Magnetic Iron Oxide

The adsorption of Pb(II), Ni(II), and Cd(II) metal ions onto Fe3O4@SiO2-TMPDT adsorbent was carried out through batch experiments. In this study, Fe3O4@SiO2-TMPDT adsorbent was synthesized through a sol-gel process using sodium silicate extracted from rice husk ash (Na2SiO3)RHA with the addition of magnetite (Fe3O4) and modifier N 1 -(3-trimethoxysilylpropyl) diethylenetriamine (TMPDT). The synthesized adsorbent was then characterized by FTIR. The Fe3O4@SiO2-TMPDT adsorbent was prepared with suspension Fe3O4:(Na2SiO3)RHA ratios (v/v) of 1:4, 2:3, and 1:1, and varying the amounts of TMPDT of 1; 2.5 and 5 mL. The optimum pH to perform conditions adsorption for Pb(II) metal ions was determined to be 4, while Ni(II) and Cd(II) were 5. In addition, the adsorption process followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption isotherm was consistent with the Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption capacities for Pb(II), Ni(II), and Cd(II) were 11.760 mg/g, 1.864 mg/g, and 1.888 mg/g, respectively.

Purpose: of this paper is to develop new aluminium matrix (intermetallic) composites reinforced with iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) that will be used in aeronautical engineering or in electronic industry. Different parameters such as sintering time and temperature, reinforcement, compact pressure were evaluated. The final purpose of this project is going on to improve conductivity and magnetic permeability of this new composite. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, a new alternative materials "aluminium-iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 , naturally as the mineral magnetite) powder composite" has been developed by using a microwave (in the laboratory scale) sintering programme with various aspect ratios, that iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ) particle sizes and aluminium powders together were prepared. This paper contains partially preliminary results of our going-on research project. Findings: Green density increased regularly depending on the compact pressure and percentage of the iron oxide (Fe 3 O 4 ). Micro and macro porosity was not found due to very clean microwave sintering. Density after microwave sintering was higher than that of traditional sintering in an electrical oven. Research limitations/implications: This project is going on and magnetic permeability and conductivity of this composite will be improved. Practical implications: This composite is new and clean and thanks to the new microwave sintering basically will be used in aeronautical engineering. Microwave heating results in lower energy costs and decreased processing times for many industrial processes. Originality/value: Originality of this paper is to use a new reinforcement in the aluminium matrix composite; Fe 3 O 4 -iron oxide. A new method -microwave sintering-has been carried out on this composite.

The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

Aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) are lightweight materials are widely used in structural applications due to their favorable properties such as lightweight, high specific strength and modulus, wear resistance and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Today, new developed magnetic aluminium based composites (Al-Zn-Si) became very attractive due to their improved magnetic, physical and mechanical properties. These composites, depending on final desired properties with different reinforcement types, are very suitable for electrical motors and other usage in aircraft engineering. These promising properties of AMMCs are attributed to the size and distribution of the reinforcement, as well as to the grain size of the matrix. Process that was used in this work is called 'Sinter-Forging' during which compacted aluminium specimens were forged just after sintering. A novel near-net shape, low-cost sinter-forging approach to processing particle-reinforced metal matrix composites allow manufacturing parts for high performance applications with short processing time and low energy consumption. The aim of this work is to briefly present the efficient 'Sinter-Forging Process' and to summarize properties of new composites developed for aeronautical applications.

Aluminum metal matrix composites (AMMCs) are lightweight materials are widely used in structural applications due to their favorable properties such as lightweight, high specific strength and modulus, wear resistance and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Today, new developed magnetic aluminium based composites (Al-Zn-Si) became very attractive due to their improved magnetic, physical and mechanical properties. These composites, depending on final desired properties with different reinforcement types, are very suitable for electrical motors and other usage in aircraft engineering. These promising properties of AMMCs are attributed to the size and distribution of the reinforcement, as well as to the grain size of the matrix. Process that was used in this work is called 'Sinter-Forging' during which compacted aluminium specimens were forged just after sintering. A novel near-net shape, low-cost sinter-forging approach to processing particle-reinforced metal matrix composites allow manufacturing parts for high performance applications with short processing time and low energy consumption. The aim of this work is to briefly present the efficient 'Sinter-Forging Process' and to summarize properties of new composites developed for aeronautical applications.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are substances of increasing concern to the environment due to their toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic character. Major anthropogenic sources of PAHs include the incomplete combustion of organic materials (e.g. oil, petrol, coal, and wood). The concern about water contamination and the consequent human exposure has encouraged the development of new methods for PAHs removal. The purpose of this work was to study the feasibility of a degradation process of benzo(a)pyrene in aqueous matrices by oxidation with Fenton's reagent and utilization of pure and doped magnetites (with Co +2 ions replacing some of the Fe 2+ ions) and hydrogen peroxide. Under the best experimental conditions, a modified Fenton-type reaction was performed at near neutral pH (pH = 6.0); H2O2 dose = 0,3 mol.L-1 ; benzo(a)pyrene = 4.0 mg.L-1 and doped magnetites with Co +2 = 30,0 mg. The presence of Co +2 in the magnetite structure produced a remarkable increase in the degradation of benzo(a)pyrene. It was possible to remove about 53,0% of benzo(a)pyrene in 300 minutes of reaction at 25 o C. This study showed that the degradation of benzo(a)pyrene by magnetites doped with cobalt is a viable process in water matrices. It was observed that the substitution of some Fe 2+ ions with Co +2 ions in magnetite produced an increase in the activity of degradation of benzo(a)pyrene.

Fly ash-based geopolymer were synthesized from Class-F fly ash and slag with an alkaline activating solution and characterized for their physical-chemical properties. The geopolymer samples were tested to investigate their environmental impacts when used for environmental applications. Batch adsorption studies were conducted using fly ash-based geopolymer as a reactive material or an adsorbent for heavy metals (Cu, Cd and Pb). The removal capacities for Cu, Cd and Pb ranged from 20.66 – 35.21, 28.74 – 42.02, and 116.28 – 121.95 mg/g for initial pHs ranged from 2.5 to 4.0, respectively, at room temperatures of 21 – 23 C. Fixed bed column studies were carried out using fly ash-based geopolymer as a filtration medium for removal of metal (Cu, Cd, and Pb) in low pH solutions. Breakthrough curves showed that the adsorption affinity of the geopolymer for metals was in the order of Pb > Cd > Cu for a single metal solution and in the order of Pb > Cu > Cd for a multi-metal solut...

Background: Discovering new cytotoxic compounds has received significant attention due to the rise in drug resistance and the adverse effects associated with chemotherapy drugs. In this study, the cytoplasmic extract of Lactobacillus casei was used to produce iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2o3 NPs), and the cytotoxic effects of NPs were investigated on MCF-7 and human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK-293) cells.
Methods: The cytoplasmic extract of L. casei was mixed with 103M iron sulfate solution and incubated for 3 weeks at 37 °C and 5% CO2. The coprecipitation method was used to synthesize chemical Fe2o3 NPs. The synthesis of NPs was studied by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and the cytotoxic effects were evaluated with dilutions (10, 100, and 1000 µg/mL) on MCF-7 and HEK cells.
Results: X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy presented the mean of NPs synthesized by the green method to be about 15 nm and their shape to be spherical, as well as the average of chemically synthesized NPs to be about 20 nm with cubic structure. Chemical and green synthesized NPs only at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL were able to significantly reduce the survival rate of normal HEK-293 cells; chemically synthesized NPs decreased MCF-7 cell survival only at 1000 µg/mL and green synthesis at 100 µg/mL and 1000 µg/mL.
Conclusion: Generating Fe2o3 NPs is biologically safe using the green synthesis method and the cytoplasmic extract of L. casei, which may be a suitable candidate for the treatment of cancer cells

The aim of the experiments was to investigate the effect of application of a well soluble Fe-humate (HUMIRON ®) on rhizosphere and leaves, respectively, on the growth and yield of cucumbers (Cucumis sativus cv. Jessica). HUMIRON ® type R (extracted from Russian coal) and G (extracted from German coal) were compared. In the first experiment three different concentrations (0.001%, 0.1%, and 0.2%) of HUMIRON ® were used in three different growing stages of cucumber plants. In the second experiment HUMIRON-G ® and K-humate were applied to the upper or lower surface of the cucumber leaves. Cucumbers were grown in a substrate culture used containers with 8 l perlite. Nutrient solution with and without iron was applied with trickle irrigation. The results clearly show the application of Fe-humate has beneficial effects on the plant growth and the fruit yield if the nutrient solution had a lack of iron. Iron imbalances or deficiency can be counteracted by application of Fe-humate to the root zone. The additional iron supply did not inhibit the growth and decrease the yield even if the iron supply in the nutrient solution is sufficient. The different effects of the humate types (HUMIRON R and G, K-humate) compared here indicate that the influence of humate can be important.

This study was conducted on “Coratina” olive seedlings grown at the greenhouse of National Research Center, Dokki, Giza governorate, Egypt. This investigation was performed to study the effect of applying “N” (nitrate ammonium) applications as the following (50g in soil 50g spray, 37.5g in soil”12.5g foliar, 25g in soil + 25g foliar and 12.5g in soil + 37.5 g foliar ) (from March till October) parallel with organic matter as (humic acid or green power) at (10cm 3 ). At the end of the season, percentage of plant height increment, leaves number per plant, shoots number per plant, stem diameter, leaves dry weight (%), roots number, root length were determined and recorded. The obtained results showed that, foliar application of “N” at (50g) improved percentage of height increment, leaves number. Meanwhile,(37.5 g in soil + 12.5 g foliar application) enhanced leaf dry weight, root length. Also, olive seedlings treated with (12.5g in soil + 37.5g as foliar application) of “N” gave the hi...

The present study was conducted during 2013 and 2014 seasons on uniform in vigour thirteen year's old pear trees cv. Le Conte ( Pyrus communis , L.) budded on Pyrus communis rootstock grown in sandy soil in a private orchard located at El-Tall El-Kepeer, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt speaced4x4 m, under drip irrigation system. The target of the present study to spotlight on the beneficial effect foliar application of different iron sources (Fe-EDTA, Fe-EDDHA and Fe-mineral as form ferric sulphate "FeSO 4.7H 2O") on leaf chlorophyll concentrations, active iron, nutritional status of leaves and fruits, yield and fruit quality , as well as for controlling iron deficiency Chlorosis under the newly reclaimed soil conditions. Results showed that spraying all different iron sources were significantly very effective in increased macronutrients and micronutrients content in leaves, fruits and enhancing leaf content of chlorophyll and active iron compared with non-treated. Applica...

T HE present investigation was carried out during 2018 and 2019 seasons to investigate the consequences of K-Humate with and without magnetic water irrigation on yield, fruit quality and some mineral composition of Hayany date palm cultivar cultivated in South Sinai Research Station (Ras Sudr), Desert Research Center, South Sinai Governorate, Egypt. Results showed that there was significantly effect by using K-Humate as a soil application and magnetic water irrigation in both seasons. Treatment K-Humate at 300 g/tree with magnetic water irrigation produced higher yield and bunch weight. The same treatment gave the highest fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit size and fruit dimensions in both seasons. Also, data showed that the total soluble solids, reducing sugars and nonreducing sugars content in fruits increased significantly by application of K-Humate and magnetic water irrigation. However results indicated that such treatment gave the highest values of N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents in pinnae of Hayany date palm cultivar in the first and second seasons compared with the control and other treatments.

This study carried out during 2012 and 2013 seasons to study the effect of spraying 10, 20 or 30% methanol alone or mixed with either 1%urea or 1% glycine treatments on improving fruit quality of "Le-Conte "pear trees. Materials were applied on developing fruit stage (about 60 days after fruit set) and repeated after two weeks. Measurements included :vegetative growth, leaf area, leaf chemical content, fruit yield and quality, crop monetary value and cost treatments % (as compared to control treatment). Mentioned components, responded positively to the studied treatments. Spraying urea at 1% mixed with methanol 20% is recommended to improve productivity which increased grower income. Generally, this study achieved main target for fruit producers, high yield, quality and the lowest cost % which led to increased grower income.

This study carried out during 2012 and 2013 seasons to study the effect of spraying 10, 20 or 30% methanol alone or mixed with either 1%urea or 1% glycine treatments on improving fruit quality of "Le-Conte "pear trees. Materials were applied on developing fruit stage (about 60 days after fruit set) and repeated after two weeks. Measurements included :vegetative growth, leaf area, leaf chemical content, fruit yield and quality, crop monetary value and cost treatments % (as compared to control treatment). Mentioned components, responded positively to the studied treatments. Spraying urea at 1% mixed with methanol 20% is recommended to improve productivity which increased grower income. Generally, this study achieved main target for fruit producers, high yield, quality and the lowest cost % which led to increased grower income.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of foliar application of some organic substances (humic acid, fulvic acid and Algae extract) on vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of "Costata" persimmon trees grown on clay loamy soil under surface irrigation. This study was conducted during 2011 and 2012 seasons at EL-Kanater, Horticultural Research Station, Kalubeia governorate, Egypt on "Costata" persimmon trees (Diospyros Kaki L.). The trees were 22 years old budded on "Lotus" rootstock and spaced at 4x5 m apart. Twenty one trees were sprayed four times {at full bloom, two weeks after fruit set, after one month of fruit set and at month before harvest} with humic acid at 1 or 2%, seaweed extract at 1 or 2% as well as fulvic acid at 1 or 2%. The results showed that, humic acid and algae extract gave better vegetative growth {leaf area, shoot length, leaf dry weight}, nutrition status {leaf content of N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn}, fruiting {fruit set and yield} as well as fruit characters {weight, size, dimensions, firmness}, {TSS%, acidity% and tannins%} as compared with control in two studied seasons. Also, higher concentration (2%) of all tested substances was more effective than low one.

Os catalisadores foram caracterizados e utilizados em processo oxidativo avançado para degradação do corante de azul de metileno. A amostra calcinada a 600°C apresentou melhor eficiência. Os resultados revelaram a obtenção da ferrita de cobre (CuFe2O4), além de hematita (-Fe2O3), magnetita (Fe3O4) e tenorita (CuO). Obteve-se 100% de remoção da cor, em 240min, partindo-se de uma solução inicial com 50mg/L de corante, pH 6,0, 1g/L de catalisador e 300 mg/L de H2O2. A mesma eficiência foi obtida tanto para dois ciclos de reação demonstrando a elevada estabilidade do catalisador produzido.

Neste trabalho foram produzidos catalisadores contendo Óxidos de Ferro e Cobre, com proporção mássica 80:20, (calculada como Fe 2 O 3 :CuO), por um método Pechini modificado. Após a formação do precursor, foram utilizadas quatro temperaturas de calcinação: 600ºC, 700ºC, 800ºC e 900ºC. As amostras calcinadas foram caracterizadas, para identificação dos compostos produzidos, e foi avaliado o seu uso como catalisador na remoção do corante Azul de Metileno via reação foto-Fenton solar. Os resultados mostraram a obtenção de ferritas de cobre-CuFe 5 O 8 e CuFe 2 O 4 , além de hematita (α-Fe 2 O 3), magnetita (Fe 3 O 4) e tenorita (CuO). A amostra calcinada a 600ºC teve o melhor desempenho na degradação do corante azul de metileno. No ensaio com 50mg/L do corante, 300 mg/L de peróxido de hidrogênio, pH 3,0 e 1g/L de catalisador, obteve-se 88% de remoção da cor em 240min. Ensaios estão sendo realizados a fim de se avaliar a dosagem de peróxido de hidrogênio, do catalisador e o reuso do catalisador.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of magnetic treatments on some soil chemical properties and some characteristics of grapes grown in this soil under saline irrigation conditions. The present investigation was started with samples collection in June 2014, samples were collected from Elkhatatba (Mudug Abu El-Azaim, Cairo Alexandria Desert Road, El-Menoufia, Egypt). Soil and plant samples were collected from representing areas irrigated with two different sources of water (treated well-untreated well water). In El-khatatba farm three soil profiles were dug to the depth of 90 cm and soil samples were collected from successive depth (0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm). The results indicated that irrigation with magnetized water led to a decrease in pH values in soil samples at different depths comparing to soils irrigated with non-magnetized water. Also data show irrigation with magnetized water led to a decrease in EC and soluble ions contents in soil samples at different depths comparing to soils irrigated with non-magnetized water. The amount of available Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn in different layers of the studied soil profiles were slight increase in soil irrigated with magnetized water compared with soil irrigated with non-magnetized water. Plant results indicated that fresh and dry weights of grape and leaves were higher in plants irrigated with magnetized ground water than those grown without magnetic treatment. Also data showed significant increase in photosynthetic pigment fractions (chlorophyll a&b) in grape leaves irrigated with magnetic water, while low chlorophyll content in leaves not subjected to magnetic treatment. Proline content increased significantly in leaves of grape after magnetic treatment. Total phenols in grape fruits increased significantly after magnetic treatment. Application of magnetic water increased significantly total soluble sugars % and total soluble solids % in grape fruits compared to grapes

Nanopartículas de ferro são muito utilizadas em diversas áreas de pesquisa. O elemento químico ferro (Fe), sendo o quarto elemento mais abundante na crosta terrestre, e a substância mineral magnetita, com propriedade magnética, apresentam aplicações nas áreas industrial, ambiental, biomédica e de novas tecnologias. Este trabalho apresenta processo de síntese de nanopartículas partindo-se de sais precursores, bem como a caracterização dos produtos e as rotas para estabilizá-los. Os sais químicos precursores utilizados foram o cloreto férrico (FeCl3) e o sulfato ferroso (FeSO4) na proporção de 2:1, sob agitação por ultrassom e pH ácido. Para formação do precipitado de nanopartículas usou-se solução aquosa de hidróxido de sódio (NaOH) de pH 12. A difratometria de raio-X, mostra a presença de magnetita (Fe3O4) indicada pelos picos característicos de difração em graus 2Ө = 18° (largo), 31° (fino), 36° (bem definido), 43,4°, 45°, 53,6°, 57,7°, 63,3°. A microscopia eletrônica de transmissã...

A young of Ficus retusa, Linn. trees were fertilized with five rates of liquid NPK fertilizers with a ratio 3:1:2 in combination with tow levels of potassium humate, 0 or 12 g tree-1 years-1 in order to increase plant growth. The rates of liquid fertilizers were: 0-0-0 (control); 38-13-25; 76-26-50; 113-39-75 and 225-78-150 g-1 tree-1 year-1 from N: P2O5: K2O. Liquid NPK fertilizer injected under pressure into the feeder root zone can be improved by the addition of potassium humate. Highest efficiency was achieved in the treatments received potassium humate at 12 g tree-1 years-1 in combination with the low or medium rates of NPK liquid fertilizers (38-13-25 or 76-26-50 N: P2O5: K2O g tree-1 year-1 respectively. Generally, the low or medium liquid NPK rates supplemented with potassium humate was better than without potassium humate concerning the studied variables as trunk diameter; length of branches; number of new formed leaves or shoots; chlorophyll a and b; carotenoids; N%; P% and K% contents.

In this study, two field experiments were carried out during the growing seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, at the experimental farm of the southwest portion on a saline soil at Sahl El-Tena region, South Sinai governorate, Egypt, in order to investigate the effects of applacation of humic acid on both of water use efficiency (CWUE) and soil salinity, also investigate the effects of salinity and humic acid on vegetative growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Soil salinity was moderate ranging between 2 to 3 dSm-1 and high ranging between 5 to 8 dSm-1. Potassium humate (86% Humic acid and 6% Potassium oxide) was used at four levels, i.e., 0 (control, sprayed with distilled water), 0.5, 1 and 2 kg/fed., at two times, the first (50% of the amount) was added after 15 days from transplanting and the second one (50% of the amount) was carried out after one month from the first addition. A split plot design with three replicates was used where the soil salinit...

To study the effect of soil amendments combined with foliar application of Salicylic acid on soil properties, growth, yield, fruit quality and leaf nutrient content of Balady mandarin trees, an experiment in split plot format based on complete randomized block design with three replicates in Sidy Ghazy, Kafr El-Sheikh governorate was conducted. The main plots of experiment were used for foliar application of Salicylic acid with three concentrations (tap water, 200 and 300 ppm) and sub plots were for soil amendments with Humic acid, Biotol, Humic acid + Biotol and Control. The obtained results showed that application of Humic acid + Biotol combined with Salicylic acid foliar spray at 300 ppm in mandarin orchard appeared to be superior in improving saline soil by enhancing soil chemical parameters in terms of EC, pH, CEC, SAR, nutrients and microbial population, in addition it induced a significant improvement of tree size and vegetative growth under saline soil conditions. Moreover, leaf analysis showed highly significant increase of N, P, K, Fe, Mn and Zn leaf contents with soil amendments and foliar spray of Salicylic acid at 300 ppm. The highest yield with good quality was obtained with the interaction between Humic acid plus Biotol and along with Salicylic acid foliar spray at 300 ppm. Thus, Humic acid, Biotol and foliar spray with Salicylic acid could contribute to the reduction of soil nutrient loss and mitigation of the negative effects of saline stresses on plant growth and productivity. Therefore, this study recommended the application of Humic acid + Biotol + Salicylic acid foliar application at 300 ppm, which gave the best growth, yield, fruit quality and nutritional status of Balady mandarin trees.

This study was carried out during two successive seasons 2014 and 2015 at a private orchard at El-Nobaria region, El-Bohaira Governorate, Egypt, to determine the effect of nitrogen at three rates i.e., 500, 600 and 700 gm /tree/year, irrigation at four levels i.e., 9.41, 11.55, 13.41 and 15.42 m 3 /tree/year and their combinations on growth, yield and fruit quality of eight years old "Florida prince" peach trees budded on Nemaguard rootstock. Results show that nitrogen fertilization rate and irrigation level significantly enhanced vegetative growth in terms of shoot length, leaves number per shoot, leaf area and specific leaf weight. Moreover, yield as kg/tree, chlorophyll and leaf NPK were positively affected by nitrogen rate, irrigation level and their combinations. Also, weight, volume, length, and diameter of the fruits were significantly increased by increasing nitrogen rates from 500 to 700 gm/tree/year and irrigation levels from 9.41 to 15.42 m 3 / tree / year, whereas fruit firmness, TSS, acidity and anthocyanins were significantly increased with nitrogen and decreased with irrigation. Meanwhile, TSS/ acid ratio was not affected by treatments. It might be recommend using 13.41 m 3 /tree/year, with the addition of fertilizer nitrogen rate of 600 g/tree/year, this treatment had a positive impact on the trees and provided 13% of irrigation water without adversely affecting on vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality.

The present study was carried out during the two successive seasons 2013 and 2014 on 5 years old two mandarin varieties namely Balady and Fremont (Citrus reticulate Blanco) to elucidate the effect of magnetic water treatments on yield and fruit quality. The results indicated that irrigating the trees of the two mandarin varieties with magnetic water had significantly increased yield (kg/tree) in comparison to that of control. Maximum yield (Kg/trees) was obtained from mandarin varieties were irrigated all over the growth seasons with magnetic water. In this regard Balady mandarin variety which was superior to those of Fremont one compared with control. The physical and chemical fruit characteristics of the two tested mandarin varieties were significantly improved in response to irrigation with saline water treated with magnetic in comparison to control that was irrigated with saline water too. More studies are needed to declare the influence of magnetic water on the growth, yield and fruit quality of different citrus varieties.

This investigation was carried out during two successive seasons (2011-
012) and (2012-013) on 5- year- old Valencia orange trees. Trees were grown at a private orchard under reclaimed conditions (sandy soil and saline water), to study the effect of humate compounds and magnetic iron soil application on tree vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality were studied. There was significant improve by the different humate compounds and magnetic iron treatments on the vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality.Whereas, 1000 g magnetite plus 50g K-humate was the best results for the most vegetative growth parameters, yield production and the fruit quality and economically treatment under this study during both seasons.

A catalyst based on magnetic iron oxide promoted with nickel and supported on silica was synthesized. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy with dispersive X-ray energy detector (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD).  It was tested as a catalyst in the oxidation of the methylene blue organic compound using Photo-Fenton process in which a satisfactory activity was obtained for the catalyst with over 75% decolorization after 10 minutes of reaction.

Resumo
Foi realizada a síntese de um catalisador baseado em óxido de ferro magnético promovido com níquel e suportado em sílica. O material foi caracterizado por microscopia eletrônica de varredura com detector de energia dispersiva de raios-X (MEV-EDS) e difratometria de raios-X (DRX). Ele foi testado como catalisador na oxidação do composto orgânico modelo azul de metileno (AM) utilizando o processo foto-Fenton que obteve uma atividade satisfatória para o catalisador de mais 75% de descoloração após 10 minutos de reação.

Two field experiments were carried out at Ras Suder Res. Station, Desert Res. Center, South Sinai Governorate during 2011/12 and 2012/13 seasons to study the effects of both magnetic iron (added as soil drench at the rate of 250kg/fed.) and seamino (seaweed extract plus amino acids, added as a foliar spray at the rate of 2ml/L.) on growth, yield and chemical composition of two cultivars of both broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var Italica, cvs Belstar F1 and Herkalion) and cauliflower (B. oleracea L. var. botrytis, cvs Snowball and Tobbi) cultivated in saline soil of Ras Suder, South Sinai governorate. The effect of interactions between the used cultivars and applying of either magnetic iron or seasmino were also studied. The obtained results indicated that broccoli cv. Belstar F1 and cauliflower cv. Tobbi gave better results than those of Herkalion and Snowball ones, respectively. In general, broccoli cultivars were more tolerant to salinity than those of cauliflower. Both magnetic iron and seamino treatments greatly reduced the harmful effects of soil salinity and significantly improved vegetative growth, yield and some physiological parameters such as leaf osmotic pressure and temperature which had some effect on transpiration rate. On the other hand, these two treatments markedly decreased Na, Cl, S and sulforaphane content compared to the control. However, the mastership in most of previous parameters was for seamino treatment which gave the best growth and higher quality in most cases of both seasons. Planting in saline soil of Ras Suder region was found to increase the content of Na, Cl and sulforaphane which increases the medical value of the studied plants in cancer prevention. So, it could be recommended to use either magnetic iron (as soil drench at 250 kg/fed.) or seamino (as foliar spray at 2ml/L.) to minize the deleterious effects of soil salinity on growth, yield and quality of broccoli and cauliflower cultivars, and to use broccoli cv. Belstar F1 rather than cv. Herkalion and cauliflower cv. Tobbi rather than cv. Snowbll. If the target is increasing sulforaphane content, cultivating in saline soil without adding magnetic iron or seamino is enough.

This study is to evaluate the effect of magnetic iron (500 and 1000g/tree) and k-humate (50 and 100 g/tree) treatments on  growth and productivity of Valencia orange trees under reclaimed conditions (sandy soil and saline water), during two successive seasons (2011-012) and (2012-013) at a private orchard in Abu Shalaby - El Salhia region, Sharkia Governorate. There was significant improve by the different magnetic iron and K-humate treatments on the growth, tree productivity and fruit quality. The analysis of the data collected during the study proved that there were statistically significant increases in vegetative growth, crop yield, fruit quality and some leaf chemical composition with different doses of magnetic iron and K-humate treatments, Whereas, 1000 g magnetic iron plus 50g K-humate was the best results for vegetative growth, yield production and the fruit quality under this study during both seasons

In this study, two field experiments were carried out during the growing seasons of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, at the experimental farm of the southwest portion on a saline soil at Sahl El-Tena region, South Sinai governorate, Egypt, in order to investigate the effects of applacation of humic acid on both of water use efficiency (CWUE) and soil salinity, also investigate the effects of salinity and humic acid on vegetative growth, yield and quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Soil salinity was moderate ranging between 2  to  3  dSm-1  and  high  ranging  between  5  to  8  dSm-1.  Potassium  humate (86% Humic  acid  and  6%  Potassium  oxide)  was  used  at  four levels,  i.e.,  0 (control, sprayed with distilled water), 0.5, 1 and 2 kg/fed., at two times, the first (50% of the amount) was added after 15 days from transplanting and the second one  (50%  of  the  amount)  was  carried out  after  one  month  from  the first addition. A split plot design with three replicates was used where the soil salinity was the main plots and potassium humate treatments were located in the  subplots.  Results  of  this  study  indicated  that  the  values  of  CWUE improved  according  to  the  increasing  of  humic  acid  dozes  while  the  most suitable  concentration  was  1  kg/fed.  The  salts  concentration  with  Moderate and  high  Soil  Salinity  decreased  with  the  increase  of  humic  acid  rates  and also decreased during all the stages of the growth period for all humic acid concentrations. The favorable tomato yield were obtained at Soil of salinity 2-3  ds/mm  and  1.0  kg/fed  humic  acid.  Tomato  plants  growing  under  soil  of salinity between 2:3 dSm-1 with addition of 1kg/fed or 2 kg/fed humic acid produced  the  highest  leaf  number,  leaf  area,  haulm  fresh,  dry  weight  and chlorophyll content. The interaction between salinity and humic acid showed that  tomato  plants  growing  under  soil  of  salinity  between  2:3  dSm-1  with addition of 1kg/fed or 2kg/fed of humic acid produced the highest number of fruits per plants fruit yield and total yield. Tomato plants growing under soil of salinity between 2:3 dSm-1 with addition of 1kg/fad or 2kg/fad of humic acid produced the highest fruit size and lowest color chart in the two seasons as compared with other interaction treatments. Tomato plants growing under soil  of  salinity  between  2:3  mmhos  with  addition  of  2kg/fad  of  humic  acid produced  the  highest  total  soluble  solids  content  and  vitamin  C  in  the  two seasons as compared with other interaction treatments.

A young of Ficus retusa, Linn. trees were fertilized with five rates of liquid NPK fertilizers with a ratio 3:1:2 in combination with tow levels of potassium humate, 0 or 12 g tree -1 years -1 in order to increase plant growth. The rates of liquid fertilizers were: 0-0-0 (control); 38-13-25; 76-26-50; 113-39-75 and 225-78-150 g -1 tree -1 year -1 from N: P 2 O 5 : K 2 O. Liquid NPK fertilizer injected under pressure into the feeder root zone can be improved by the addition of potassium humate. Highest efficiency was achieved in the treatments received potassium humate at 12 g tree -1 years -1 in combination with the low or medium rates of NPK liquid fertilizers (38-13-25 or 76-26-50 N: P 2 O 5 : K 2 O g tree -1 year -1 respectively. Generally, the low or medium liquid NPK rates supplemented with potassium humate was better than without potassium humate concerning the studied variables as trunk diameter; length of branches; number of new formed leaves or shoots; chlorophyll a and b; carotenoids; N%; P% and K% contents.