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- ' indicates that the cash coin has been mentioned by historical sources but that no modern authentic specimen has ever been recovered.
' indicates that this cash coin has been recovered in modern times but is not mentioned in any historical chronicles.
' indicates that the cash coin has its own article on Wikipedia.
''' indicates that there exists a Chinese, Khitan, Tangut, Jurchen, Mongol, and/or Manchu cash coin with the same legend as the Vietnamese cash coin. (en)
- "Annamites are not content with the current state of affairs. They complain about the mode of the farms and monopolies, which obliges them to pay fees, paralyses the small trade and is an obstacle to much of trades of which a great part of the population live. The embarrassment is still increased by the progressive disappearance of the zinc currency, adapted so well to the condition of the needy Annamites. It still remains the base of all the small transactions. With two or three sapèques, the poor one can buy a fruit, a cake and thus calm the pains of the hunger. But, as the Government does not manufacture them any more, those which were in circulation become increasingly rare, and the market feels it, with the great detriment of all." (en)
- (Further reading: List of Chinese cash coins by inscription.)
' = Indicates that this is a misattributed cash coin .
' Indicates that this is a fake or fantasy referenced by Eduardo Toda y Güell in his Annam and its Minor Currency , the possible existence of these cash coins have not been verified by any later works. (en)
- "Another serious disadvantage consisted in the total absence of token coinages other than the inconvenient sapèque one of zinc: one needed an artillery van to go exchange 1,000 francs in ligatures for the one sapèques, since it had the weight of a barrel and half.... and at the market, the chicken weighed some times less than its price in currency." (en)
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