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% tpm2_nvread(1) tpm2-tools | General Commands Manual
# NAME
**tpm2_nvread**(1) - Read the data stored in a Non-Volatile (NV)s index.
# SYNOPSIS
**tpm2_nvread** [*OPTIONS*] [*ARGUMENT*]
# DESCRIPTION
**tpm2_nvread**(1) - Read the data stored in a Non-Volatile (NV)s index. The
index can be specified as raw handle or an offset value to the nv handle range
"TPM2_HR_NV_INDEX".
# OPTIONS
* **-C**, **\--hierarchy**=_OBJECT_:
Specifies the hierarchy used to authorize.
Supported options are:
* **o** for **TPM_RH_OWNER**
* **p** for **TPM_RH_PLATFORM**
* **`<num>`** where a hierarchy handle or nv-index may be used.
When **-C** isn't explicitly passed the index handle will be used to
authorize against the index. The index auth value is set via the
**-p** option to **tpm2_nvdefine**(1).
* **-o**, **\--output**=_FILE_:
File to write data
* **-P**, **\--auth**=_AUTH_:
Specifies the authorization value for the hierarchy.
* **-s**, **\--size**=_NATURAL_NUMBER_:
Specifies the size of data to be read in bytes, starting from 0 if
offset is not specified. If not specified, the size of the data
as reported by the public portion of the index will be used.
* **\--offset**=_NATURAL_NUMBER_:
The offset within the NV index to start reading from.
* **\--cphash**=_FILE_
File path to record the hash of the command parameters. This is commonly
termed as cpHash. NOTE: When this option is selected, The tool will not
actually execute the command, it simply returns a cpHash.
* **ARGUMENT** the command line argument specifies the NV index or offset
number.
## References
[context object format](common/ctxobj.md) details the methods for specifying
_OBJECT_.
[authorization formatting](common/authorizations.md) details the methods for
specifying _AUTH_.
[common options](common/options.md) collection of common options that provide
information many users may expect.
[common tcti options](common/tcti.md) collection of options used to configure
the various known TCTI modules.d)
# EXAMPLES
## Read 32 bytes from an index starting at offset 0
```bash
tpm2_nvdefine -C o -s 32 -a "ownerread|policywrite|ownerwrite" 1
echo "please123abc" > nv.dat
tpm2_nvwrite -C o -i nv.dat 1
tpm2_nvread -C o -s 32 1
```
[returns](common/returns.md)
[footer](common/footer.md)
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