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visudo(1m) MAINTENANCE COMMANDS visudo(1m)
NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
visudo - edit the sudoers file
SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo [ ----cccc ] [ ----ffff _s_u_d_o_e_r_s ] [ ----qqqq ] [ ----ssss ] [ ----VVVV ]
DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo edits the _s_u_d_o_e_r_s file in a safe fashion, analogous
to _v_i_p_w(1m). vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo locks the _s_u_d_o_e_r_s file against multi
ple simultaneous edits, provides basic sanity checks, and
checks for parse errors. If the _s_u_d_o_e_r_s file is currently
being edited you will receive a message to try again
later.
There is a hard-coded list of editors that vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo will use
set at compile-time that may be overridden via the _e_d_i_t_o_r
_s_u_d_o_e_r_s Default variable. This list defaults to the path
to _v_i(1) on your system, as determined by the _c_o_n_f_i_g_u_r_e
script. Normally, vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo does not honor the EDITOR or
VISUAL environment variables unless they contain an editor
in the aforementioned editors list. However, if vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo is
configured with the _-_-_w_i_t_h_-_e_n_v_e_d_i_t_o_r flag or the _e_n_v_e_d_i_t_o_r
Default variable is set in _s_u_d_o_e_r_s, vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo will use any
the editor defines by EDITOR or VISUAL. Note that this
can be a security hole since it allows the user to execute
any program they wish simply by setting EDITOR or VISUAL.
vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo parses the _s_u_d_o_e_r_s file after the edit and will not
save the changes if there is a syntax error. Upon finding
an error, vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo will print a message stating the line
_n_u_m_b_e_r(s) where the error occurred and the user will
receive the "What now?" prompt. At this point the user
may enter "e" to re-edit the _s_u_d_o_e_r_s file, "x" to exit
without saving the changes, or "Q" to quit and save
changes. The "Q" option should be used with extreme care
because if vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo believes there to be a parse error, so
will ssssuuuuddddoooo and no one will be able to ssssuuuuddddoooo again until the
error is fixed. If "e" is typed to edit the _s_u_d_o_e_r_s file
after a parse error has been detected, the cursor will be
placed on the line where the error occurred (if the editor
supports this feature).
OOOOPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNNSSSS
vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo accepts the following command line options:
-c Enable cccchhhheeeecccckkkk----oooonnnnllllyyyy mode. The existing _s_u_d_o_e_r_s file
will be checked for syntax and a message will be
printed to the standard output detailing the status of
_s_u_d_o_e_r_s. If the syntax check completes successfully,
vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo will exit with a value of 0. If a syntax error
is encountered, vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo will exit with a value of 1.
-f Specify and alternate _s_u_d_o_e_r_s file location. With
this option vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo will edit (or check) the _s_u_d_o_e_r_s
April 25, 2002 1.6.6 1
visudo(1m) MAINTENANCE COMMANDS visudo(1m)
file of your choice, instead of the default,
@sysconfdir@/sudoers. The lock file used is the spec
ified _s_u_d_o_e_r_s file with ".tmp" appended to it.
-q Enable qqqquuuuiiiieeeetttt mode. In this mode details about syntax
errors are not printed. This option is only useful
when combined with the ----cccc flag.
-s Enable ssssttttrrrriiiicccctttt checking of the _s_u_d_o_e_r_s file. If an
alias is used before it is defined, vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo will con
sider this a parse error. Note that it is not possi
ble to differentiate between an alias and a hostname
or username that consists solely of uppercase letters,
digits, and the underscore ('_') character.
-V The ----VVVV (version) option causes vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo to print its
version number and exit.
EEEERRRRRRRROOOORRRRSSSS
sudoers file busy, try again later.
Someone else is currently editing the _s_u_d_o_e_r_s file.
/etc/sudoers.tmp: Permission denied
You didn't run vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo as root.
Can't find you in the passwd database
Your userid does not appear in the system passwd file.
Warning: undeclared Alias referenced near ...
Either you are using a {User,Runas,Host,Cmnd}_Alias
before defining it or you have a user or hostname
listed that consists solely of uppercase letters, dig
its, and the underscore ('_') character. If the lat
ter, you can ignore the warnings (ssssuuuuddddoooo will not com
plain). In ----ssss (strict) mode these are errors, not
warnings.
EEEENNNNVVVVIIIIRRRROOOONNNNMMMMEEEENNNNTTTT
The following environment variables are used only if
vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo was configured with the _-_-_w_i_t_h_-_e_n_v_-_e_d_i_t_o_r option:
EDITOR Invoked by visudo as the editor to use
VISUAL Used Invoked visudo if EDITOR is not set
FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
/etc/sudoers List of who can run what
/etc/sudoers.tmp Lock file for visudo
AAAAUUUUTTTTHHHHOOOORRRR
Many people have worked on _s_u_d_o over the years; this ver
sion of vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo was written by:
April 25, 2002 1.6.6 2
visudo(1m) MAINTENANCE COMMANDS visudo(1m)
Todd Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
See the HISTORY file in the sudo distribution or visit
http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/history.html for more details.
BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
If you feel you have found a bug in sudo, please submit a
bug report at http://www.sudo.ws/sudo/bugs/
DDDDIIIISSSSCCCCLLLLAAAAIIIIMMMMEEEERRRR
VVVViiiissssuuuuddddoooo is provided ``AS IS'' and any express or implied
warranties, including, but not limited to, the implied
warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular
purpose are disclaimed. See the LICENSE file distributed
with ssssuuuuddddoooo for complete details.
CCCCAAAAVVVVEEEEAAAATTTTSSSS
There is no easy way to prevent a user from gaining a root
shell if the editor used by vvvviiiissssuuuuddddoooo allows shell escapes.
SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
_v_i(1), _s_u_d_o(1m), _v_i_p_w(8).
April 25, 2002 1.6.6 3
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