Silver Nanoparticle

Objective: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is presently one of the most common and most deadly malignancies in the world, and it has a poor prognosis and a limited number of treatment strategies. Conventional treatment usually has serious side effects and resistance. The current study was designed to compare the effectiveness of Adansonia digitata L. (baobab) fruit extract as a green biosynthetic agent, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnNPs@BF) and to determines potential anticancer activity on liver cancer. Methods: ZnO nanoparticle synthesis was performed using the baobab extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing agent. The phytochemical content of baobab, the process involved in nanoparticle fabrication, and the physicochemical characteristics of ZnNPs@BF were established. An overview of the in vitro studies on cytotoxicity was provided, with particular focus on the comparison of liver cancer cells to normal ones. Results: The synthesized ZnNPs@BF by the green approach showed excellent properties with a homogeneous hexagonal structure and an average crystallite size of 33 nm using FESM and XRD techniques. These unique properties have been exploited to assess the ZnNPs@BF anti-cancer activity. The anti-cancer test revealed that ZnNPshave potent dose-dependent cytotoxicity against HCAM liver cancer cells with IC50 of 1.45 μg/ml and showed no cytotoxicity with normal HBL-100 cells. These findings highlight that ZnNPs@BF can play a crucial role as a promising, effective, and selective anti-cancer nanomaterial with other biomedical potential applications. Conclusion: The zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnNPs@BF) prepared from baobab extract are a safe, environmentally friendly, and effective method for delivering drugs to liver cancer cells. However, based on the obtained results, further preclinical and clinical research is needed to confirm their use and translate them into clinical applications.

View Crossmark data Citing articles: 7 View citing articles DNA scission inhibition, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities of water chestnut (Trapa natans) extracted in different solvents Escisión inhibitoria del ADN, la actividad antioxidante y antiproliferativa de la castaña de agua (Trapa natans) extraída de diferentes solventes

Cystic hydatid disease is one of the most significant worldwide zoonotic diseases. The causative agent is the larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus. The diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis by clinical symptoms and scanning alone is often difficult and confusing. The definite diagnosis needs sensitive and reliable serological tests. This study aimed to evaluate a nano silver-based enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the detection of circulating hydatid antigen in human serum samples. The study included 66 human serum samples (36 hydatidosis confirmed cases, 15 cases infected with other parasites, and 15 normal subjects as negative control). The circulating protoscolices antigen was assayed by the nano-silver dot ELISA, nano-silver sandwich ELISA and the traditional methods (dot ELISA and sandwich ELISA). Our study revealed that the sensitivity and specificity of the nano-silver dot ELISA were 97.2% and 93.3%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of nano-silver sand...

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo desarrollar en solución acuosa y a tem-peratura ambiente, rutas de síntesis química coloidal de nanopartículas de plata y nano-partículas compuestas estables. Se obtienen nanopartículas de plata reproducibles, con un control morfológico de tamaño y forma durante el proceso de síntesis. Llevamos a cabo el estudio de las propiedades ópticas (espectros de absorción de las resonancias de plasmones superficiales (SPR)) que caracterizan a una determinada forma y tamaño. El análisis incluye estructuras nanométricas de plata de diferentes tamaños, en ambientes diversos y formas diferentes, como esferas, prolates, y prismas de diferente sección transversal, etc Se ha demostrado que la síntesis química produce coloides de nanopartículas de plata esféricas y anisotrópicas estables. La morfología y estabilidad de las nanopartícu-las coloidales son estudiadas mediante técnicas de espectroscopia y microscopía elec-trónica. El rol y concentración necesaria d...

Stable coatings of spherical poly(vinyl)-N-pyrrolidone (PVP)-coated silver nanoparticle layers were obtained using spin coating and rapid thermal processing of PVP/Ag nanoparticle composite thin films on optical glass substrates and this simple method extended to the deposition on optical substrates of solid spheres encapsulating silver nanoshapes, by slow heating of the solution of Ag-encapsulating nanospheres to temperatures above 120 ºC.

We deposited monolayer films of shaped Ag nanoparticles on optical substrates using a simple low-temperature wet-chemical route. We add silver nitrate and sodium borohydride as reducing agent to a water solution with sodium citrate, hydrogen peroxide and poly(vinyl) ...

Chronic non-healing wounds are a clinically important problem in terms of number of patients and costs. Wound dressings such as hydrogels, hydrocolloids, polyurethane films and foams are commonly used to manage these wounds since they tend to maintain a moist environment which is shown to accelerate re-epithelialization. The use of antibacterial compounds is important in the management of wound infections. A novel wound-dressing material based on a blended matrix of the polysaccharides alginate, hyaluronic acid and Chitlac-silver nanoparticles is here proposed and its application for wound healing is examined. The manufacturing approach to obtain membranes is based on gelling, foaming and freeze-casting of alginate, hyaluronic acid and Chitlac-silver nanoparticles mixtures using calcium ions as the cross-linking agent. Comprehensive evaluations of the morphology, swelling kinetics, permeability, mechanical characteristics, cytotoxicity, capability to inhibit metalloproteinases and o...

Introduction: Nanoparticles can have natural antimicrobial capabilities or be engineered to transport antibacterial chemicals, hence increasing their efficacy. By integrating nanoparticles into these goods, we can leverage the synergistic effects of nanoparticles and bioactive chemicals found in apiarian products, resulting in increased antibacterial activity. Materials and Methods: Royal jelly was obtained from Queenbees Pvt Ltd, located in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. Calcium Hydroxide in the form of Dycal (Dentsply) was used as the base material. The experimental groups were categorized as follows: Group A-Dycal with royal jelly extract, Group B-Dycal with nanoparticle-incorporated royal jelly, and Group C-Dycal with nanoparticle-incorporated calcium hydroxide. Nanoparticles were synthesized and examined for FTIR, SEM, EDAX, and antibiofilm testing. Results: Group 1 includes alkanes (702.5), aromatic groups (615.50), and carbonyl groups (ketones and amides) (1636.97). Group 2: The silver nanoparticles included in royal jelly have function and hydroxyl groups. Group 3: The presence of hydroxyl (3300.05) and carbonyl groups (1700). SEM investigation reveals the crystalline structure of nanoparticles spread uniformly in royal jelly. The EDAX analysis reveals that the Royal jelly sample has a considerable amount of silver integrated into the matrix. Conclusion: Silver Nanoparticle incorporated royal jelly demonstrated maximum biofilm suppression against Streptococcus mutans. The results from FTIR, SEM, and EDAX confirm the successful incorporation of silver nanoparticles into royal jelly, demonstrating their potential for enhanced antibacterial efficacy.

Nanoparticle utilization for the prevention, diagnostics, and treatment of diseases is widely known as one of the medicine branches, nanomedicine. The ability to penetrate the higher space between cells and cell walls makes nanoparticles have the potential to be used as a drug delivery system (DDS). Furthermore, various techniques can be combined with nanoparticles due to their flexibility. AgNPs are one of the interesting nanoparticles to be developed into DDS. It is because they can improve antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antioxidant, and physicochemical properties. In addition, AgNPs have biocompatibility that can improve drug delivery capability. On the other hand, carbon-based nanomaterials such as MWCNTs have unique properties that can be potentially used as composite materials for application as DDS. Therefore, to increase the ability of DDS, the in-situ synthesis of MWCNT-AgNPs nanocomposites was carried out. UV-Vis observed the absorption peak of the nanocomposite. The characterization of the crystal structure was performed using XRD. FESEM-EDX conducted the determination of the morphology of nanocomposite and the chemical composition. The distribution of AgNPs on the MWCNTs surface was performed by TEM. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the vibration of the MWCNT-AgNPs. Drug Loading was performed using UV-Vis measurements. The results showed that MWCNT-AgNPs as a DDS are successfully created in the drug loading stage. Drug loading stage properties are increased with the increasing loading time of Ibuprofen on MWCNT-AgNPs. The optimum percentage of drug loading for Ibuprofen by MWCNTs-AgNPs was 43.7% in a contact time of 27 hours.

The stability constant Kf for the complexation of Ag(Ⅰ) metal ion with Midodrine hydrochloride were determinedby spectrophotometric method at room temperature .The colored complexes were measured at 300 nm. The stability constant of the complexes were found to be 5.47 by mole ratio method. The stoichiometry of the complexes formed between the Midodrine drug and Ag (Ⅰ) metal ion are 1:1 M/L ratio. Silver conjugated Midodrine hydrochloride Nano synthesized and characterized by UV/Visible spectroscopy, SEM, XRD and FT-IR. The UV/Visible spectra of Midodrine –Ag nanoparticle in the range of 322 nm. XRD conformThe crystallite size of Midodrine - Ag (Ⅰ) nanoparticles are found to be 64.5 nmfrom Debye Scherer formula.Thecrystallinity of nanoparticles is Face centered cubic structure. SEM conform of particle size and surface morphology, FTIR analyzed involvement of -NH2 group in Midodrine is the stabilized of silver nanoparticle. This research is focuses on complexation, Nano synthesis and ...

Green synthesis has attracted signi cant attention as an eco-friendly, low-cost, energy-e cient, and non-toxic method for preparing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for cancer therapy. is study optimized the green synthesis of AgNPs using Olea europaea extracts and evaluated their anticancer potential. e biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using various methods, showing stable AgNPs with a desirable morphology and high yield, improving the properties of AgNPs for various medicinal applications. e biosynthesized AgNPs were predominantly spherical, with small sizes ranging from 13 to 21 nm and highly stable at -23 and -24 mV. e ndings of this study suggest that green-synthesized AgNPs using Olea europaea and sunlight possess signi cant anticancer activity against cancer cells in vitro. Further investigation of green synthesis would help to form high-quality AgNPs that have promising potential in treating disease and ghting undesirable pathogens.

Green synthesis has attracted significant attention as an eco-friendly, low-cost, energy-efficient, and non-toxic method for preparing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for cancer therapy. This study optimized the green synthesis of AgNPs using Olea europaea extracts and evaluated their anticancer potential. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized using various methods, showing stable AgNPs with a desirable morphology and high yield, improving the properties of AgNPs for various medicinal applications. The biosynthesized AgNPs were predominantly spherical, with small sizes ranging from 13 to 21 nm and highly stable at −23 and −24 mV. The findings of this study suggest that green-synthesized AgNPs using Olea europaea and sunlight possess significant anticancer activity against cancer cells in vitro. Further investigation of green synthesis would help to form high-quality AgNPs that have promising potential in treating disease and fighting undesirable pathogens.

Keywords: bacteria ; deployment ; environment ; lake ; nanoparticle ; river ; selenium ; silver ; “silver loss” ; surface water ; synthesis ; toxicity These Ecole polytechnique federale de Lausanne EPFL, n° 5614 (2013)Programme doctoral EnvironnementFaculte de l'environnement naturel, architectural et construitInstitut d'ingenierie de l'environnementLaboratoire de microbiologie environnementaleJury: M. Bierlaire (president), R. Behra, C. Ludwig, V. Slaveykova Public defense: 2013-2-22 Reference doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-5614Print copy in library catalog Record created on 2013-02-19, modified on 2016-08-09

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used increasingly in consumer products for their antimicrobial properties. This increased use raises ecological concern because of the release of AgNPs into the environment. Once released, zero-valent silver may be oxidized to Ag + and the cation liberated or it may persist as AgNPs. The chemical form of Ag has implications for its toxicity; it is therefore crucial to characterize the persistence of AgNPs to predict their ecotoxicological potential. In this study, we evaluated the release of Ag from AgNPs of various sizes exposed to river and lake water for up to 4 months. Several AgNP-capping agents were also considered: polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), tannic acid (Tan), and citric acid (Cit). We observed a striking difference between 5, 10, and 50 nm AgNPs, with the latter being more resistant to dissolution in oxic water on a mass basis. However, the difference decreased when Ag was surface-area-normalized, suggesting an important role of the surface area in determining Ag loss. We propose that rapid initial Ag + release was attributable to desorption of Ag + from nanoparticle surfaces. We also observed that PVP-and Tan-AgNPs are more prone to Ag + release than Cit-AgNPs. In addition, it is likely that oxidative dissolution also occurs but at a slower rate. This study clearly shows that small AgNPs (5 nm, PVP and Tan) dissolve rapidly and almost completely, while larger AgNPs (50 nm) have the potential to persist for an extended period of time and could serve as a continuous source of Ag ions.

Here we describe results from a proteomic study of protein-nanoparticle interactions to further the understanding of the ecotoxicological impact of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the environment. We identified a number of proteins from Escherichia coli that bind specifically to bare or carbonatecoated AgNPs. Of these proteins, tryptophanase (TNase) was observed to have an especially high affinity for both surface modifications despite its low abundance in E. coli. Purified TNase loses enzymatic activity upon associating with AgNPs, suggesting that the active site may be in the vicinity of the binding site(s). TNase fragments with high affinities for both types of AgNPs were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Differences in peptide abundance/presence in mass spectra for the two types of AgNPs suggest preferential binding of some protein fragments based on surface coating. One highbinding protein fragment contained a residue (Arg103) that is part of the active site. Ag adducts were identified for some fragments and found to be characteristic of strong binding to AgNPs rather than association of the fragments with ionic silver. These results suggest a probable mechanism for adhesion of proteins to the most commonly used commercial nanoparticles and highlight the potential effect of nanoparticle surface coating on bioavailability.

T.neriifolia is a mortal plant after ingestion. The review was done to acknowledge the determination of the plant. All parts of these plants are toxic, and contain a variety of cardiac glycosides including nerifolin, thevetin A, Thevetin B and oleandrin. Ingestion of oleander results in nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, dirrhoea, disrhythmias and hyperkailemia.in most cases; clinical management of poisoning by either N.oleander or T.peruviana involves administration of activated charcoal and supportive care.

Nowadays different methods for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles are under consideration due to their useful applications in different fields. These include physical and chemical methods but both of these are time-consuming, expensive and environmentally toxic. Biological methods are of great advantage due to their non-toxic and large scale synthesis. In the present study, leaves extract of Melia azedarach L. was used as a reducing agent of silver ions to silver nanoparticles. Bio-reduction was monitored by colour change using UV-Visible spectroscopy which revealed absorption peak at k max 482 nm. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were utilized to identify characteristics of synthesized particles. The synthesized particles were spherical with size ranging from 34 to 48 nm. The antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles against commonly found bacteria was assessed to find their potential use in silver containing antibacterial products.

Generally, wounds can be classified into 2, namely acute wounds and chronic wounds . The wound healing process is divided into 3 stages: Inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling/ maturation. Every wound must go through these three stages to heal completely, with the inflammation stage being the key stage and have a vital role in the local immune response . Abstract | Skin is the largest organ in the body and has a very important role. A wound is an injury in which the skin is torn, cut, punctured, or traumatized. Wounds in diabetic patients are difficult to heal. Green synthesis is one of many methods that can be used to synthesize silver nanoparticles. Based on a statistical analysis of the average wound area, epidermal reconstruction, and TIME-H scores, significant differences began to occur from day 12 to day 14. The average wound area, epidermal reconstruction, and TIME-H scores in the diabetic mice group that were given a dermal patch formulated with silver nanoparticles synthesized using Plantago major L. extract were not significantly different from the normal group and the ACA and ACA Ag groups. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the dermal patch formulated with silver nanoparticles synthesized using Plantago major L. extract helps wound healing in diabetic mice and is not significantly different from wound dressings and silver dressings on the market (p-value < 0.05). In addition, the best concentration that can be formulated into the dermal patch is 0.005% (p-value <0.05).

Detection of trace amounts of neurotransmitters has become significant in diagnostic applications. A powerful analytical tool, surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has been used to detect serotonin, adenosine, and dopamine. In this study, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were utilized as SERS-active substrates for high sensitivity detection of these analytes, in very low sub-nanomolar concentrations. The high resolution, real-time Raman spectra were recorded in about 500 milliseconds. Since at the molecular level, neurotransmitters can be present in the proximity of metallic nanoparticles in different orientations or even adsorbed on them, inhomogeneous Raman enhancement is commonly observed, with SERS vibrational lines varying in their intensities and positions depending on the dominant orientation or on the underlining physico-chemical process. These variations might also be related to the intrinsic small Raman cross section of the molecules and to their concentration in the vic...

Combined theoretical and experimental analysis of serotonin by quantum chemical density functional calculations and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, respectively, is presented in this work to better understand phenomena related to this neurotransmitter's detection and monitoring at very low concentrations specific to physiological levels. In addition to the successful ultrasensitive analyte detection on silver nanoparticles for concentrations as low as 10 -11 molar, the relatively good agreement between the simulated and experimentally determined results indicates the presence of all serotonin molecular forms, such as neutral, ionic, and those oxidized through redox reactions. Obvious structural molecular deformations such as bending of lateral amino chains are observed for both ionic and oxidized forms. Not only does this combined approach reveal more probable adsorption of serotonin into the silver surface through hydroxyl/oxygen sites than through NH/nitrogen sites, but also that it does so predominantly in its neutral (reduced) form, somewhat less so in its ionic forms, and much less in its oxidized forms. If the development of opto-voltammetric biosensors and their effective implementation is envisioned for the future, this study provides some needed scientific background for comprehending changes in the vibrational signatures of this important neurotransmitter.

This study aimed to determine the effects of selected plant growth-promoting silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on certain physiological traits, plant growth, enzyme activity, and plant nutrient content of lettuce grown under different irrigation regimes. In this research, four irrigation regimes were tested as experiments in a randomized complete block design layout: I 100 (full irrigation), I 80 (20% deficit), I 60 (40% deficit), and I 40 (60% deficit). Additionally, four nanoparticle doses (AgNP 0 , 0 ppm; AgNP 20 , 20 ppm; AgNP 40 , 40 ppm; and AgNP 80 , 80 ppm) were applied to the crop. The results demonstrated that the head diameter of lettuce decreased by 28% and 30% under the I 60 and I 40 water stress conditions, respectively. However, AgNPs enhanced the head diameter of lettuce by 10.9% compared to the control (non-application of AgNPs). The application of AgNPs increased the nutrient content of lettuce, including potassium (K), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and manganese (Mn), by 38%, 19%, 23%, 367%, and 20%, respectively. Plant height was 98.2% higher in the full irrigation treatment (I 100) than in the 40% irrigation treatment (I 40). Dry matter content was 10.2% higher in the AgNP 80 treatment compared to the AgNP 0 treatment. In addition, the highest catalase (CAT) enzyme content was obtained in the AgNP 40 treatment. The present research suggests that applying AgNPs represents a sustainable and eco-friendly strategy for improving lettuce's plant growth and nutrient uptake under water stress conditions. Therefore, AgNPs can be used in drought stress tolerance studies.

Melamine is a chemical compound that is added to dairy products to increase the apparent protein content for higher profit margins. However, extended consumption of melamine can cause health risks. The SERS technique has proven to be an important tool for detecting small compounds, such as melamine. Here, a paper-based flexible nanoparticles (NPs)-hybrid SERS substrate was designed by drop-casting pegylated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on the filter papers. In SERS characterization, this substrate exhibited an enhancement factor of 10 8 and a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 10-8 M for Rhodamine 6G dye. Furthermore, we successfully utilized these substrates to detect the melamine spiked milk sample with an LOD as low as 0.01 ppm. This hybrid SERS substrate offers a low-cost, biocompatible, and easy-to-use fabrication for large-scale production, which may be widely used in food safety applications.

Silver nanoparticles represent a threat to biota and have been shown to cause harm through a number of mechanisms, using a wide range of bioassay endpoints. While nanoparticle concentration has been primarily considered, comparison of studies that have used differently sized nanoparticles indicate that nanoparticle diameter may be an important factor that impacts negative outcomes. In considering this, the aim of the present study was to determine if different sizes of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs; 10, 20, 40, 60 and 100 nm) give rise to similar effects during embryogenesis of Mediterranean sea urchins Arbacia lixula and Paracentrotus lividus, or if nanoparticle size is a parameter that can modulate embryotoxicity and spermiotoxicity in these species. Fertilised embryos were exposed to a range of AgNP concentrations (1–1000 µg L−1) and after 48 h larvae were scored. Embryos exposed to 1 and 10 µg L−1 AgNPs (for all tested sizes) showed no negative effect in both sea urchins. The smal...

In this study, we developed highly sensitive substrates for Surface-Enhanced-Raman-Scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, consisting of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) decorated by silver nanostructures using single-step Metal Assisted Chemical Etching (MACE). One-step MACE was performed on p-type Si substrates by immersion in AgNO3/HF aqueous solutions resulting in the formation of SiNWs decorated by either silver aggregates or dendrites. Specifically, dendrites were formed during SiNWs’ growth in the etchant solution, whereas aggregates were grown after the removal of the dendrites from the SiNWs in HNO3 aqueous solution and subsequent re-immersion of the specimens in a AgNO3/HF aqueous solution by adjusting the growth time to achieve the desired density of silver nanostructures. The dendrites had much larger height than the aggregates. R6G was used as analyte to test the SERS activity of the substrates prepared by the two fabrication processes. The silver aggregates showed a considerably lowe...

Rice blast caused by Magnaporthe grisea is one of the major and recurrent threats for sustainable rice production in Bangladesh. To mitigate this problem, the current study was aimed to investigate the efficacy of silver nanoparticles against rice blast disease and farmers’ perception or knowledge about rice blast disease management in Bangladesh. There have been relatively few studies on the applicability of nanoparticles to control blast diseases in Bangladesh. This study was done into two parts: firstly, face to face interviews to understand the farmers’ perception as well as to find out their needs and secondly laboratory experimentation to find out the efficacy of silver nanoparticles against M. grisea as well as rice blast disease management under controlled conditions. Close-ended questions were prepared for the interview and thirty farmers were interviewed. Farmers’ interviews indicated that 73% of the respondent farmers had experienced blast disease in their fields but only...

A promising way to improve the performance of luminescent materials is to combine them with noble metal nanoparticles. Herein, a set of silver/europium-doped lanthanum orthophosphate (Ag/La0.95Eu0.05PO4) nanostructures with different concentrations of silver nanoparticles were prepared and investigated. The presented overlap between the strongest europium (Eu3+) excitation line and the broad silver nanoparticle surface plasmon resonance makes the combination prospective for coupling. X-ray powder diffraction confirmed the monoclinic monazite structure. The transmission electron microscopy revealed particles with a rod-like shape and ~4 aspect ratio. Photoluminescence spectra show characteristic Eu3+ ion red emission. One of the requirements for an enhanced luminescence effect is the precise control of the distance between the noble metal nanoparticles and the emitter ion. The distance is indirectly varied throughout the change of Ag nanoparticle concentration in the La0.95Eu0.05PO4 ...

Because of the enormous range of biomedical uses and scientific interest in nanotechnology, the production of metallic nanoparticles using plant extracts is being examined. To investigate the antibacterial activity, silver nanoparticles (SNPs) were produced from aqueous silver nitrate by a simple and environmentally friendly approach employing leaf extract of Tarchonanthus Camphoratus (TC) as a reductant and stabilizer. A constant volume of plant extract (1mL) with various concentrations (1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 mM) of the aqueous silver nitrate (AgNO3) was mixed separately to estimate their effects on the synthesized SNPs. The optical, surface morphological features, composition, and antibacterial activity of the SNPs were studied. The optical characteristics were evaluated at 429-446 nm using a UV spectrophotometer. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphology. The analyzed SNPs were spherical in shape and well-distributed, with sizes ranging (21-36 nm). Energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to estimate metal ion concentrations in the prepared SNPs. Using the cup-plate agar diffusion approach, the produced SNPs showed an inhibition zone that confirmed antibacterial effects against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. The maximum inhibition zones (13 mm) for S. aureus and (13 mm) for E.coli bacteria were observed. Finally, this study demonstrated that biosynthesized SNPs production using the described methodology was successful, as evidenced by several analysis methods, and demonstrated a new application of SNPs syntheses against the two types of bacteria growth.

Bio-molecules present in liquid metabolic waste of an Indian cow are effectively used to reduce silver (Ag) ions into Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) in one step. This bio-inspired electron transfer to Ag ion for the formation of base Ag metal is fairly prompt and facile. These nanoparticles act as a positive catalyst for various organic transformation reactions. The X-RD pattern of the synthesized product con rmed the formation of Ag nanoparticles. The bio-mimetic Ag NPs show potential activity for degradation of dyes under study. Herein, we have successfully carried out several reduction reactions of nitro groups using Ag nanoparticles as a heterogeneous nanocatalyst.

Klebsiella pneumoniae has been linked to numerous infections that is responsible for high mortality and morbidity rates. In our study, we evaluated and contrasted the antibacterial properties of zinc oxide and silica nanoparticles against strains of Klebsiella penumoniae that were obtained from mastitic cow milk. The bacterial strains were identified by biochemical and molecular characterization based on PCR to detect certain genes including rmpA, K2 and fimH genes. According to the PCR results, the size of the genes under investigation was 535, 641 and 508 for rmpA, K2, fimH, respectively. Using Aspergillus niger for silica nanoparticle synthesis and Chlorella for ZnO nanoparticle synthesis, the nanoparticles were synthesized using a green synthesis process. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were displayed through execution of several characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), in order to provide additional information regarding the size, shape, and nanoparticles morphology. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and inhibition zone values were determined by using the agar well diffusion method to test the antibacterial activity of both types of nanoparticles. Only zinc oxide type of nanoparticles had shown efficacy against isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, as MIC and inhibition zone diameter for it were 625 µg/ml and 13 mm, respectively. Therefore, the research concluded that zinc oxide is a safe alternative to antibiotics for combating Klebsiella pneumoniae strains.

Klebsiella pneumoniae has been linked to numerous infections that is responsible for high mortality and morbidity rates. In our study, we evaluated and contrasted the antibacterial properties of zinc oxide and silica nanoparticles against strains of Klebsiella penumoniae that were obtained from mastitic cow milk. The bacterial strains were identified by biochemical and molecular characterization based on PCR to detect certain genes including rmpA, K2 and fimH genes. According to the PCR results, the size of the genes under investigation was 535, 641 and 508 for rmpA, K2, fimH, respectively. Using Aspergillus niger for silica nanoparticle synthesis and Chlorella for ZnO nanoparticle synthesis, the nanoparticles were synthesized using a green synthesis process. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were displayed through execution of several characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), in order to provide additional information regarding the size, shape, and nanoparticles morphology. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and inhibition zone values were determined by using the agar well diffusion method to test the antibacterial activity of both types of nanoparticles. Only zinc oxide type of nanoparticles had shown efficacy against isolated Klebsiella pneumoniae strains, as MIC and inhibition zone diameter for it were 625 µg/ml and 13 mm, respectively. Therefore, the research concluded that zinc oxide is a safe alternative to antibiotics for combating Klebsiella pneumoniae strains.

Lemon (Citrus limon) is a widely cultivated citrus fruit known for its nutritional and medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate lemon derived nanovesicles syrup as a potential functional food product. Nanovesicles were prepared using a combination of ultrasonication and solvent evaporation techniques. The formulated nanovesicles were characterized for their size, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. The results showed that the optimized formulation had a particle size of 150.23 ± 2.5 nm, a zeta potential of