Falcon, and Casablanca. The middle one of these was taken from the Dashiell Hammett novel and Ed Beaumont is very much like Sam Spade.

They have the same laconic personality, but unlike Spade who is a partner in a detective agency and for hire, George Raft as Beaumont is the personal retainer and fixer for political boss Edward Arnold. And Arnold is heading for some trouble. He's decided to join the 'reform' element in his town headed by Senator Charles Richman and that does not please gangster Robert Gleckler who has had a working relationship with Arnold up to this time. But Arnold who has worked his way up from poverty sees a chance at respectability and the thing that makes him interested is Claire Dodd who is Richman's daughter and who plays along with Arnold's interest in her for her father's sake.

At the same time Richman has a wastrel son in Ray Milland who has added Arnold's daughter Rosalind Keith to his list of conquests. He's needing some money real bad to pay off gambling markers to Gleckler. Later on Milland winds up dead and suspicion falls on Arnold. It's up to Raft to investigate and get him out of the jackpot.

Three big changes from this version of The Glass Key are readily apparent. First in the 1942 version the daughter of Arnold becomes the sister of Brian Donlevy played there by Bonita Granville. Secondly the character of Emma Dunn is here as Arnold's mother, the mother isn't in the 1942 film. Finally a most unfunny comic relief character in this film played by Tammany Young is dropped altogether from the later film. Otherwise if you know what happened in that film the same occurs here with the same ending.

But the leads are the exact same, tightlipped and tough. George Raft and Alan Ladd are just about the same as actors except for hair color. Veronica Lake is a bit more sultry than Claire Dodd, but then again she was more sultry than most of the women ever born on planet earth.

I think Donlevy convinced himself in his version that he was really in love with Veronica Lake. Arnold whose character mouths the words was married before and now that he's a widower is looking for that all important trophy wife this time around.

It's hard to choose between Guinn Williams and William Bendix who played the sadistic Jeff who was the button man for Gleckler. Williams could be brutal in films if he had to, though most of the time he played amiable lunkheads. There's no element of latent repressed homosexuality in Williams's performance as there is with Bendix however.

Although both versions from Paramount of The Glass Key standup well today, it's really a pity that Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall never got to do this story. It would have been perfect for both of them.

In the unlikely event that the term "film noir" means anything, it must be the meeting of the US detective film and the sinister Germanic look.

The process can be seen well and truly evident in this rarely seen version of the Hammet story. This one has the down beat view of human nature, sinister nocturnal scenes, notably Raft's discovery of Ray Milland's body and the grim shadowed world of thug Williams in his best rôle.

Neglected in favour of the Alan Ladd version which borrows from it - disposing of the stroppy brother with a kick on the shins, the dog attack - this one plays better because it's easier to believe Arnold is running a city and for director Tuttle's use of comedy actors like Irving Bacon, in serious material. Raft as Ned Beaumont, the minder, fits right in here.

Notice the significant difference is the presence of the mother character in the space that the fiancée takes in the later film. The spectacular auto stunt opening gets things moving rapidly too. This one doesn't work up the intensity of the best of the forties thrillers - no erotic smolder and feelings of growing doom but it's still a good viewing that stands with the best crime films of its day.