Sustainable Urbanism

Kentleşme, birçok faktörün etkisi altında kalarak artmakta ve barınma ihtiyacı karşılanamamaktadır. Oluşan bina stoku, kentsel alanlarda yığılmaya sebep olmaktadır. Kentsel yığılmanın sebep olduğu iklim değişikliği, küresel anlamda sıcaklık değişiminin yaşanmasına yol açmaktadır. Gizli ısı üreten kentleşmeyle sıcaklık artışları yaşanmaktadır. Küresel ısınmayla birlikte iklim değişikliği ortaya çıkmaktadır. Değişen iklimde, yapıların bugün ve gelecekteki termal performansları mimari tasarım sürecinde ele alınmalıdır. Sürdürülebilir mimari tasarım, planlama ve malzeme seçiminde gelecek kuşakları düşünerek mevcut kaynakları etkin ve verimli kullanarak küresel ısınmada etkin rol oynayan bina sektörünün ortaya çıkardığı CO2 emisyon oranının olumlu yönde değişmesini sağlayacaktır. Bu araştırma makalesinde, küresel ısınmanın etkisi altında mimari tasarımın nasıl bir süreç olması gerektiği ve yapılan tasarımın sürdürülebilirliğinin nasıl sağlanabileceği sorularına cevap aranmaktadır. Bu seb...

Urbanization is increasing under the influence of many factors and the need for shelter cannot be met. The resulting building stock causes agglomeration in urban areas. Climate change caused by urban agglomeration leads to global temperature change. Temperature increases are experienced by urbanization, which produces latent heat. With global warming comes climate change. In the changing climate, the present and future thermal performances of buildings should be considered in the architectural design process. Sustainable architectural design, planning and material selection will ensure that the CO2 emission rate of the building sector, which plays an active role in global warming, will change positively by using existing resources effectively and efficiently by considering future generations. In this research article, answers are sought to the questions of what kind of a process architectural design should be under the influence of global warming and how the sustainability of the design can be ensured. For this reason, by proposing Biophilic Design, it has been determined that the need for air conditioning and energy consumption will decrease, and thus more sustainable cities will emerge by reducing greenhouse gas and gaseous reactive nitrogen compounds emissions. As a result of this study, the importance of emergency action plans and long-term strategies for climate problems along with a sustainable architectural design model is revealed.

Kentler hem yaşanan sıcaklık değişiminde aktif rol oynamakta hem de bu değişimin getirmiş olduğu başta iklim değişikliği gibi birçok olumsuz sonuçtan dolayı mağdur olmaktadır. Kentlerde iklim değişikliğinden kaynaklandığı düşünülen afetler, kentin sahip olduğu karakteristik özelliklerle birlikte yeniden analiz edildiğinde, kentin ve kenti oluşturan sistemlerin dirençliliği gündeme gelmektedir. Prof. dr. ruşen YaMaÇlI eskişehir teknik Üniversitesi arş. Gör. nihal zenGin tokat Gaziosmanpaşa Üniversitesi İller&Belediyeler

The article focuses on the implementation of flower meadows within urban space as a key instrument for achieving sustainable urban development, using the Warsaw district of Bielany as an empirical case study. Drawing on current scientific research in the fields of urban ecology, spatial planning, and environmental economics, the study demonstrates that replacing traditional, intensively maintained lawns with biodiverse plant communities generates significant ecological, social, and economic benefits. Particular attention is given to the role of flower meadows in conserving and restoring urban biodiversity, improving air quality, shaping a favorable urban microclimate, and enhancing cities’ capacity to adapt to the increasing impacts of climate change. The analysis also highlights the positive effects of these forms of green space on public health, psychological well-being, and overall quality of life, underscoring the high societal relevance of the issue. The article argues that flower meadows constitute an integral component of modern urban green infrastructure, aligned with both current and forward-looking trends in eco-development, the green economy, and integrated urban space management. The Bielany case illustrates that the effective implementation of such solutions is made possible through the synergy of local government action, expert knowledge, and active community involvement, and that these experiences may serve as a valuable reference for other cities and urban districts pursuing long-term climate, environmental, and developmental objectives.

Urban planning for the coming decades must accommodate rapidly changing global conditions and communities that accept the plausibility of multiple futures and more innovative approaches to reach them. The article explores the attributes of the changing contextual conditions and new urban planning requirements, global uncertainty, chaos, urban syntax and complexity of the urban systems. Urban foresight is also discussed within the arguments of Childs, Dixon and Tewdwr-Jones, UNDP foresight manual, and other sources, for a better understanding of its theoretical core. The article ends with a comparative discussion of the urban foresight tools that can deal with "known unknowns" about the future (Childs 2023), so that "not-knowing" the future (Miller 2011) becomes an anticipated normal that requires dealing with cities as open networked systems (Batty 2018). Being interactive, creative, experience-based or evidence based as mentioned by Popper 2008 is briefly discussed for better understanding of the planners' choice of tools.

Modern şehir, insanlık tarihinin en büyük başarısı olmakla birlikte belki de en büyük kırılmasının da mekânı haline gelmiştir. Bugün şehirler yalnızca nüfus baskısı, iklim krizi ve altyapı yetersizliğiyle değil; aynı zamanda hızın dayattığı psikolojik tükenme, ekonomik eşitsizliklerin derinleşmesi, konut sorunları, aşırı betonlaşma, ulaşım krizi, çevresel kirlenme, mekânsal adaletsizlik, gibi pek çok sorunla aynı anda yüzleşmektedir. Tüm bunlara ek olarak güvenlik kaygıları, komşuluk ilişkilerinin çözülmesi, kültürel hafızanın aşınması, dijital gözetim, toplumsal kutuplaşma, sağlık ve refah hizmetlerinin yetersizliği, gençlerin kentten kopuşu, yaşlıların kent içinde görünmezleşmesi gibi çok boyutlu bir bunalımla karşı karşıyadır. Kısacası şehirler, maddi ve manevi bütün katmanlarıyla eşzamanlı bir çöküş ve dönüşüm sürecinin içindedir. Zygmunt Bauman’ın “akışkan modernlik” adını verdiği yeniçağ, kentleri geçicilik, hız ve köksüzlük arasına sıkıştırmış; Hannah Arendt’in insanın “dünya kurma” kabiliyetine işaret eden siyasallık fikri, betonun içinde yankısını kaybetmiştir.

Ne var ki insan eliyle betona boğulan şehirler, yalnızca mekânsal dokusunu kaybetmekle kalmamış; aynı zamanda insanların birbirleriyle kurduğu ilişki biçimlerini de zayıflatmıştır. Amerikalı şehir teorisyeni Jane Jacobs’ın uyardığı gibi, “sokakların gözleri” giderek kapanmış, komşuluk yerini anonim kalabalıklara bırakmıştır. Yalnızca binalar yükselmemiş; bu sebeple aslında insanlar arasındaki mesafe de yükselmiştir. Böylelikle şehir, mimari bir yoğunluğun değil, ilişkisel bir çöküşün mekânı hâline gelmiştir. Betonun tahakkümü, mekânı biçimlendirdiği kadar hafızayı da silmiş; yerin ruhu (genius loci), yerin gürültüsünde kaybolmuştur.

Betonlaşma farklı düşünce geleneklerinin uyarılarını da doğrular niteliktedir. İslam şehir düşüncesinin omurgasını oluşturan “mizan” yani ölçü ve denge ilkesi; Taoist geleneğin uyum arayışı; Stoacıların mekânın insanın karakterini biçimlendirdiğine dair vurguları—hepsi aşırılığın insana zarar vereceğini söylemiştir. Bugünün şehirleri ise tam da bu aşırılığın içinde büyümektedir: aşırı hız, aşırı nüfus, aşırı yapılaşma, aşırı tüketim. Mekân büyürken insan küçülmekte, şehir yükselirken şehircilik çökmektedir.

Bu nedenle betonlaşma, sadece estetik bir mesele değil; varoluşsal bir kırılmadır. Çünkü şehir, insanın kendini gerçekleştirdiği bir sahne olmaktan çıkarak, insanın kendi varlığını sürdürmek için mücadele verdiği bir labirente dönüşmektedir. Alman düşünür Heidegger’in “yurtsuzluk” kavramı burada yeniden anlam kazanır: İnsan, kendi inşa ettiği şehirde misafir hâline gelmiştir; yaşadığı mekânla derin bir ilişki kuramadığı için, evinde bile yabancılaşmaktadır. Bu yabancılaşma, şehirlerin ruhunu değil, insanın ruhunu tüketen bir süreçtir.

Sadece Batı’nın değil, Doğu’nun kadim şehir düşüncesi de bu sarsıntıdan payını almıştır: Çinli filozof Lao Tzu’nun yavaşlık, uyum ve ritim önerisi; Hint düşüncesindeki “ahimsa” (zararsızlık) ilkesi; İslam şehir felsefesinin adalet, huzur ve ölçülülük vurgusu—hepsi bugün kentlerde unutulan bir temrin gibi görünmektedir. Şehir, artık insanın kendini gerçekleştirdiği bir “medeniyet sahnesi” olmaktan çıkıp, insanın kendi varlığını korumak için mücadele verdiği bir kriz mekânına dönüşmektedir. Bugün yaşadığımız krizin ruhsal ve ahlaki olduğunu modern sosyoloji de kabul etmektedir. Émile Durkheim’ın “anomi” olarak kavramsallaştırdığı toplumsal çözülme, artık şehirlere sinmiş bir duygu halidir; insanlar aynı otobüsü, aynı meydanı, aynı apartmanı paylaşıyor ama aynı dünyayı paylaşamıyorlar. Budist düşünür Thich Nhat Hanh’ın “dikkatsizlik toplumu” diye tarif ettiği çağ, kentte daha görünür hâle geliyor; şehir hızlandıkça insanın kalbi ağırlaşıyor. Geçmişte şehir bir dayanışma biçimi üretirken bugün yalnızlığı çoğaltıyor; geçmişte şehir bir ritim önerirken bugün insanı ritimsizliğin eşiğine bırakıyor. Farklı coğrafyalardan yükselen bu tespitler, insanlığın şehirleşme macerasının büyük bir iç kırılmayla karşı karşıya olduğunu gösteriyor.

Kent krizi yalnızca sosyolojik ve felsefi bir mesele değil; aynı zamanda derin bir etik sorundur. Çünkü şehir sadece taş, yol ve beton değil; insanın insanla karşılaşma biçimidir. Müslüman düşünür İbn Haldun’un asabiyet teorisi, Aristoteles’in polis tasavvuru ve Augustinus’un Tanrı kenti anlayışı, her birinin ortak bir noktaya işaret ettiğini gösterir: Şehir, ancak ortak iyiyi gözettiğinde şehir olur. Ne var ki günümüz kentleri ekonomik büyüme adına toplumsal iyiliği feda eden yapılara dönüştükçe, mekânsal adalet yerini mekânsal eşitsizliğe bırakmış, şehir bir “ortak yaşam” alanından çok bir “rekabet sahası”na dönüşmüştür. Modern kentçilik aşırı hızın, aşırı tüketimin ve aşırı yalnızlığın mekânı hâline gelirken, insanın insana karşı sorumluluk duygusu da eritilmiştir. Bu nedenle kriz, yalnızca yollarda, binalarda, ulaşımda değil; aynı zamanda insanın kalbinde, ilişkilerinde ve hayatın anlam çerçevesinde derinleşmektedir.

İçinde yaşadığımız şehirler, modern zamanların hızına teslim oldukça insanın hem kendisiyle hem de ötekiyle kurduğu bağ inceliyor; mekânlar genişledikçe ilişkiler daralıyor. Şehircilik literatürünün yıllardır tartıştığı bu gerilim, artık ahlaki ve varoluşsal bir sorudur. Bizler de bu sayıyı tasarlarken kendimize bu soruyu sorduk: “İnsanı önceleyen bir şehir mümkün müdür?”
Bu sorunun eşiğinde dururken, dünyada giderek daha fazla karşılık bulan Cittaslow felsefesi, yalnızca yavaşlamayı değil, insanın kendi hayat ritmini, toplumsal dayanışmayı ve mekânsal adaleti yeniden düşünmesini teklif ediyor. Cittaslow’un önerdiği şehir, sadece daha sakin bir çevre vaad etmiyor; diğer taraftan merhameti, yani insanın insana karşı sorumluluğunu hatırlatan bir şehir anlayışını da sunuyor. Bu yaklaşım, sürdürülebilirlik kavramını teknik bir çerçevenin ötesine taşıyarak, toplumsal ilişkilere, kamusal yaşama ve gündelik hayata yeni bir anlam eklemeyi teklif ediyor.

Tezkire’nin bu özel sayısında, “Cittaslow, Merhamet ve Sürdürülebilir Şehircilik” başlığı altında hem modern kent eleştirisini hem de insan-merkezli yeni şehir arayışlarını farklı yönleriyle tartışmaya açıyoruz. Bu sayı, yalnızca Cittaslow hareketinin güncel şehircilikteki yeri üzerine değil, aynı zamanda merhamet, yavaşlık, adalet, ölçü, kadim şehir geleneği ve geleceğin kent politikaları üzerine kapsamlı bir düşünme alanı sunuyor. Felsefi temellerden sosyal hizmet perspektifine, Osmanlı şehircilik geleneğinin uzun tarihsel birikiminden Amerika’daki yavaş şehir tartışmalarına kadar genişleyen bu dosya, sakin şehir yaklaşımının bugünün kriz içindeki kentlerine ne söylediğini ve yarının şehirlerine ne teklif ettiğini ele alıyor.

Bu sayıda yer alan araştırma makaleleri, Cittaslow hareketinin postmodern kent eleştirisi içindeki felsefi konumundan başlayarak, Türkiye’nin ilk Cittaslow şehri olan Seferihisar’ın dezavantajlı gruplara sunduğu sosyal imkânları; sürdürülebilir şehircilik ile merhamet merkezli yaşam pratiklerinin nasıl kesiştiğini; küreselleşmenin hız rejimlerinin şehirleri nasıl dönüştürdüğünü; akıllı şehir paradigmasının gençler, aile ve toplumsal yapı üzerindeki etkilerini; ve Osmanlı şehircilik geleneğinin bugüne bıraktığı ahlaki, estetik ve kamusal mirası farklı yönleriyle ele alıyor. Yavaş şehir hareketinin Amerika şehirleri açısından neden giderek daha cazip bir alternatif haline geldiğini tartışan makaleler ise dosyanın uluslararası perspektifini derinleştiriyor.

Bu bütünün içinde, mimar ve düşünür Semih Akşeker ile yapılan röportaj özel bir yer tutuyor. “Hızdan Sükûnete: Mimarlığın Çağdaş Krizi” başlıklı bu söyleşi, modern mimarlığın kutsal mekân fikriyle ilişkisini, betonarme çağının getirdiği tahribatı, sürdürülebilirliğin çoğu zaman bir pazarlama stratejisine dönüşmesini ve mimarlığın etik sorumluluklarını derinlikli bir biçimde ele alıyor. Akşeker, estetik ideallerin yerini görünürlük, hız ve tüketim mantığının aldığını; adeta ezberleri bozarak mimarlığın önündeki en büyük meselenin ise dünyaya daha az müdahale etme cesareti olduğunu vurguluyor. Röportaj, yalnızca mimarlığa değil; şehir, doğa, adalet, merhamet ve insanın yeryüzündeki varoluşuna dair güçlü bir teorik zemin sunuyor.

Ayrıca kitabiyat bölümünde yer alan değerlendirmeler; akademide hız kültürünü eleştiren The Slow Professor, küresel hız çağının toplumsal ve ekonomik maliyetlerini tartışan Danny Dorling, şehircilik literatürünün kilometre taşlarından biri olan Jane Jacobs, Cittaslow pratiklerine dair özgün saha araştırmaları ve kentleşmenin coğrafi boyutlarını ele alan çalışmalar üzerinden bu özel sayının kavramsal bütünlüğünü tamamlıyor. Böylece hem entelektüel hem tarihsel hem de pratik katmanları bir araya getiren çok yönlü bir Cittaslow dosyası ortaya koyuyoruz.
Bu özel sayı, şehirlerin teknik meselelerden ziyade ahlaki, toplumsal ve varoluşsal sorularla da karşı karşıya olduğu bir çağda; yavaşlık, merhamet, adalet ve insani ölçüye yeniden dönmenin mümkün olup olmadığını sorgulayan bir düşünme alanı açmayı amaçlıyor. Cittaslow felsefesinin sunduğu bu alternatif modeller, daha insani, daha adil ve daha yaşanabilir bir şehir tahayyülü öneriyor.

Yunus Emre Tozal
Chicago, 2025

This paper aims to present a comparative analysis of the impact of food quality and service quality on the overall satisfaction of guests who rate restaurants on the TripAdvisor website. Through the conducted research, we collected and analysed written comments and ratings of the guests of 3,163 restaurants in Belgrade, Zagreb, Ljubljana, Sarajevo, Skopje and Podgorica, made during a period of five years preceding the pandemic. After the analysis of 118,884 reviews, we presented the results of the impact of the ratings of various attributes of the restaurant service (atmosphere, food quality, service quality, price-quality ratio) on overall guest satisfaction, and a comparative analysis of the impact of food quality and service quality on the overall satisfaction of the guests who evaluated the observed restaurants. The results of the research showed that not all attributes have the same impact on overall guest satisfaction and that food quality, without exception, had a greater impact than service quality on the overall satisfaction of restaurant users on the TripAdvisor website during the observed period, in relation to the analysed restaurants.

The campaign for the inclusion of a specifically urban goal within the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) was challenging. Numerous divergent interests were involved, while urban areas worldwide are also extremely heterogeneous. It was essential to minimize the number of targets and indicators while still capturing critical urban dimensions relevant to human development. It was also essential to test the targets and indicators. This paper reports the findings of a unique comparative pilot project involving co-production between researchers and local authority officials in five diverse secondary and intermediate cities: Bangalore (Bengaluru), India; Cape Town, South Africa; Gothenburg, Sweden; Greater Manchester, United Kingdom; and Kisumu, Kenya. Each city faced problems in providing all the data required, and each also proposed various changes to maximize the local relevance of particular targets and indicators. This reality check provided invaluable inputs to the...

目的 步行环境品质是中国综合性大学新校园建设的薄弱环节和关键问题。作为高密度热带城市，新加坡的公共步行系统独具特色，梳理其校园步行空间的经验可为中国大学校园改造更新提供参考。方法 梳理校园步行环境4个关键方面（整体布局、公共空间营造、景观融合与设施构造），对新加坡国立大学校园和南洋理工大学校园的步行空间进行实地调研与设计特征分析。结果 两校均基于集约化的建筑布局，实现有盖顶步行空间与校园功能和公交站点的高效连接；在步行节点通过复合功能界面和多样化的空间形态营造公共空间，并确保空间符合人性化尺度；融合地形与景观要素营造场所感；并综合运用气候适应性构造和步行友好设施等设计要素。结论 针对中国大学校园的现状，提出了创新管理方式促进空间开放共享、优化校园边界融合周边社区、依托集约布局构建高效步行系统、引入新技术支持步行空间改造规划过程等策略。

Walkability is a vital component that can significantly enhance the livability of public spaces. By prioritizing walkable environments, cities can develop vibrant areas that promote social interaction, cultural engagement, and community cohesion. The influx of diverse populations in Qatar, driven by the national need to manage recent rapid urban development, has resulted in the creation of new public realms designed to accommodate a wider range of residents. However, the authors argue that the role of walkability in enhancing the livability of these spaces, especially in fostering social interaction, has not been sufficiently explored. This research study aims to explore the impact of walkability on the livability of Al-Saad Plaza in the Boulevard District of Lusail City, a prominent public space within one of Doha's major urban developments. Quantitative and qualitative data, collected through site visits, photographs, planimetry, structured interviews, observations, and a survey study, will be analyzed to assess the current urban setting and identify its strengths and weaknesses. The findings will contribute to developing a framework to improve the livability of Al-Saad Plaza on Lusail Boulevard by enhancing its walkability. While this research study focuses on a specific case, the exploratory insights serve to guide future studies in other GCC contexts.

Doha, the capital of the State of Qatar, has faced enormous economic growth and rapid urban transformation over the last few decades. More recently, this has been accentuated by the construction of major urban public transit systems in the State and a desire to implement the Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) model in new developments and/or urban regeneration projects along the new 'Doha Metro' rail network. A TOD is a mixed-use area planned to maximize access to public transport and encourage transit ridership. Scholars argue that TODs encourage sustainable urbanism via enhancement of livability by better integrating transportation and land-use strategies in urban form. This makes it critical to better understand the challenges and benefits that TODs offer for models of urbanism in formulating strategies and guidelines for the planning of sustainable settlements. This study focuses on one major new transit hubs in Qatar: West Bay, the waterfront business district of Doha, and its surrounding neighborhood. The aim of the research study is to evaluate the extent to which the new West Bay TOD will impact livability in the district and surrounding neighborhood. The findings provide a guide for the design and implementation of the TOD model in other districts of Doha to enhance livability for residents and citizens.

In a rapidly developing nation such as Qatar, the prime aspect of growth is directed toward delivering social, economic, and environmental coherence in its neighborhood development. Qatar's current fast economic growth and the physical transformation of its built environment compromises social and environmental aspects. However, if applied suitably, these transformations can enhance these compromised aspects while increasing economic prosperity. Such transformations include major urban public transit systems currently under construction for the 2022 FIFA World Cup and 2030 Qatar National Vision (QNV-2030), which aims to connect the center of Doha to several megaprojects and transit villages around major metro stations. The main goal of projects such as the Doha Metro System is to reduce the number of vehicles on the road networks while providing a "stress-free" transition experience. Therefore, the pursuit of transit-oriented developments (TODs), as part of an integrated transportation and land use strategy, will aid in the revitalization of urban neighborhoods in terms of both social and environmental aspects, while allowing for economic prosperity. The main challenge for urban planners is to design the metro stations and accompanying facilities to be well integrated into the urban context of their surroundings, thus reducing traffic through the design of mixed-use, compact transit villages. This study aims to explore the extent to which the new metro station can be interconnected with the spatial form of the built environment of the Souq Waqif neighborhood. This research study argues that efficient integration of land use with balanced transportation will contribute to creating a more livable environment with reduced automobile dependence while aiding the economic context. The research design includes qualitative data based on theoretical studies to assess the principles of TODs and the extent of further implementations that can be employed for the Souq neighborhood to become a TOD.

In the past decade, Doha has witnessed fast-urban growth, an increased population rate, and an over-reliance on the automobile as the main mode of urban transportation. These factors caused social and environmental problems related to (1) the loss of a compact urban pattern, (2) an increased level of air pollution (3) high traffic congestions and (4) increasing landscape fragmentation. In consideration of such concerns, The State of Qatar invested large funds into the urban landscape development of Doha, as envisioned by Qatar National Vision 2030. As a result, in the past five years various parks and/or green areas, such MIA Park, a major public green space located around the Museum of Islamic Art (MIA), were planned and developed within metropolitan Doha. The authors argue that this park is currently facing issues and challenges related to (1) accessibility to/from the neighboring districts, and (2) connectivity to/from the neighboring parks. Therefore, this research study aims at assessing the existing conditions of MIA Park, at considering the broader city context and, at recommending strategies for implementing MIA Park's green network system. It approached the investigative challenge using a multi-pronged comprehensive methodology, that deployed focus groups, semi-structured interviews and a comprehensive network analysis based on graph theory. The findings, revealed through these hybrid research tactics, allowed the researchers to generate a framework to enhance accessibility and connectivity of MIA Park through a green network system, planned at interrelated neighborhoodscale and city-scale levels. While the research examines most notably a single case, it is advocated that the proposed framework represents not just an optional feature pertaining to the case in Doha, but a valuable reference for the sustainable master planning of future cities in the State of Qatar and across the GCC. The paper proffers numerous key contributions, including the critical exploration of manufactured landscapes in Doha Qatar and the delineation of broadly applicable environmental design strategies to improve the fabric and livability of cities.

Emergent communities have integrated land use and transportation plan based on transit-oriented developments (TODs) and light rail transit with the sole purpose to enliven and redevelop the constructed environment. Doha has undergone some major transformation in urban growth context due to surge in the economy instigated by oil and gas production. It is noticed that the rapid growth has led to negative impacts in terms of urban design, connectivity, and transportation. It is essential to understand the impact of the TOD model with regards to the challenges and approaches in terms of planning procedures and tactics. The purpose of TOD module is to facilitate access for public transportation and to enable transit commutation which is a missing aspect in the current setting. TODs support and enable sustainable urbanism by revitalizing the livability through integration of land use schemes in the city. This paper focuses on bringing together TOD livability approaches within West Bay, the business district of Doha and its adjacent surroundings. The objective of this research is to assess the livability in West Bay with the implementation of the TOD model. The research findings help to revisit the design and application of TOD models and to enhance the livable conditions for its occupants. The finding suggests a design model based on livability, compactness, public realms, walkability, and accessibility.

Over the last two decades, Doha, the capital city of Qatar, has undergone rapid urbanization. The city has capitalized large-scale urban and infrastructural projects resulting in a loss of historical areas of heritage value to people. Recent construction of the Doha Metro is opening avenues for placemaking of transit towns through a framework envisioned by the need to shape compact, livable and sustainable neighborhoods and to mitigate the effects of urbanization on valuable historical heritage sites. Due to its historic significance, the Qatar National Museum (QNM)-Souq Waqif corridor is the case study selected for exploring and defining a framework for a contextualized place-making transit-oriented development (TOD) model. The research design is structured by reviewing the literature about TODs and the need for place-making model in Qatar, followed by collecting visual data from municipal authorities, through site visits, and site observations. The data are then analyzed to propose a novel masterplan, rooted in key urban design components of place-making. The insights will contribute to proposals for context-driven design strategies to enhance livability of the site and to extend its application to other potential transit hubs in metropolitan Doha and in the Middle East.

Socio-cultural factors are amongst the most prominent forces that reshape the development of housing in Qatar when considering its vernacular architectural history. The research study uses space syntax analysis supported by other simulation and visualization techniques to examine the extent to which socio-cultural patterns influence the spatial form of traditional Qatari houses. The findings reveal that, despite changes in time and across eras, socio-cultural patterns, namely, (i) privacy, (ii) gender segregation, and (iii) hospitality, determine the spatial form of Qatari vernacular houses. Knowledge obtained from this research study contributes to the construction of architectural identity, auspicated to be referred to along the planned strategy for the urban regeneration of the built environment in Qatar (as envisioned through the goals of Qatar National Vision 2030).

In recent decades, Doha, the capital of Qatar, has experienced a large-scale transformation due to globalization and rapid economic growth. Recently, these changes have led to a focus on infrastructural development and the launch of the city's metro project, whose success will depend heavily on Transit-Oriented Development (TOD). TOD focuses on the "3Ds" principles-design, density, and diversity-aiming to create walkable neighborhoods and well-integrated public transportation, with diverse mixed land uses and high-density, sustainable growth. In combining the concepts of livability, sustainable urbanism, and urban sociology, TOD leads to the creation of vibrant and active neighborhoods. The present research project focuses on TOD around Doha's West Bay metro station, using the city's central business district as a case study. The aim of this research project is to investigate the existing site conditions of the West Bay area, evaluate them with respect to TOD principles, and then propose a master plan for improved development. The final product of the research project is a proposal with design guidelines that are aimed at increasing the ridership of the West Bay metro station and creating a more attractive and dynamic neighborhood.

Over the last two decades, transit-oriented development (TOD) has been widely implemented as an integrated strategy to enhance urban livability. Doha, the capital of the State of Qatar, has faced urban challenges such as excessive reliance on private vehicles, absence of a well-established public transportation system, and issues with integration of last-mile connectivity. This research study explores Al Sadd, a mixed-use neighborhood in Doha, in order to investigate key factors to be addressed for enhancing urban livability within this neighborhood. These factors were analyzed through a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods incorporating: (1) a literature review focusing on sustainability, smart growth, and transit-oriented development; (2) data collection and analysis utilizing oral and visual data from the Qatari Ministry of Municipality and Environment (MME), Qatar Rail, and private engineering and consulting companies; and (3) analytical and applied study through site analysis, observation, photographs, and field notes. A regeneration master plan for the study area proposes the creation of avenues for urban interaction through the introduction of community open spaces, pedestrian-friendly streets, and other measures promoting city compactness. The outcome of this research study illustrates how the enactment of a TOD model can lead to smart growth and eco-friendly urban living by emphasizing TOD principles which promote a pedestrian-oriented neighborhood.

Since the 1970s, Qatar's rapid urban growth has resulted in a segregated and poorly connected urban form, particularly in the country's capital, Doha. Although the recent opening of the Doha Metro has begun to mitigate some of the city's challenges, local authorities recognize the need for a more comprehensive urban design which can ensure safe and convenient connectivity with the public transportation system. To this end, the government has developed the Qatar National Development Framework, an action plan for the management of Qatar's urban development. One of its aims is to integrate the Doha Metro with the urban fabric of the city and to ensure that urban growth follows the principles of transitoriented development, referring to a pattern of development centered on transit hubs supporting a mix of land uses in a well-connected and safe urban environment. This research article attempts to assess the effects of transit-oriented development on livability in mixed-use neighborhoods. The area around the Al Mansoura metro station within the Najma and Al Mansoura neighborhoods is selected as a case study. This analysis of urban form uses integrated modification methodology and focuses on three main determinants: compactness, complexity, and connectivity. Based on this analysis, several recommendations are made, whose implementation should enhance livability throughout the study area.

Doha, the capital of the State of Qatar, has seen rapid growth in recent years, resulting in challenges that can be addressed through sustainable urban design strategies. Such approaches, including Transit-Oriented Development, aim to provide compact urban forms with mixed-use development enabling easy access to the city's transit services. In light of such objectives, and with the 2022 World Cup being hosted in Qatar, the government has invested heavily in its public transportation system and in implementing Transit-Oriented Development. This work presents an analysis of the current status of Transit-Oriented Development in the knowledge hub in Doha known as Education City. A case study methodology was used, which included site observation, photographic documentation, mapping, and statistical analysis based on recent census data. The analysis shows that the use of public transportation throughout the site is relatively low, largely due to the region's hot climate and the local mobility culture, in which there is a general preference for private vehicle use. The culmination of this investigation is a master plan for the study area, which foresees further enhancement of the area while still holding to the aims of Transit-Oriented Development. To this end, key recommendations for modifying the prevailing mobility culture are suggested, such as increasing the availability of multimodal transportation in order to improve public transportation functionality and modifying certain aspects of the public transportation system so that it is convenient and comfortable, even during periods of very hot weather. The findings of this study highlight the potential of urban design to change people's behavior and increase awareness of multimodal transport options.

Purpose-This research study aims at revealing a planning method for the development of the Souq Waqif-Transit village. Design/methodology/approach-Over the past decade, transit-oriented developments (TODs) have become an international city planning model for promoting sustainable urbanism. On a regional scale, the State of Qatar launched the construction of Doha Metro. The current network consists of three lines with a central interchange station within the city's most vibrant cultural core, i.e., between Msheireb Downtown Doha and Msheireb, near to the Souq Waqif historical site and Al Corniche waterfront promenade. The Qatar National Development Framework emphasizes the importance of stimulating sustainable urban growth by linking the Doha Metro with TODs. Findings-The findings show that the benefits of a strategy for monitoring and assessing the potential benefits of the investigated TOD linked to the analysis of the indices for (1) travel behavior, (2) built environment diversity and (3) other categories specific to the site's historical-heritage preservation. Research limitations/implications-Namely, a comprehensive approach for developing a historical site is/ should be grounded in a planning method for enhancing the mixed-used urban fabric, public realm and walkability, and heritage preservation. Social implications-The insights from this research study aim to guide the long-term sustainable urban growth of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) cities in the future. Originality/value-The proposed sustainable growth planning scheme for the Souq Waqif addresses gaps highlighted through design tools of investigation. The missing attributes concern three key factors: (1) mixedused urban fabric, (2) public realm and walkability and (3) built heritage preservation. The quality of streetscape, corridors, connections and connectivity of pedestrian and walkable network: TOD is not dependent on a singular mode of transport (Doha Metro), but it includes all systems that allow for mass public mobility within the city districts. Integrating other transport systems within mixed-use areas should be reevaluated based on accessibility to such systems, including taxi services, public bus services and public shuttles.

Scholars argue that the efficient integration between public transportation systems and potential transit villages is the best strategy to be adopted to achieve sustainable urban development and manage the expansion of cities. Thus, across the world, large funds are invested in developing public transportation systems with metro operations to address sustainable urban development and shift toward transit-oriented development (TOD). Since the discovery of oil and gas in the 1940s, Doha, the capital city of Qatar, has been exposed to accelerating urbanization, which, in turn, led to arguably unsustainable urban development. In response, the Qatari government, aiming to manage the urban expansion of Doha through the pillars of sustainable urban development, has (1) released planning policy documents (QNV2030 and QNDF 2032), (2) amended the national master plan, and (3) launched the construction of Metro Rail project (in 2013). This research study investigates the extent to which the ongoing urban expansion of Doha aligns with the developed framework for sustainable urban development as envisioned by national planning policies through a multiple-layer analysis of maps for five critical nodes: (1) Doha metro transit nodes, (2) megaprojects, (3) malls, (4) stadiums, and (5) green spaces in metropolitan Doha. The findings reveal that (1) transit villages can be created at metro stations located near shopping malls, followed by green spaces and megaprojects; and (2) the proposed set of guidelines favor the development of economic transit nodes that comply with the key characteristic of TOD.

Doha, the capital city of Qatar, has experienced remarkable urban growth over the last two decades. This raises concerns regarding the city's fulfillment of compactness, complexity, and connectivity. This paper considers transit-oriented development (TOD) as a potential tool to attain a sustainable and diverse urban landscape in a situated context. Qualitative research methods, which include observations and mapping, are employed to gain a deeper understanding of the physical aspects of a situated context in the neighborhood of Al-Slata, Doha. Specifically, this paper aims to investigate the implementation of TOD in metro station precincts within Al-Slata based on five design aspects: (1) walkability; (2) balance of ground use; (3) mixed-use spaces; (4) intermodality and transportation hubs; and (5) a public transportation network. The findings include a lack of complexity and connectivity between urban activities and spaces adjacent to the metro station. In addition, these findings demonstrate the potential of metro stations to preserve the cultural heritage and social identity in a rapidly developing city like Doha. The recommendations include a layout design proposal to increase connectivity and complexity within the situated context and suggestions on how transit nodes and metro stations could become active hubs within the city.

The topic of social sustainability and livability in urban environments is of paramount importance as cities continue to expand and urbanization rates soar. In hot and arid regions like The Pearl, the distinctive climate and cultural factors present challenges in creating socially sustainable public spaces. Existing literature has predominantly focused on the indoor environment, leaving a significant gap in understanding outdoor walkability in these regions. This research study strives to bridge this gap by taking a closer look at outdoor walkability within the context of The Pearl, with an exclusive focus on its waterfront promenade. Additionally, we aim to contribute valuable insights into how the design and planning of outdoor public spaces can enhance social sustainability and livability in hot and arid climates. This study incorporates qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis using a mixed-methods approach. Through this approach, the study investigates the physical characteristics, climate, cultural factors, and social activities associated with The Pearl's waterfront promenade. The investigation reveals that The Pearl possesses numerous physical and social attributes that enhance its walkability and livability. Nonetheless, the study also identifies several challenges that necessitate attention to fully unlock the potential of the outdoor environment in augmenting social sustainability. The findings of this study hold implications for informing the planning and design of outdoor spaces in other hot and arid regions, facilitating the enhancement of livability and sustainability in such environments.

The fields of urban design and public health play an important role in the success and failure of the city. Research combining the two fields to improve citizens' lives is rare, particularly in a rapidly developing city like Doha. This study highlights the urban planning efforts of the municipality of Doha city to improve the mental health of its citizens and aims to understand the impact of urban design elements on mental health by analyzing the physical form and characteristics of green urban areas in Doha. The methods employed include an observational study and a structured survey interview, where visitors' responses to selected green urban areas are analyzed. The results show how Doha officials are working to improve the mental health of its citizens by providing accessible, child-friendly, older citizen-friendly, and equitable green urban spaces and suggesting policies that could provide more opportunities for people and the government to provide a healthier environment in Doha. The implications encompass shaping urban design strategies, raising public awareness, enhancing healthcare initiatives, and ultimately emphasizing the positive impact of well-designed green spaces for mental well-being in Doha and other Gulf countries.

Cities around the world are evolving dramatically due to urbanization. Over the last few decades, rapid urbanization coupled with rapid economic growth in Qatar has resulted in transport-related issues such as urban sprawl, traffic congestion, poor walkability, and an increasingly inefficient transit network lacking pedestrian accessibility and connectivity. The related sprawl (due to a lack of compactness), a lack of intricacy, and connectivity have challenged the built environment's sustainability. The Souq Waqif neighborhood, renowned for its rich cultural heritage and historical significance, serves as the focal point of this study. Its central positioning and status as a prominent social nexus within Doha render it an ideal case study. Specifically, this research investigates the Souq Waqif metro station, evaluating it through the lens of five distinct design aspects: (1) walkability, (2) ground use balance, (3) mixed-use spaces and public spaces, (4) multi-modality and transportation hubs, and (5) public transportation network. To reach this aim, the study methodology uses a qualitative approach informed by the Integrated Modification Methodology (IMM). The IMM framework provides a means to transform underperforming neighborhoods like Souq Waqif, into more cohesive and sustainable communities by retrofitting, renovating, and reactivating the existing urban fabric. Site observations, interviews, and surveys were used to collect data to complement the analysis. Findings highlight the deficiencies in connectivity and multimodal transportation adjacent to the Souq Waqif metro station. In addition, the ability of metro stations to conserve crucial cultural legacy and social identity in rapidly urbanizing cities like Doha is explored. To this end, recommendations are given to increase the efficiency and sustainability of Souq Waqif and the like.

Historically, urban development has always been centered on coastal areas, with access to waterbodies-seas, rivers and canals-being a significant advantage for movement and trade. With most of the world's megapolises located on coasts, land reclamation offers a solution for the expansion of city centers which are otherwise restricted by the coastline. This study aims to define the current understanding of urban regeneration and development on reclaimed lands, addressing the basic questions of what, why and how. This study aims to assess urban regeneration on reclaimed coastal land based on the principles of sustainable development defined by existing studies. The literature review establishes a theoretical framework and defines performance-based benchmarks for identifying spatial indicators of urban development. Composite indicators, namely open space coverage, land use mix, the percentage of coast for people, accessibility to public transportation and amenities, the availability of pedestrian paths and cycling tracks and adequate road networks, are considered for this framework. The conclusions are drawn based on the results of an analysis of spatial layout using a GIS as a tool to map and empirically measure each indicator. The framework is validated using a major land reclamation project, West Bay, in the coastal urban area of Doha in Qatar. The results determine that West Bay has achieved a good level of sustainability, although there are areas that could be enhanced to improve the overall sustainability of urban development further. These findings can serve as a guide for policymakers and various stakeholders for sustainable urban planning on reclaimed coastal lands.

Rapid urbanization and car dependency have transformed Riyadh into a sprawling metropolis, straining mobility, sustainability, and land use efficiency. Investments in metro and Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems present an opportunity to shift toward transit-oriented development (TOD), making strategic urban planning essential. This study assesses Riyadh's TOD potential by analyzing its urban structure, transport accessibility, and regulatory framework while drawing lessons from successful global models. This study applies GIS-based spatial analysis, policy review, and AI-driven clustering techniques (e.g., DBSCAN, K-Means) to evaluate TOD readiness and inform actionable strategies for Riyadh. The findings indicate that transit investments alone are insufficient due to gaps in zoning policies, pedestrian connectivity, and urban density. Enhancing compact, mixed-use developments, improving firstand last-mile accessibility, and leveraging AI-driven planning can reshape the city's mobility ecosystem and foster sustainable urban growth. Vision 2030 provides a pivotal opportunity to align infrastructure investments with urban planning policies, ensuring Riyadh evolves into a modern, efficient, and transit-friendly city.

Urban voids and leftover spaces challenge the urban development of cities and result in land vacancy and other spatial planning issues. Such spaces have great potential for innovative intervention through piece-by-piece sustainable urban design and small-scale actions to foster livability and sustainability. This paper analyzes urban voids in the Al-Najada zone in Doha, Qatar. The zone has a valuable cultural and historical background. The paper uses the case study method to analyze the urban voids and develop re-planning scenarios through visual schematic design and photomontage. The paper demonstrates the application of sustainable and social principles to rejuvenate old areas by creating functions for urban voids.

Automobile dependence has long shaped mobility patterns across urban and suburban landscapes, resulting in
congestion, social fragmentation, and economic inefficiencies. In response to climate change, rising greenhouse
gas emissions, and volatile oil prices, cities worldwide are turning to public transit as a sustainable alternative.
Transit-Oriented Developments (TODs) are increasingly recognized as a policy tool to reshape mobility, urban
form, and urban livability.
Middle Eastern cities, historically reliant on private vehicles, are now making significant investments in transit
infrastructure. Doha, the capital of Qatar, has undergone rapid economic and demographic expansion over the
past two decades, largely driven by the hydrocarbon sector. To manage urban growth and enhance mobility, the
city is implementing an integrated public transport system including the Doha Metro, Lusail LRT, and Bus Rapid
Transit (BRT).
This study investigates three interrelated dimensions: (1) the integration of transit infrastructure with land use
as part of Doha’s urban transformation, (2) the development trajectory of the Lusail LRT system, and (3) the
policy relevance and livability impacts of TODs in Doha. The methodology combines spatial analysis of land use
and transit networks with policy review and stakeholder perspectives, allowing for qualitative assessment of TOD
opportunities, challenges, and impacts on urban quality of life.
The findings reveal that TODs can inform policy interventions aimed at reducing car dependence, enhancing
accessibility, promoting mixed-use development, and fostering walkable, socially cohesive communities.
Furthermore, they provide a transferable framework for developing socio-culturally contextualized TOD strategies
in rapidly urbanizing, car-dependent settings. These insights extend beyond Doha, offering guidance for
other Gulf cities seeking to balance modernization with sustainable and culturally sensitive urban development.

Комплекс Астрономске опсерваторије је један од нај старијих и највреднијих градских простора у Београду, с богатом научном и културно историјском традицијом. Циљ нам је да период обнове његовог већег дела 2015. до 2023, године хронолошки прикажемо кроз изложбу и овај каталог како бисмо документовали цеo процес конзерваторскорес таураторских радова који су допринели очувању аутентич ности овог значајног комплекса. На овај начин желели смо да настале промене забележимо и сачувамо од заборава.

Incrementar la vegetación urbana es
una de las estrategias para mitigar los
efectos del cambio climático por varias
razones, entre otras, aminorar el aumento
de la temperatura en las ciudades. Este
55
incremento no solo se refiere a aumentar
el número de árboles, sino también, exige
descubrir dónde es mejor hacerlo a gran
escala.
El objetivo de este estudio es demostrar
que los conjuntos habitacionales de la
Corporación de la Vivienda (CORVI) cons
truidos a finales de la década de 1960
poseen tres condiciones particulares en el
suelo, que permiten la presencia no solo
masas de vegetación continua, sino que
pueden albergar su incremento a escala
urbana, y con ello, contribuir a disminuir la
temperatura al interior de los conjuntos.
Mediante una lectura cruzada de imágenes
satelitales, índices de vegetación (NDVI), y
mapas de temperatura superficial de suelo
(LST) se analizan tres casos en distintas
comunas del sur de Santiago, que presentan
bajos índices de áreas verdes por habitante.
Los resultados indican que, independiente
de la ubicación de los casos en la capital,
los amplios porcentajes de suelo que no
han sido sellados posibilitan la presencia
de una cubierta vegetal arbórea, arbustiva
y herbácea concentrada entre los bloques,
y continua fuera de sus límites. Incluso en
1Facultad de Arquitectura, Diseño y Estudios Urbanos,
Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
2Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
  *https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7493-3215
**https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7651-7802
el caso con poca vegetación, pero con el
suelo no sellado, la temperatura superficial
también disminuye en relación a su contexto
inmediato. Es importante destacar que
estas características no son exclusivas de
estos ejemplos, sino que están presentes
de diversas formas en 105 conjuntos y
sus 2082 bloques en Chile. Este amplio
universo de casos los convierte en áreas
potencialmente idóneas para incrementar
la vegetación urbana y con ello, disminuir
el incremento de la temperatura urbana
producto del cambio climático.

Old towns of south India face difficulties to cope up with morphological changes due to rapid urbanization. This research understands the morphological configuration of old Thanjavur town based on three parameters: connectivity, integration and depth of street networks from the aspect of emergency evacuation in the event of a fire disaster.UCL DepthmapX simulation and Space Syntax are used to analyze the degree of connectivity and network. Analysis for regression between connectivity and integration shows correlation value of 0.2757 (R 2 =0.076) in western zone. The southern zone shows a correlation value of 0.3592 (R 2 =0.129). The correlation value of eastern zone is 0.3975 (R 2 =0.158) and in northern zone it is 0.2302 (R 2 =0.053). Result shows low levels of intelligibility in northern and western zones of Thanjavur town which are vulnerable in the event of fire disaster evacuation.

Contemporary global challenges such as climate change, resource depletion, ecosystem degradation, and social inequities require comprehensive and integrated approaches to achieve sustainable development. While existing development and sustainability paradigms address specific aspects of sustainability, they often fall short in driving systemic transformation and ensuring long-term resilience. In response to these limitations, the concept of the regenerative economy emerges as a holistic framework that integrates ecological restoration, social equity, and economic vitality. This study conducts a systematic literature review of 84 scholarly articles to synthesize and cluster existing research within the regenerative economy domain. Utilizing a Large Language Model (LLM) for zero-shot classification, the analysis identifies seven primary clusters-Sustainability and Environmental Impact, Climate Change and Energy, Urban and Built Environment, Economic and Industrial Systems, Education and Social Impact, Technological Innovations and Systems, and Policy, Governance, and Standards-further subdivided into 21 subgroups. Each cluster encapsulates key themes and interdisciplinary approaches essential for advancing regenerative economy practices. The findings highlight the interconnectedness of various sustainability dimensions and underscore the necessity of integrated governance, innovative technological solutions, and inclusive policy frameworks. By mapping the current state of regenerative economy research, this study provides a structured overview that facilitates deeper understanding and informs future strategic initiatives aimed at achieving a resilient and prosperous sustainable future.

The term "sustainable urbanism" has been criticized over its inconsistent and imprecise definition, leading to challenges in implementing actionable reforms and achieving urban sustainability goals. A clearer approach may be to identify its opposite: specifically, forms of urbanism that cause an unacceptable buildup of toxic or climate-altering emissions, deplete resources beyond sustainable levels, progressively destroy critical ecologies, and cause other identifiable sources of potentially catastrophic harm to human and urban welfare. Here, we present a model of such an "unsustainable urbanism", and we further observe that it is in fact the dominant model of urban structure to this day. Its features include an over-reliance on low-occupancy vehicular transport, at the expense of other modes including walking; inefficient envelope, size, orientation and adaptability of buildings; ecologically destructive infrastructure systems for handling water, energy and other resources; and-under-appreciated but fundamentally important, as we will explore-the decline of a well-connected, walkable, functionally and aesthetically appealing public realm. This model remains dominant in spite of the many goals, agendas and declarations on sustainable urbanism at the highest policy level. We observe that the lack of progress is in large part the result of system "lock-in"-economic and professional incentives and disincentives, standards, laws, codes, and other forms of feedback that reinforce "business as usual" and create barriers to reform. Therefore, the agenda ahead must address the specific levers of change to overcome this systemic lock-in, drawing insights from economics, technology and the social sciences to do so. We present the outlines of this agenda and make conclusions for the necessary steps ahead.