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% tpm2_nvwrite(1) tpm2-tools | General Commands Manual
# NAME
**tpm2_nvwrite**(1) - Write data to a Non-Volatile (NV) index.
# SYNOPSIS
**tpm2_nvwrite** [*OPTIONS*] [*ARGUMENT*]
# DESCRIPTION
**tpm2_nvwrite**(1) - Write data specified via _FILE_ to a Non-Volatile (NV)
index. If _FILE_ is not specified, it defaults to stdin. The index is specified
as an argument and can be a raw handle or an offset value to the nv handle range
"TPM2_HR_NV_INDEX".
# OPTIONS
* **ARGUMENT**=_NUMBER_
Specify the NV index to write to as an offset to the starting NV index
range or an absolute index value.
Example: tpm2_nvwrite 1 is same as tpm2_nvwrite 0x01000001
* **-i**, **\--input**=_FILE_:
Specifies the input file with data to write to NV.
* **-C**, **\--hierarchy**=_OBJECT_:
Specifies the hierarchy used to authorize.
Supported options are:
* **o** for **TPM_RH_OWNER**
* **p** for **TPM_RH_PLATFORM**
* **`<num>`** where a hierarchy handle or nv-index may be used.
When **-C** isn't explicitly passed the index handle will be used to
authorize against the index. The index auth value is set via the
**-p** option to **tpm2_nvdefine**(1).
* **-P**, **\--auth**=_AUTH_:
Specifies the authorization value for the hierarchy.
* **\--offset**=_NATURAL_NUMBER_:
The offset within the NV index to start writing at.
* **\--cphash**=_FILE_
File path to record the hash of the command parameters. This is commonly
termed as cpHash. NOTE: When this option is selected, The tool will not
actually execute the command, it simply returns a cpHash.
## References
[context object format](common/ctxobj.md) details the methods for specifying
_OBJECT_.
[authorization formatting](common/authorizations.md) details the methods for
specifying _AUTH_.
[common options](common/options.md) collection of common options that provide
information many users may expect.
[common tcti options](common/tcti.md) collection of options used to configure
the various known TCTI modules.
# EXAMPLES
## Write the file nv.data to index *0x01000001*
```bash
tpm2_nvdefine -Q 1 -C o -s 32 -a "ownerread|policywrite|ownerwrite"
echo "please123abc" > nv.test_w
tpm2_nvwrite -Q 1 -C o -i nv.test_w
```
[returns](common/returns.md)
[footer](common/footer.md)
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