FriCAS Code

326 lines (223 with data), 11.3 kB

Quick installation:

FriCAS now tries to support standard GNU build/installation 
conventions.  So if you have sources and all prerequisities
just:

configure && make && make install

should work. The above will install FriCAS files in
/usr/local/lib/fricas directory and put fricas command in
/usr/local/bin directory, you can give arguments to configure
to change those locations.

NOTE!! If you use svn (minimal version) the above will install broken
HyperDoc pages -- all graphic examples will be missing (and trying to access
them will crash hypertex).

The get working graphic examples login into X and replace 'make' above by
the following:

make
cd src/paste
make gphts
cd ../..
make

Important: building graphic examples accesses the X server, so it will
not work on text console.  During build drawings will temporarily
appear on the screen.  Redirecting X via ssh should work fine,
but may be slow.

It is also possible to use xvfb-run program, replacing 'make gphts'
above by:

xvfb-run --server-args="-screen 0 1024x768x24" --auto-servernum -n 0 make gphts


--------------------------------------------------------

Prerequisities:

- Lisp, one of:
    * GCL, 2.6.7 or prerelease 2.6.8 
    * sbcl, 1.0.7 or later, versions before 1.0.35 preferred
    * clisp, 2.41 or later
    * Clozure CL (former openmcl), starting from openmcl 1.1 prerelease
    070512
    * ECL, 0.9l or later (we reccomend latest version)
    * cmucl
  All Lisp implementations should give essentially the same
  functionality, however performance (speed) may differ quite a lot.
  ATM CMU CL port should be considered experimental, it received only
  little testing.  Also CMU CL seem to have problems on some machines.
  By default FriCAS tries to use sbcl, since it is fast and reliable.
  On 64-bit AMD64 on average sbcl is the fastest one (7 times faster
  than clisp), Clozure CL the second (about 2.5 times slower than sbcl),
  than gcl and ECL (about 3 times slower than sbcl) and clisp is the slowest
  one.  Note: older versions of ECL were much (about 4 times) slower,
  you should use newest version if you care about speed.

  Some computation work much faster on 64-bit machines, especially
  when using sbcl.

- noweb literate programing tool (http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/~nr/noweb/).
  Noweb sources are included in full distribution tarball.
  
- X libraries and headers (including Xpm library).

  On debian (or Ubuntu) you probably need: libx11-dev, libxt-dev, libice-dev,
  libsm-dev, libxau-dev, libxdmcp-dev, libxpm-dev.

- If using sbcl on 32/64 bit AMD/Intel processors the '--with-gmp' option
  it is available only if the development version of GMP is installed.

- Extra libraries needed to have LaTeXed output (ASCII output works
  fine without) in efricas.

  On debian (or Ubuntu) you probably need: dvipng, auctex

- Extra libraries needed by gcl.  If you use Debian gcl you probably
  need libreadline5-dev, libncurses5-dev, libgmp3-dev, libxmu-dev and
  libxaw7-dev.

Known problems:

- sbcl-1.0.29 has bug in 'directory' function which causes build
  failure.  This problem is fixed in 1.0.29.54.rc1.

- 1.0.29.54.rc1 has broken complex 'tanh' function -- you will get
  wrong results when applying 'tanh' to Complex DoubleFloat.

- in sbcl 1.0.35 and up Control-C handling does not work.  This
  is under investigation, currently the workaround is to use
  older sbcl versions.

- Some Linux versions, notably SuSe, by default seem to have very small
  limit on virtual memory.  This causes build failure when using sbcl
  or Closure CL.  Also if limit on virtual memory is too small
  sbcl-based or Closure CL-based FriCAS binary will silently fail
  at startup.  The simplest workaround is to increase limit,
  in the shell typing

    ulimit -v unlimited

  Alternatively for sbcl one can use '--dynamic-space-size' argument
  to decrease use of virtual memory.

- gcl does not work on Intel Macs, and has serious problems on
  PPC Macs and Windows.

- On Gentoo system installed gcl probably will not work, one need to
  build own one.

- Older version of gcl are incompatible with Fedora "exec-shield" and
  strong address space randomization (setting randomize_va_space to 2).
  Newest CVS version of 2.6.8 branch of gcl fixes this problem.

- gcl needs bfd library.  Many Linux systems include version of bfd
  library which is incompatible with gcl.  In the past we avised to
  use in such case the following configure line:
  
    ./configure --disable-xgcl --disable-dynsysbfd --disable-statsysbfd --enable-locbfd

  Now this a default setting if you build FriCAS+gcl together. 

- Boehm garbage collector included in old ECL (version 6.8) is incompatible
  with Fedora strong address space randomization (setting randomize_va_space
  to 2).  Using newer version of Boehm garbage collector (7.0 or 7.1) or
  newer ECL should solve this problem.

- Striping FriCAS binaries is likely to break them.  In particular Clisp
  based FriCAS may crash with message:

    module 'syscalls' requires package OS.

  while sbcl will show only loader prompt.

- On Mac OSX Tiger some users reported problems with pseudoterminals,
  build stopped with message:

    fork_Axiom: Failed to reopen server: No such file or directory

  This problem is believed to be fixed in FriCAS-1.0.5 (and later).

- ECL 9.6.2 (and probably also 9.6.1 and 9.6.0) has a bug with
  handling string constants which causes build based on this version
  to fail.  This bugs is fixed in newer versions.
  ECL 9.7.1 generates wrong C code, so that build fails.  This
  is fixed in newer versions.

- Unicode-enabled ECL before 9.8.4 is unable to build FriCAS.

- ECL up to version 0.9l may segfault at exit.  This is usually harmless,
  but may cause build to hang (for example when generating ug13.pht).
  
- In general, any error when generating documentation will cause build to hang.

- Clozure CL earlier than release 1.2 (former Openmcl) has a bug in Lisp
  printer.  This bug causes incorrect printing of FriCAS types.  Also,
  Clozure CL earlier than release 1.2 has bug in complex
  cosine function.  Those bugs are fixed in release 1.2.  If you want to
  use earlier version you can work around the bugs applying
  the 'contib/omcl.diff' patch and recompiling the compiler (see the patch
  or Clozure CL documentation for instructions).


--------------------------------------------------------

Getting Lisp.

To build FriCAS you need to install Lisp first.  You need
_one_ of the following:

- sbcl

  http://sbcl.sourceforge.net/platform-table.html

- Clozure CL

  http://ccl.clozure.com/manual/chapter2.2.html#id357702
  ftp://ftp.clozure.com/pub/release/1.2

- ECL

  http://ecls.sourceforge.net

- gcl, older versions have various problems, CVS version is
  better.  To get latest stable version from CVS use the
  following command

  cvs -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.savannah.gnu.org:/cvsroot/gcl co -r Version_2_6_8pre -d gcl-2.6.8pre gcl

  In case of build problems try the following configure line

  ./configure --disable-xgcl --disable-dynsysbfd --disable-statsysbfd --enable-locbfd 

- clisp

  http://clisp.cons.org

- cmucl

--------------------------------------------------------

Step by step instructions for first time users:

Latest (development) version of FriCAS is available only
via svn, so you need svn client (see http://subversion.tigris.org/).

You also need Lisp -- see links in section "Getting Lisp" and
follow instructions.

0) Change to a directory with enough (1.2 GB) free space

1) Fetch sources:

svn co https://fricas.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/fricas/trunk fricas

2) Fetch nonstandard prerequisities:

cd fricas

mkdir zips

cd zips
wget http://axiom.svn.sourceforge.net/svnroot/axiom/trunk/axiom/zips/noweb-2.10a.tgz

2a) Go back to first directory
cd ../..

3) Create build directory and change to it:

mkdir ax-build
cd ax-build

4) Configure.  Assuming that you want fricas files to be installed in
/tmp/usr

../fricas/configure --with-lisp=/path/to/your/lisp --prefix=/tmp/usr

where /path/to/your/lisp is name of your Lisp (for example sbcl)

5) Build and install:

make
make install

If you want graphic examples read the note before.

-------------------------------------------------------

Algebra optimization

When writing/compiling programs there is always tradeoff
between speed and safety.  Program may include many
checks to detect errors early (and allow recovery),
such programs are safe but checks take time so the program
is slower.  Or program may just blindly go forward hoping
that everything goes well.  Typically the second program
will be faster, but in case of problems it may crash
without any hint why and take user data with it.

Safety checks may be written by programmer, but another
possibility is to have compiler which automatically inserts
various checks.  FriCAS is compiled by Lisp compiler and
Lisp compilers may insert safety checks.  How many checks
are inserted may be controlled by the user.  By default
FriCAS tries to strike good balance between speed and
safety.  However, some FriCAS users want different
tradeoff.  The '--with-algebra-optimization=S' option
to configure allows changing this setting: S is a Lisp
expression specifying speed/safety tradeoff used by
Lisp compiler.  For example:

--with-algebra-optimization="((speed 3) (safety 0))"

chooses fastest (but unsafe) variant, while

--with-algebra-optimization="((speed 2) (safety 3))"

should be very safe (but possibly slow).

Note: this setting affects only algebra (that is mathematical
code).  The rest of FriCAS always uses default setting.
Rationale for this is that mathematical code is unlikely to
contain errors which can crash the whole system.

--------------------------------------------------------

Using GMP with sbcl.

Currently on average FriCAS is fastest when compiled using sbcl.
However, sbcl normally uses its own routines for computations
with large numbers and those routines are slower than GMP.
FriCAS on 32/64 bit AMD/Intel processors now has special
support to replace sbcl arithmetic routines by GMP.  To use
this support install GMP including header files (development
package if you install via a package manager).  Currently there
are two available versions, version 5 is much faster than version 4.
Then configure FriCAS adding '--with-gmp' option to the 'configure'
arguments.

--------------------------------------------------------

Extra information about installation:

The preferred way to build FriCAS is to use already installed
Lisp and noweb.  Also, it is preferable to use a separate build
directory.  Assuming that source tree is in fricas subdirectory,
you build in ax-build subdirectory and your Lisp is called sbcl
the following should just work:

cd ax-build
../fricas/configure --with-lisp=sbcl && make && make install

Alternatively, if you use gcl you can just put gcl sources as a
subdirectory (called gcl) of fricas directory -- in this case the build
process should automatically build gcl and later use the freshly
build gcl.

Currently --with-lisp option accepts all supported lisp variants, namely
sbcl, clisp, ecl, gcl and Clozure CL (openmcl).  Note: the argument
is just command to invoke chosen Lisp.  Build machinery will
automatically detect which Lisp is in use and adjust as needed.