WO2013133099A1 - 光源回路及びこれを備えた光源装置 - Google Patents
光源回路及びこれを備えた光源装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013133099A1 WO2013133099A1 PCT/JP2013/055105 JP2013055105W WO2013133099A1 WO 2013133099 A1 WO2013133099 A1 WO 2013133099A1 JP 2013055105 W JP2013055105 W JP 2013055105W WO 2013133099 A1 WO2013133099 A1 WO 2013133099A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/125—Bends, branchings or intersections
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
- G02B6/4296—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements coupling with sources of high radiant energy, e.g. high power lasers, high temperature light sources
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
- G02F1/225—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference in an optical waveguide structure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/29—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the position or the direction of light beams, i.e. deflection
- G02F1/31—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching
- G02F1/313—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure
- G02F1/3137—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure with intersecting or branching waveguides, e.g. X-switches and Y-junctions
- G02F1/3138—Digital deflection, i.e. optical switching in an optical waveguide structure with intersecting or branching waveguides, e.g. X-switches and Y-junctions the optical waveguides being made of semiconducting materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
- G02B2006/12142—Modulator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
- G02B2006/12159—Interferometer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/28—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals
- G02B6/2804—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers
- G02B6/2808—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs
- G02B6/2813—Optical coupling means having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs based on multimode interference effect, i.e. self-imaging
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/0147—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on thermo-optic effects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/21—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour by interference
- G02F1/217—Multimode interference type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a light source circuit used for optical communication, optical interconnection, and the like, and in particular, a light source circuit in which a branched optical waveguide is formed on a substrate and transmits light incident from the light source to a plurality of optical devices, and the same
- the present invention relates to a light source device provided.
- silicon is an indirect transition material, it is known that it is difficult to realize a light source with high energy efficiency.
- compound semiconductors such as GaAs (gallium arsenide) and InP (indium phosphide) are direct transition materials, a light source with high energy efficiency can be realized. For this reason, as a method for integrating a light source on a silicon substrate, a method for integrating a compound semiconductor light source on a silicon substrate is considered to be effective.
- the light from the compound semiconductor laser diode thus arranged is delivered to the optical integrated circuit through, for example, a spot size converter, a silicon optical waveguide, and the like. Further, in order to deliver light from the compound semiconductor laser diode to a plurality of optical devices on the silicon substrate, a light source circuit having a branched optical waveguide as disclosed in Non-Patent Document 2 is used.
- FIG. 29 shows a 1 ⁇ 2 multimode interference waveguide as a representative example of the branched optical waveguide.
- the 1 ⁇ 2 multimode interference waveguide branches one input light to two output terminals. As shown in FIG.
- light from a compound semiconductor laser diode can be effectively utilized if one light is branched into a plurality of light using a light source circuit having a branched optical waveguide.
- the branch optical waveguide it is desirable to use a multistage branch optical waveguide capable of distributing light to a large number of optical devices.
- the conventional light source device using the semiconductor laser diode and the branched optical waveguide has a problem that the operation of the light source device becomes unstable due to the return light from the branched optical waveguide.
- a multistage branch optical waveguide as the branch optical waveguide so that light can be distributed to a large number of optical devices.
- a multistage branching optical waveguide if the number of branching portions is increased in order to increase the number of light distributions, reflected light is generated at each branching portion, and the intensity of the return light tends to increase. There is.
- Non-patent document 3 As one method of suppressing such return light, the use of an optical isolator using a nonreciprocal phase shift effect (an effect that the amount of phase change received by the light varies depending on the propagation direction) using a magneto-optical material has been proposed ( Non-patent document 3).
- This method has an advantage that return light can be effectively suppressed.
- it is necessary to apply a magnetic field to the magneto-optical material. Therefore, there is a problem that a device for generating a magnetic field has to be added separately.
- the magneto-optical material has a problem that it is difficult to integrate the magneto-optical material on a silicon substrate because the physical properties thereof are greatly different from those of silicon.
- the light source circuit as described above has an advantage that it can be greatly reduced in size as compared with a branched optical waveguide using a quartz system as a branched optical waveguide. Often used.
- a branched optical waveguide using silicon has a drawback that it is difficult to reduce reflected light because the refractive index difference between the core and the clad is very large.
- the present invention eliminates the problems in the prior art and suppresses the return light from the branched optical waveguide to the semiconductor laser diode in the light source circuit having the branched optical waveguide that branches the light from the semiconductor laser diode into a plurality of parts. Let it be an issue.
- At least one light branching portion for branching one input-side optical waveguide into at least the first output-side optical waveguide and the second output-side optical waveguide is formed on the substrate, and is incident from the semiconductor laser light source.
- a light source circuit for transmitting the transmitted light to a plurality of optical devices The optical path length L 1 of the optical waveguide between the next stage of the optical branching section, or an optical device that is connected to the first output optical waveguide extending from the optical splitter and the optical branching section, the said optical branch portion the second and the optical path length L 2 of the optical waveguide between the next stage of the optical branching section, or an optical device which is connected to the output side optical waveguide, an absolute value of the difference between the optical path length L 1 and the optical path length L 2 is
- the light source circuit is selected to be (1/4 + i / 2) times the wavelength of light propagating through the light source circuit (i is 0 or a positive integer).
- At least one light branching portion for branching one input-side optical waveguide into at least the first output-side optical waveguide and the second output-side optical waveguide is formed on the substrate, and is incident from the semiconductor laser light source.
- a light source circuit comprising a phase control structure for controlling the optical path length so as to be (1/4 + i / 2) times the wavelength of light propagating through the light source circuit (i is 0 or a positive integer).
- phase control structure includes a dynamic phase control mechanism for dynamically adjusting an optical path length.
- dynamic phase control mechanism is a phase modulator.
- the dynamic phase control mechanism is a micro heater.
- (6) The light source circuit according to any one of (1) to (5), wherein a plurality of stages of light branching portions are formed on the substrate.
- An optical branching unit that branches one input side optical waveguide as at least a first output side optical waveguide, a second output side optical waveguide, a third output side optical waveguide, and a fourth output side optical waveguide in this order Is a light source circuit that is formed on at least one substrate and transmits light incident from a semiconductor laser light source to a plurality of optical devices, First to fourth output-side optical waveguides extend from the optical branch to the next-stage optical branch or optical device, and the first and fourth output-side optical waveguides and the second and third output-sides Each of the optical waveguides forms a pair, and the absolute difference between the optical path length of one output-side optical waveguide of each pair of the optical branching portions and the optical path length of the other output-side optical waveguide of each pair of the optical branching portions
- the light source circuit is characterized in that the value is selected to be (1/4 + i / 2) times the wavelength of light transmitted through the light source circuit (i is 0 or a positive integer).
- the optical path length L B from the second output-side optical waveguide of the multimode interference waveguide to the next-stage optical branch is the absolute value of the difference between the optical path length L A and the optical path length L B transmitted through the light source circuit.
- a light source device comprising: a semiconductor laser light source; and the light source circuit according to any one of (1) to (13) connected to the semiconductor laser light source.
- the reflected light generated in the next-stage optical branching unit or optical device connected to the first output-side optical waveguide of the previous-stage optical branching unit and the second output side of the previous-stage optical branching unit Since the reflected light generated in the optical branching unit of the next stage or the optical device connected to the optical waveguide is synthesized in an antiphase in the optical branching unit of the previous stage, the light from the semiconductor laser diode light source is combined.
- a light source circuit having a branched optical waveguide that is branched into a plurality return light can be effectively suppressed.
- the return light from the branch optical waveguide to the semiconductor laser diode can be suppressed, and the operation of the semiconductor laser diode light source can be stabilized.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a two-stage branching optical waveguide having a phase control structure introduced as a first embodiment of a light source circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a two-stage branching optical waveguide having a phase control structure introduced as a first embodiment of a light source circuit according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a light source circuit in which a phase control structure is introduced between a multistage branch optical waveguide and an optical integrated circuit as a third embodiment of the light source circuit of the present invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the 1 step branch optical waveguide which introduce
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a multistage branch optical waveguide in which a directional coupler is combined in addition to a phase control structure, as a fifth embodiment of the light source circuit of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram showing a multi-stage branch optical waveguide combining a four-branch optical branching unit and a phase control structure as a seventh embodiment of the light source circuit of the present invention.
- a light source circuit in which a phase control structure is introduced into a multi-stage branch optical waveguide configured by combining a two-branch optical branch unit and a four-branch optical branch unit is shown.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a light source circuit in which a phase control structure is introduced only at one position between the first-stage branch portion and the second-stage branch portion of the multi-stage branch optical waveguide as a ninth embodiment of the light source circuit of the present invention. is there. It is a schematic diagram which shows the high-order mode cut filter which connected the single mode optical waveguide to the multimode optical waveguide.
- FIG. 1 shows a light source device 100 having a light source circuit 10 according to the present invention.
- the light source device 100 includes a semiconductor laser diode light source 14 and a light source circuit 10 formed on a device substrate 12.
- the device substrate 12 for example, a silicon substrate or an SOI substrate can be used.
- the semiconductor laser diode light source 14 is preferably a compound semiconductor laser diode formed from a GaAs or InP compound semiconductor.
- the light source circuit 10 includes an introduction optical waveguide 16, a branch optical waveguide 18, and a phase control structure 20.
- the light from the semiconductor laser diode light source 14 is guided to the branch optical waveguide 18 through the introduction optical waveguide 16, and the light guided to the branch optical waveguide 18 is distributed into a plurality of lines and supplied to the optical device 22.
- the introduction optical waveguide 16 is an arbitrary type of optical waveguide that guides the light from the semiconductor laser diode light source 14 to the branch optical waveguide 18.
- the introduction optical waveguide 16 is a silicon fine wire optical waveguide, a silicon rib optical waveguide, a polysilicon fine wire optical waveguide, or polysilicon.
- a silicon-based optical waveguide such as a rib optical waveguide, an amorphous silicon thin-wire optical waveguide, an amorphous silicon rib optical waveguide, a SiON optical waveguide, a SiN optical waveguide, or a SiC optical waveguide can be used.
- the introduction optical waveguide 16 may be another optical waveguide such as a silica-based optical waveguide or a polymer optical waveguide.
- the branching optical waveguide 18 is formed with at least one light branching section 24 for branching one input-side waveguide to at least two output-side waveguides, so that the input light is distributed into a plurality of pieces. It has become.
- the branched optical waveguide 18 is preferably a multistage branched optical waveguide in which a plurality of stages of optical branching portions 24 are formed on the device substrate 12.
- the branched optical waveguide 18 can be formed from a silicon-based material such as silicon, polysilicon, or amorphous silicon, and the optical branching section 24 can be a multimode interference waveguide or a Y-branched optical waveguide.
- the optical branching section 24 may be another type of branching optical waveguide such as a directional coupler, and the branching optical waveguide 18 and the optical branching section 24 may be made of a silicon-based material such as SiON, SiN, or SiC, or quartz-based. Needless to say, it may be formed of other materials such as materials and polymer materials.
- the phase control structure 20 is a means for controlling the phase of propagating light by controlling the optical path length from the preceding optical branching section 24 of the branching optical waveguide 18 to the input terminal of the subsequent optical branching section 24 or the optical device 22.
- the branched optical waveguide 18 it is introduced into an optical waveguide that connects the output terminal of the preceding optical branching section 24 and the input terminal of the optical branching section 24 or the optical device 22 of the next stage.
- the light source circuit 10 may further include a spot size converter 26 disposed between the semiconductor laser diode light source 14 and the introduction optical waveguide 16.
- a spot size converter 26 disposed between the semiconductor laser diode light source 14 and the introduction optical waveguide 16.
- the spot size converter 26 for example, a reverse tapered silicon optical waveguide, a forward tapered silicon optical waveguide, or a structure in which a reverse tapered silicon optical waveguide and a SiON optical waveguide or a polymer optical waveguide are combined can be used.
- a reverse or forward taper structure may be applied to the SiON optical waveguide or polymer optical waveguide.
- the optical branching unit 24 of the next stage is connected to each of the two output terminals (the first output terminal 24a and the second output terminal 24b) of the optical branching unit 24 of the previous stage via the optical waveguide.
- a multi-stage branching optical waveguide 18 as shown in FIG. 1 is formed by repeating such a structure in which two optical branching portions 24 are cascade-connected.
- a multimode interference waveguide or a Y-branching optical waveguide may be used as described above. For example, if a 1 ⁇ 2 multimode interference waveguide or a Y-branch optical waveguide is used as each optical branching section 24, the light incident on each optical branching section 24 can be distributed by 50% to the two optical waveguides. .
- the phase control structure 20 is introduced into one of the optical waveguides connected to the two output terminals 24 a and 24 b of the optical branching unit 24 in the preceding stage.
- the phase control structure 20 includes an optical path length L 1 from one output terminal (first output terminal 24 a) of the preceding optical branching section 24 to the input terminal 24 c of the subsequent optical branching section 24 along the optical waveguide 28.
- ⁇ represents the wavelength of light propagating through the light source circuit.
- (1/4 + i / 2) ⁇ is satisfied.
- the two-stage branching optical waveguide performs two-stage cascade connection of the optical branching sections 24, that is, the first output terminal 24a and the second output terminal 24b of one optical branching section 24 in the preceding stage. Each of these is realized by connecting two optical branching sections 24 to the next stage through optical waveguides 28.
- the return light in the two-stage branching optical waveguide shown in FIG. 4 is the reflected light generated by one light branching section 24 in the first stage and the reflected light generated by two light branching sections 24 in the second stage. Overlay.
- the return light is maximized when the reflected light generated at the first-stage light branching portion 24 and the reflected light generated at the second-stage light branching portion 24 are intensified.
- the amplitude reflectance of each optical branching section 24 is R ( ⁇ 1)
- the energy reflectance so is represented by the square of the amplitude reflectance, energy reflectance of a two-stage branch optical waveguide, i.e., the energy reflectance corresponding to the return light, be represented by approximately 4R 2 it can.
- an optical waveguide having an optical path length ⁇ / 4 is introduced as the phase control structure 20.
- the two lights propagating through the two optical waveguides 28 extending between the first-stage optical branching section 24 and the second-stage optical branching section 24 are reciprocated to cause a difference in optical path length ⁇ / 2.
- the reflected light incident on the first output terminal 24a and the second output terminal 24b of the first-stage optical branching unit 24 is in an antiphase state in which the phases are different from each other by 180 degrees.
- the light interferes with each other and cancels out, and cannot be coupled to the input terminal 24c.
- the reflected light generated at the light branching portion 24 does not contribute to the return light. Therefore, the introduction of the phase control structure 20 makes it possible to completely suppress the return light caused by the second-stage optical branching unit 24.
- the phase control structure 20 since the phase control structure 20 exists, even if the reflected light is generated in the optical branching unit 24 in the subsequent stage, the first output terminal 24a of the optical branching unit 24 in the upstream stage is used.
- the reflected light that has returned and the reflected light that has returned to the second output terminal 24b of the preceding optical branching unit 24 are in antiphase (that is, in a state where the phase is shifted by 180 degrees), and are superimposed on the preceding optical branching unit 24. Since they interfere with each other and cancel each other, there is an effect of suppressing the return light.
- the present invention is introduced into a light source circuit 10 having another structure such as a multi-stage branching optical waveguide having three or more stages or a light source circuit including a branching optical waveguide having a light branching part for branching light into three or more optical waveguides.
- a light source circuit 10 having another structure such as a multi-stage branching optical waveguide having three or more stages or a light source circuit including a branching optical waveguide having a light branching part for branching light into three or more optical waveguides.
- branched optical waveguides 18 that can achieve the return light suppression effect by introducing the phase control structure 20 according to the present invention will be described.
- FIG. 6 shows a light source circuit including a four-stage branch optical waveguide 32 (16-branch optical waveguide) in which a phase control structure is introduced. Even in the multi-stage branching optical waveguide 32 having three or more stages, the return light caused by the optical branching section 24 in the second and subsequent stages can be completely suppressed by the same principle as the two-stage branching optical waveguide 30 described above. .
- the reflected light from the optical branching section 24 in the second and subsequent stages does not contribute to the return light, and the two stages in which the phase control structure 20 is introduced.
- the value of the energy reflectance corresponding to the return light is R 2 as in the case of the one-stage branch optical waveguide.
- the worst value of the return light swells in proportion to the square of the number of stages
- the multistage branching optical waveguide 18 in which the phase control structure 20 is introduced As described above, the return light does not increase according to the number of stages. Therefore, if the phase control structure 20 is introduced into the multistage branching optical waveguide 18, the number of stages of the optical branching section 24 can be freely selected during device design.
- the value of the energy reflectivity corresponding to the return light is one-stage branch optical waveguide. Since the amplitude reflectance of the first-stage optical branching portion is R 1 , and the amplitude reflectance of the second-stage and subsequent optical branching portions is R 2 , R 3 ,. the value of the energy reflectance corresponding to the return light in the branched optical waveguides 18 are approximately expressed as R 1 2.
- the energy reflectance corresponding to the return light is determined by the amplitude reflectance of the first stage light branching section 24, and the amplitude reflectance of the first stage light branching section 24 is reduced. By simply doing this, the return light can be greatly suppressed.
- the amplitude reflectance of all the light branching portions 24 must be reduced.
- the phase control structure 20 is introduced in accordance with the present invention, the return light can be easily suppressed.
- the reflected light from the optical branching section 24 in the second and subsequent stages in the multistage branching optical waveguide 18 does not contribute to the return light. It is permitted to use the light branching portion 24 having a relatively large amplitude reflectance.
- a configuration in which the optical branching unit 24 having a small amplitude reflectance is used in the first stage and the optical branching unit 24 having a relatively large amplitude reflectance is used in the second and subsequent stages.
- the optical branching unit 24 that needs to reduce the amplitude reflectance is only the first stage, and all others can be the optical branching unit 24 having a relatively large amplitude reflectance.
- the optical branching section 24 can be reduced in size as the allowable amplitude reflectance is larger. Therefore, if the phase control structure 20 is introduced, a configuration in which the ultra-compact optical branching section 24 is arranged after the second stage is possible, which contributes to miniaturization of the light source circuit 10 through suppression of return light.
- phase control structure 20 is introduced between the upstream optical branching portion 24 and the downstream optical branching portion 24 in order to suppress the return light due to the reflected light generated in the optical branching portion 24 is described.
- the phase control structure 20 can be introduced between the optical branching unit 24 in the previous stage and the optical device 22 in the subsequent stage connected to the optical branching unit 24 to suppress the return light caused by the optical device. .
- the light propagating through the optical waveguide 28 has a property of reflecting at a location where the structure changes. For this reason, reflected light may also be generated at the connection location between the optical waveguide 28 and the optical device 22.
- a phase control structure 20 may be introduced between the optical device 22 and the optical branching unit 24 at the preceding stage.
- the phase control structure 20 sets the optical path length of the optical waveguide 28 between the input terminal of the optical device 22 and each of the two output terminals 24a and 24b of the optical branching unit 24 at the front stage of the optical device to L 1.
- L 2 an optical waveguide having a length satisfying
- the return light resulting from the optical device 22 can be suppressed.
- Such an effect cannot be realized by the conventional idea of suppressing the return light by reducing the reflected light at the light branching portion.
- the phase control structure 20 satisfies the condition of
- the phase control structure 20 satisfies
- (1/2 + i) ⁇ .
- ⁇ (1 + 2i). That is, an antiphase state having a phase difference of 180 ° is formed by the optical path difference 2
- ⁇ / 4.
- the phase control structure 20 is configured to have
- FIG. 9 shows a light source circuit in which a directional coupler 36 is combined in the previous stage of the multistage branch optical waveguide 18.
- the directional coupler 36 has a feature that the amplitude reflectance is small. Therefore, when the directional coupler 36 is used in front of the multistage branch optical waveguide 18, the amplitude reflectivity R 1 of the first stage optical branch can be reduced, so that the return light caused by the multistage branch optical waveguide Can be effectively suppressed.
- the directional coupler 36 shown in FIG. 9 has a first input terminal 36a, a second input terminal 36b, a first output terminal 36c, and a second output terminal 36d, and the first input terminal 36a includes Are connected to the first output terminal 36c and the second output terminal 36d via the optical waveguide 28, respectively.
- One of the optical waveguides 28 connected to the first output terminal 36c and the second output terminal 36d of the directional coupler 36 (in FIG. 9, the optical waveguide 28 connected to the second output terminal 36d). ) Introduces a phase control structure 20 '.
- This phase control structure 20 ′ has an optical path length L 1 ′ from the first output terminal 36c of the directional coupler 36 to the input terminal 24c of the optical branching unit 24 at the next stage along the optical waveguide 28 connected thereto. And the absolute value of the difference between the second output terminal 36d of the directional coupler 36 and the optical path length L 2 ′ from the second output terminal 36d of the directional coupler 36 to the input terminal 24c of the optical branching section 24 at the next stage
- is (i / 2) ⁇ (i 0, 1, 2, 3,...) May be used.
- the phase control structure 20 ′ is different from the phase control structure 20 introduced in the subsequent stage of the optical branching section 24 such as a multimode interference waveguide or a Y branch optical waveguide, such as a multimode interference waveguide or a Y branch optical waveguide. This is because the operating principles of the optical branching section 24 and the directional coupler 36 are different.
- the directional coupler 36 In the case where the directional coupler 36 is used in this manner, if light is incident on the first input terminal 36a of the directional coupler 36 if the phase control is appropriately performed, the first output terminal 36c and the second output terminal 36c. On the other hand, the reflected light generated in the optical branching section 24 of the next stage connected to the first output terminal 36c and the second output terminal 36d is distributed to the first output terminal 36c and the second output terminal 36d. Is output to the second input terminal 36b through the output terminal 36d. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the return light caused by the branched optical waveguide 18.
- the phase control structure 20 ′ introduced into the optical waveguide 28 connected to the subsequent stage of the directional coupler 36 is
- (i / 2)
- the oscillation wavelength of the semiconductor laser diode light source 14 deviates from the design value due to the influence of a temperature change or the like.
- FIG. 9 the same operation and effect are realized when a 2 ⁇ 2 multimode interference waveguide 37 as shown in FIG. 10 is used instead of the directional coupler 36.
- the phase control structure 20 can be introduced into a multistage branch optical waveguide using a 1 ⁇ N multimode interference waveguide or a 1 ⁇ NY branch optical waveguide as the optical branching section 24.
- FIG. 11 shows a 1 ⁇ 3 multimode interference waveguide and FIG. 12 shows a 1 ⁇ 3Y branch optical waveguide as an example of a three-branch optical branching section 38.
- the 1 ⁇ 3 multimode interference waveguide shown in FIG. 11 includes one input terminal 38a and three output terminals (a first output terminal 38b, a second output terminal 38c, and a third output terminal 38d). And distributes the light input to the input terminal 38a to the first output terminal 38b, the second output terminal 38c, and the third output terminal 38d.
- the 1 ⁇ 3 type Y branch optical waveguide shown in FIG. 12 also has one input terminal 38a and three output terminals (a first output terminal 38b, a second output terminal 38c, and a third output terminal 38d). And distributes the light input to the input terminal 38a to the first output terminal 38b, the second output terminal 38c, and the third output terminal 38d.
- FIG. 13 shows an embodiment of a multi-stage branch optical waveguide 40 using a three-branch optical branching section 38.
- the phase control structure 20 has the third output terminal 38d of the first stage optical branching section 38 and the input terminal 38a of the second stage optical branching section 38 connected thereto.
- the phase control structure 20 is introduced from the first output terminal 38b of the first-stage optical branching section 38 to the optical waveguide 28 connected thereto.
- the multistage branch optical waveguide 40 shown in FIG. 13 even if reflected light is generated in the second-stage three-branch optical branch section 38, it is incident on the first output terminal 38b of the first-stage three-branch optical branch section 38.
- the reflected light and the reflected light incident on the third output terminal 38d are out of phase and cancel each other, and therefore cannot be coupled to the input terminal 38a of the first-stage three-branch optical branching section 38. Therefore, the reflected light generated in the second-stage optical branching section 38 connected to the first-stage first output terminal 38b and the third output terminal 38d does not contribute to the return light. Therefore, if the phase control structure 20 is introduced according to the present invention, the return light can be effectively suppressed even in the multi-stage branch optical waveguide 40 using the three-branch optical branching section 38.
- FIG. 14 shows a 1 ⁇ 4 multimode interference waveguide as an example of the four-branching optical branching section 42.
- the 1 ⁇ 4 multimode interference waveguide includes one input terminal 42a and four output terminals (a first output terminal 42b, a second output terminal 42c, a third output terminal 42d, and a fourth output terminal 42e). And the light input to the input terminal 42a is distributed to the first output terminal 42b, the second output terminal 42c, the third output terminal 42d, and the fourth output terminal 42e.
- FIG. 15 shows an embodiment of a branched optical waveguide 44 using a four-branch optical branching section 42.
- the first phase control structure 20-1 includes the third output terminal 42d of the first-stage optical branching section 42 and the second-stage optical branching section 42 connected thereto.
- the second phase control structure 20-2 is introduced into the optical waveguide 28 extending between the input terminal 42a and the second output terminal 42e of the first-stage optical branching section 42 and 2 connected thereto. It is introduced into an optical waveguide 28 that extends between the input terminal 42 a of the optical branching section 42 at the stage.
- the first phase control structure 20-1 includes an input terminal 42a of the second-stage optical branching section 42 along the optical waveguide 28 connected to the second output terminal 42c of the first-stage optical branching section 42.
- the second phase control structure Reference numeral 20-2 denotes an optical path length L 1 from the first output terminal 42b of the first-stage optical branching section 42 to the input terminal 42a of the second-stage optical branching section 42 along the optical waveguide 28 connected thereto.
- the branched optical waveguide 44 shown in FIG. 15 even if reflected light is generated in the second-stage four-branch light branching section 42, it is incident on the first output terminal 42 b of the first-stage four-branch light branching section 42.
- the reflected light and the reflected light incident on the fourth output terminal 42e are out of phase and cancel each other, and therefore cannot be coupled to the input terminal 42a of the first-stage four-branch light branching section 42.
- the reflected light incident on the second output terminal 42c and the reflected light incident on the third output terminal 42d of the first-stage four-branching optical branching section 42 are the first-stage four-branching optical branching section. 42 cannot be coupled to the input terminal 42a.
- the reflected light generated in the second-stage light branching portion 42 does not contribute to the return light. Therefore, if the phase control structures 20-1 and 20-2 are introduced according to the present invention, the return light can be effectively suppressed even in the branched optical waveguide 44 using the four-branch optical branching section.
- the present invention can most effectively suppress the return light when the number of branches of the light branching portion is an even number.
- the second-stage optical branching unit 38 connected to the first output terminal 38b and the second output terminal 38d connected to the second output terminal 38d.
- the return light caused by the reflected light generated at the stage light branching portion 38 can be sufficiently suppressed, it is caused by the reflected light generated at the second stage light branching portion 38 connected to the second output terminal 38c. Return light cannot be sufficiently suppressed.
- the optical branching section 38 or 42 is connected to the second stage, but the optical device 22 can be connected instead of the optical branching section 38 or 42. In this case, the same effect is obtained.
- phase control structures 20-1 and 20-2 may be introduced into a multi-stage branch optical waveguide 46 configured by combining a four-branch optical branch unit 42 and a two-branch optical branch unit 38. it can.
- Can be applied to a branched optical waveguide configured using optical branching portions distributed at an arbitrary ratio to N (N 2, 3, 4,%) Optical waveguides.
- the output light to the two optical waveguides 28 may be distributed at an arbitrary ratio other than 1: 1.
- the optical branching section 24 distributed at a ratio other than 1: 1 is realized by arranging, for example, two optical waveguides 28 (or output terminals) on the output side at asymmetric positions in a 1 ⁇ 2 multimode interference waveguide. can do. Even in such a case, it is possible to suppress the return light by applying the present invention and introducing the phase control structure 20. However, as the output light to the two optical waveguides 28 is distributed at a ratio close to 1: 1, the return light is better suppressed.
- the return light is better suppressed as the distribution ratio of the output light to the N optical waveguides is closer to symmetry.
- the effect of suppressing the return light is the best when the output light to the paired output terminals arranged at symmetrical positions is equal in the optical branching section.
- the phase control structure 20 is connected to the next stage from the output terminal A of the preceding optical branching unit.
- the return light is the best. It is suppressed.
- the output light to the second output terminal 42c and the output light to the third output terminal 42d are equal, and further, the first output terminal 42b Return light is best suppressed when the output light to the fourth output terminal 42e is equal.
- the output ratio to the first output terminal 42b, the second output terminal 42c, the third output terminal 42d, and the fourth output terminal 42e of the four-branch optical branching unit. are not uniform and 1: 2: 2: 1 (17%: 33%: 33%: 17%), the return light can be suppressed well.
- Phase control structure 20 includes an optical path length L 1 of the optical path 1 from the output terminal 1 of the preceding stage of the optical branching section to the next stage of the optical branching section, or optical device, the front stage of the optical branching section (output terminal 1 and the pair )
- the phase control structure 20 is a structure corresponding to the difference between the optical path 1 and the optical path 2.
- the optical path length is expressed as an integral ⁇ n ⁇ dl with respect to ndl obtained by multiplying the effective refractive index n of the optical waveguide by the distance dl. Therefore, in order to control the optical path length, the effective refractive index and length of the optical waveguide may be adjusted appropriately.
- n represents the effective refractive index of the optical waveguide
- ⁇ L represents the length of the optical waveguide.
- a method using the effective refractive index of the optical waveguide will be described as a method for controlling the optical path length.
- ⁇ n may be determined so that
- L represents the length of the optical waveguide.
- a method of changing the effective refractive index of the optical waveguide there is a method of changing the shape of the optical waveguide.
- the effective refractive index of the optical waveguide can be changed by changing the width of the optical waveguide.
- the width of the optical waveguide may be appropriately determined so that
- (1/4 + i / 2) ⁇ is satisfied.
- This method can be easily realized by adjusting the effective refractive index of the optical waveguide (for example, the width of the optical waveguide) as shown in FIG.
- an optical waveguide having an effective refractive index n + ⁇ n and a length ⁇ L may be introduced as the phase control structure 20.
- ⁇ n and ⁇ L may be determined so that
- the width of the optical waveguide is adjusted in order to change the effective refractive index of the optical waveguide.
- the above methods may be freely combined to control the optical path length.
- the optical path length L 1 ⁇ so that the absolute value
- the phase control structure 20 is a structure corresponding to the difference between the optical path 1 and the optical path 2.
- phase control structure 20 which is a feature of the present invention
- FIG. 22 in principle, only one phase control structure 20 needs to be introduced between the first-stage branch section 24 and the second-stage branch section 24.
- phase control structure 20 By setting the phase of the light returning to the first output terminal 24a and the second output terminal 24b to the opposite phase using the phase control structure 20, return light to the input terminal 24c can be suppressed.
- phase control structure 20 in order to effectively suppress the return light, it is preferable to introduce the phase control structure 20 to each branch portion 24 as shown in FIG.
- the phase control structure 20 By increasing the number of phase control structures 20, it becomes possible to sufficiently suppress the return light even when a manufacturing error, a temperature distribution on the substrate, or the like occurs.
- the first output terminal 24a and the second output terminal 24a are suppressed in order to suppress the return light. It is desired that the configuration of the branching unit or the optical device connected in cascade to the output terminal 24b is the same.
- the phase control structure 20 when the phase control structure 20 is introduced to each branching section 24, the return light is locally suppressed at each branching section 24, so that the configuration of the branching section or the optical device is more flexible. It becomes possible to design.
- the phase of the light returning to the first output terminal 24a and the second output terminal 24b is set to the opposite phase using the phase control structure 20, thereby returning the light to the input terminal 24c. Said that can be suppressed. This is because a single mode optical waveguide is assumed as the optical waveguide connected to the input terminal 24c.
- the phase of the light returning to the first output terminal 24 a and the second output terminal 24 b is antiphase using the phase control structure 20.
- the return light since the return light is coupled to the higher mode of the optical waveguide of the input terminal 24c, the return light cannot be suppressed.
- a high-order mode cut filter may be introduced into the multimode optical waveguide of the input terminal 24c. Even if the optical waveguide connected to the input terminal 24c is a multimode optical waveguide, the return light suppression effect described in the above embodiment can be obtained in the same manner by introducing a higher-order mode cut filter.
- a single mode optical waveguide may be used. As shown in FIG. 23, by connecting a single mode optical waveguide to a multimode optical waveguide, higher-order modes can be easily removed. Furthermore, if a device such as bending a single-mode optical waveguide is devised, higher-order modes can be removed at a shorter distance.
- a multimode optical waveguide may be used in addition to the single mode optical waveguide.
- the semiconductor laser light source 14 in the above embodiment for example, a Fabry-Perot type semiconductor laser diode, a distributed Bragg reflection type semiconductor laser diode, or a distributed feedback type semiconductor laser diode may be used.
- a distributed feedback semiconductor laser diode it is known that the operation of the distributed feedback semiconductor laser diode is likely to be unstable due to the return light.
- a semiconductor laser diode array in which a plurality of laser diodes are formed between two electrodes on one chip as shown in FIG. 24 may be used as the semiconductor laser light source 14.
- FIG. 25 shows an example of an embodiment of a light source device using a semiconductor laser diode array according to the present invention.
- a semiconductor laser diode array By using a semiconductor laser diode array, it is possible to increase the density of light sources and increase the number of light outputs.
- the light source device using the semiconductor laser diode array there is a problem in that the light output from each laser diode varies due to the return light.
- a semiconductor laser diode array a plurality of laser diodes are formed on one chip, and the plurality of laser diodes are collectively controlled by two electrodes (p-type electrode and n-type electrode). For this reason, the problem cannot be dealt with if the light output from each laser diode varies due to the return light.
- the light source device using the semiconductor laser diode array has a big problem that the operation of the light source device is likely to be unstable due to the return light.
- the present invention can be applied to a light source device using a semiconductor laser diode array, and provides means for realizing a stable operation of the light source device using the semiconductor laser diode array.
- a mechanism for dynamically controlling the phase may be introduced into the phase control structure 20.
- a mechanism for dynamically controlling the phase a phase modulator generally used in an optical modulator, an optical switch, or the like may be used.
- the phase can be dynamically controlled by changing the refractive index of the optical waveguide using the thermo-optic effect, the electro-optic effect, and the carrier plasma effect.
- the light source device can be operated more stably.
- a mechanism for dynamically controlling the phase can be introduced into the phase control structure 20 by introducing a micro heater (thermo-optical effect).
- a monitor may be connected to the second input terminal 36b of the directional coupler, and the state of the return light may be observed.
- the return light to the first input terminal 36a of the directional coupler is most suppressed when the return light to the second input terminal 36b of the directional coupler is the largest.
- a 2 ⁇ 2 multimode interference waveguide may be used instead of the directional coupler.
- the light source circuit 10 of the present invention has been described above with reference to the illustrated embodiment.
- the present invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiment.
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Abstract
Description
分岐光導波路の代表例として、1×2多モード干渉導波路を図29に示す。1×2多モード干渉導波路は、一本の入力光を二つの出力端子に分岐させる。図30に示すように、分岐光導波路を有する光源回路を用いて一本の光を複数本に分岐させれば、化合物半導体レーザダイオードからの光を有効に活用できる。分岐光導波路としては、多数の光デバイスへの光分配が可能な多段分岐光導波路を利用することが望ましい。
例えば、特許文献1及び特許文献2に開示されているような、特殊な形状の分岐部を有する分岐光導波路が提案されている。しかしながら、理論設計上、反射光の少ない分岐光導波路であっても、作成誤差によって反射光が生じることは避けることができないという問題がある。この場合、微細加工精度を向上させることによって、反射光を低減させることも可能であるが、微細加工精度の向上には、膨大なコスト、綿密なプロセス管理が必要になってしまう。
(1)一つの入力側光導波路を少なくとも第一の出力側光導波路及び第二の出力側光導波路に分岐させる光分岐部が少なくとも一つ基板上に形成されており、半導体レーザ光源から入射された光を複数の光デバイスに伝送する光源回路であって、
光分岐部と該光分岐部から延びる前記第一の出力側光導波路に接続される次段の光分岐部又は光デバイスとの間の光導波路の光路長L1と、前記光分岐部と前記第二の出力側光導波路に接続される次段の光分岐部又は光デバイスとの間の光導波路の光路長L2とは、光路長L1と光路長L2との差の絶対値が、前記光源回路を伝搬する光の波長の(1/4+i/2)倍(iは、0又は正の整数)になるように選定されていることを特徴とする光源回路。
(2)一つの入力側光導波路を少なくとも第一の出力側光導波路及び第二の出力側光導波路に分岐させる光分岐部が少なくとも一つ基板上に形成されており、半導体レーザ光源から入射された光を複数の光デバイスに伝送する光源回路であって、
光分岐部と該光分岐部から延びる前記第一の出力側光導波路に接続される次段の光分岐部又は光デバイスとの間の光導波路の光路長L1と、前記光分岐部と前記第二の出力側光導波路に接続される次段の光分岐部又は光デバイスとの間の光導波路の光路長L2とは、光路長L1と光路長L2との差の絶対値が、前記光源回路を伝搬する光の波長の(1/4+i/2)倍(iは、0又は正の整数)になるように光路長を制御するための位相制御構造を備えた光源回路。
(3)前記位相制御構造は、光路長を動的に調整するための動的位相制御機構を含むことを特徴とする(2)に記載の光源回路。
(4)前記動的位相制御機構は、位相変調器である、(3)に記載の光源回路。
(5)前記動的位相制御機構は、マイクロヒーターである、(3)に記載の光源回路。
(6)複数段の光分岐部が前記基板上に形成されている、(1)から(5)の何れかに記載の光源回路。
(7)一つの入力側光導波路を少なくとも第一の出力側光導波路、第二の出力側光導波路、第三の出力側光導波路及び第四の出力側光導波路としてこの順に分岐させる光分岐部が少なくとも一つ基板上に形成されており、半導体レーザ光源から入射された光を複数の光デバイスに伝送する光源回路であって、
前記光分岐部から次段の光分岐部又は光デバイスまで第一ないし第四の出力側光導波路が延びており、かつ第一及び第四の出力側光導波路と第二及び第三の出力側光導波路はそれぞれ対をなしており、前記光分岐部の各対の一方の出力側光導波路の光路長と前記光分岐部の各対の他方の出力側光導波路の光路長との差の絶対値が、前記光源回路を伝送される光の波長の(1/4+i/2)倍(iは、0又は正の整数)になるように選定されていることを特徴とする光源回路。
(8)前記光分岐部は全ての出力側光導波路に均等に光を分配する、(1)から(7)の何れかに記載の光源回路。
(9)前記光分岐部の前記入力側光導波路の前段に、方向性結合器又は2×2多モード干渉導波路が設けられている、(1)から(8)の何れかに記載の光源回路。
(10)前記方向性結合器又は前記2×2多モード干渉導波路の第一の出力側光導波路から次段の光分岐部までの光路長LAと前記方向性結合器又は前記2×2多モード干渉導波路の第二の出力側光導波路から次段の光分岐部までの光路長LBとは、光路長LAと光路長LBの差の絶対値が、前記光源回路を伝送される光の波長のi/2倍(iは、0又は正の整数)になるように選定されていることを特徴とする(9)に記載の光源回路。
(11)前記方向性結合器又は前記2×2多モード干渉導波路の一方の入力側光導波路に、光モニターが接続されている、(9)又は(10)に記載の光源回路。
(12)前記光分岐部は1×N多モード干渉導波路又は1×NY分岐光導波路(Nは2以上の正の整数)からなる、(1)から(11)の何れかに記載の光源回路。
(13)前記基板はシリコン基板又はSOI基板である、(1)から(12)の何れかに記載の光源回路。
(14)半導体レーザ光源と、該半導体レーザ光源と接続されている(1)から(13)の何れかに記載の光源回路とを備えたことを特徴とする光源装置。
(15)前記半導体レーザ光源は、化合物半導体レーザダイオード又は化合物半導体レーザダイオードアレイからなる、(14)に記載の光源装置。
これにより、分岐光導波路から半導体レーザダイオードへの戻り光を抑制することができるようになり、半導体レーザダイオード光源の動作を安定させることが可能となる。
図1は、本発明による光源回路10を備えた光源装置100を示している。図1を参照すると、光源装置100は、デバイス基板12上に形成された半導体レーザダイオード光源14と光源回路10とを備える。デバイス基板12としては、例えば、シリコン基板又はSOI基板を用いることができる。
半導体レーザダイオード光源14からの光は、導入光導波路16を通じて分岐光導波路18へと導かれ、分岐光導波路18へと導かれた光は、複数本に分配されて光デバイス22へ供給される。
分岐光導波路18は、複数段の光分岐部24がデバイス基板12上に形成された多段分岐光導波路であることが好ましい。
ここで、光分岐部24を、方向性結合器など他の種類の分岐光導波路としてもよく、分岐光導波路18及びその光分岐部24を、SiON、SiN、SiCなどのシリコン系材料、石英系材料、ポリマー系材料など他の材料から形成してもよいことは言うまでもないことである。
各光分岐部24としては、上述したように多モード干渉導波路やY分岐光導波路を用いればよい。例えば、各光分岐部24として、1×2多モード干渉導波路やY分岐光導波路を用いれば、各光分岐部24に入射した光を2本の光導波路に50%ずつ分配することができる。
これと対比して、図5に示すように、光路長λ/4の光導波路からなる位相制御構造20を導入した本発明による2段分岐光導波路30における戻り光を考える。位相制御構造20を導入した2段分岐光導波路30においても、1段目の一つの光分岐部24、及び、2段目の二つの光分岐部24において、反射光が生じ、2段目の二つの光分岐部24で生じた反射光がそれぞれ1段目の光分岐部24の第一の出力端子24a及び第二の出力端子24bを通じて1段目の光分岐部24の入力端子24cへ戻る。
ここで、1段目の光分岐部24の第一の出力端子24a及び第二の出力端子24bにそれぞれ接続される光導波路28の一方(図5では、第二の出力端子24bに接続される光導波路28)には、位相制御構造20として、光路長λ/4の光導波路が導入されている。
このように光分岐部24の二つの出力端子24a、24bに反位相の光が入射した場合、光は、互いに干渉して打ち消し合い、入力端子24cに結合することができなくなるので、2段目の光分岐部24で生じた反射光は戻り光に寄与しなくなる。したがって、位相制御構造20の導入によって、2段目の光分岐部24に起因する戻り光を完全に抑制することが可能となる。
以下で、本発明に従って位相制御構造20を導入することによって戻り光抑制効果を得ることができる様々なタイプの分岐光導波路18を説明する。
3段以上の多段分岐光導波路は、分岐光導波路を単純に縦続接続することによって実現することができる。図6に、位相制御構造を導入した4段分岐光導波路32(16分岐光導波路)を含む光源回路が示されている。3段以上の多段分岐光導波路32においても、上記で述べた2段分岐光導波路30と同様の原理によって、2段目以降の光分岐部24に起因する戻り光を完全に抑制することができる。
すなわち、従来の多段分岐光導波路では、戻り光の最悪値が、段数の2乗に比例して膨れ上がるという問題があったのに対して、位相制御構造20を導入した多段分岐光導波路18では、上述したように戻り光が段数に応じて増加することがない。したがって、位相制御構造20を多段分岐光導波路18に導入すれば、デバイス設計の際に、光分岐部24の段数を自由に選択できるようになる。
すなわち、多段分岐光導波路18でも、戻り光に対応するエネルギー反射率は1段目の光分岐部24の振幅反射率によって決まるようになり、1段目の光分岐部24の振幅反射率を小さくするだけで、戻り光を大幅に抑制することができる。
例えば、1段目に、振幅反射率が小さい光分岐部24を用い、2段目以降に、比較的振幅反射率が大きい光分岐部24を用いる構成が可能になる。この場合、振幅反射率を小さくする必要がある光分岐部24は1段目のみとなり、他は全て比較的振幅反射率が大きい光分岐部24とすることができる。また、光分岐部24は許容される振幅反射率が大きいほど、小型化が可能である。
したがって、位相制御構造20を導入すれば、2段目以降に、超小型光分岐部24を配置するといった構成も可能になり、戻り光の抑制を通じて、光源回路10の小型化にも寄与する。
光導波路28を伝搬する光は、構造が変化する箇所で反射する性質がある。このため、光導波路28と光デバイス22との接続箇所においても反射光が発生することがある。このように光デバイス22に起因する戻り光を抑制するために、図7に示すように、光デバイス22とその前段の光分岐部24との間に位相制御構造20を導入してもよい。
また、図5から図7に示す実施形態では、光分岐部24が2段以上縦続接続された多段分岐光導波路18、30、32を使用する場合を例示しているが、本発明は、図8に示すように、1段の分岐光導波路34、すなわち一つの光分岐部24のみを有する分岐光導波路34を使用する場合にも適用することができ、同様の効果が得られることはもちろんである。
ここで、2|L1-L2|に対応する位相量をθとおくと、θ=(2π/λ)×2|L1-L2|=π(1+2i)と表すことができる。すなわち、往復での光路差2|L1-L2|によって、位相が180°異なる反位相状態が形成されることになる。
図9は、多段分岐光導波路18の前段に方向性結合器36を組み合わせた光源回路を示す。一般に、方向性結合器36は、振幅反射率が小さいという特長を有する。よって、多段分岐光導波路18の前段に方向性結合器36を用いた場合、1段目の光分岐部の振幅反射率R1を小さくすることができるため、多段分岐光導波路に起因する戻り光を効果的に抑制することが可能である。
図13は、3分岐の光分岐部38を用いた多段分岐光導波路40の実施形態を示す。図13に示す多段光分岐光導波路40では、位相制御構造20が1段目の光分岐部38の第三の出力端子38dとこれに接続される2段目の光分岐部38の入力端子38aとの間に延びる光導波路28上に導入されており、導入されている位相制御構造20は、1段目の光分岐部38の第一の出力端子38bからこれに接続される光導波路28に沿って2段目の光分岐部38の入力端子38aまでの光路長L1と1段目の光分岐部38の第三の出力端子38dからこれに接続される光導波路28に沿って2段目の光分岐部38の入力端子38aまでの光路長L2との差の絶対値|L1-L2|が(1/4+i/2)λ(i=0、1、2、・・・)となるように制御する。
よって、1段目の第一の出力端子38b及び第三の出力端子38dに接続される2段目の光分岐部38で生じた反射光は戻り光に寄与しなくなる。したがって、本発明に従って位相制御構造20を導入すれば、3分岐の光分岐部38を用いた多段分岐光導波路40でも、戻り光を効果的に抑制することが可能である。
図15は、4分岐の光分岐部42を用いた分岐光導波路44の実施形態を示す。図15に示す分岐光導波路44では、第一の位相制御構造20-1が1段目の光分岐部42の第三の出力端子42dとこれに接続される2段目の光分岐部42の入力端子42aとの間に延びる光導波路28に導入されていると共に、第二の位相制御構造20-2が1段目の光分岐部42の第四の出力端子42eとこれに接続される2段目の光分岐部42の入力端子42aとの間に延びる光導波路28に導入されている。
同様に、1段目の4分岐の光分岐部42の第二の出力端子42cに入射した反射光と第三の出力端子42dに入射した反射光は、1段目の4分岐の光分岐部42の入力端子42aに結合することはできない。
よって、2段目の光分岐部42で生じた反射光は戻り光に寄与しなくなる。したがって、本発明に従って位相制御構造20-1、20-2を導入すれば、4分岐の光分岐部42を用いた分岐光導波路44でも、戻り光を効果的に抑制することが可能である。
さらに、本発明は、分岐数の異なる光分岐部を自由に組み合わせて構成した多段分岐光導波路に適用することも可能である。例えば、図16に示すように、4分岐の光分岐部42と2分岐の光分岐部38を組み合わせて構成した多段分岐光導波路46に位相制御構造20-1、20-2を導入することもできる。
このような場合でも、本発明を適用して位相制御構造20を導入することによって戻り光を抑制することが可能である。ただし、2本の光導波路28への出力光が1:1に近い割合で分配されるほど、戻り光は良好に抑制される。
次に、本願発明の特徴である位相制御構造20について、さらに詳細に説明する。
位相制御構造20は、前段の光分岐部の出力端子1から次段の光分岐部又は光デバイスまでの光路1の光路長L1と、前段の光分岐部の(出力端子1と対になる)出力端子2から次段の光分岐部又は光デバイスまでの光路2の光路長L2との差の絶対値|L1-L2|を、(1/4+i/2)λ(i=0、1、2、・・・)とするために導入される。
それに対し、図21では、光導波路の幅が徐々に変化するテーパー領域が、両方の光導波路に存在するので、光路差は単純に|ΔnΔL|と表される。図21の方法は、図20の方法に比べ、設計が容易であるという利点がある。
次に、本願発明の特徴である位相制御構造20の導入位置について述べる。図22に示すように、原理上は、位相制御構造20を、1段目の分岐部24と2段目の分岐部24の間に1箇所だけ導入すればよい。
第一の出力端子24aと第二の出力端子24bに戻ってくる光の位相を、位相制御構造20を用いて反位相とすることで、入力端子24cへの戻り光を抑制することができる。
また、位相制御構造20を、1段目の分岐部24と2段目の分岐部24の間に1箇所だけ導入する場合には、戻り光の抑制上、第一の出力端子24aと第二の出力端子24bに縦続接続される分岐部又は光デバイスの構成を同様にしておくことが望まれる。それに対し、位相制御構造20を、各分岐部24に対して導入する場合、各分岐部24で戻り光が局所的に抑制されているため、分岐部又は光デバイスの構成を、より自由度高く設計することが可能となる。
このような場合には、入力端子24cのマルチモード光導波路に、高次モードカットフィルターを導入すればよい。入力端子24cに接続される光導波路が、マルチモード光導波路であったとしても、高次モードカットフィルターを導入すれば、上記実施形態で説明した戻り光抑制効果を、同様に得ることができる。
本発明では、シングルモード光導波路に加えて、マルチモード光導波路を用いてもよい。
半導体レーザダイオードアレイの場合、複数個のレーザダイオードが一つのチップ上に形成されており、複数個のレーザダイオードを二つの電極(p型電極とn型電極)によって、一括して制御する。このため、戻り光によって、個々のレーザダイオードからの光出力のばらつきが生じると問題に対処することができない。
このように、半導体レーザダイオードアレイを用いた光源装置では、戻り光によって、光源装置の動作が不安定になりやすいという大きな問題点がある。
本発明は、半導体レーザダイオードアレイを用いた光源装置に対しても、適用することができ、半導体レーザダイオードアレイを用いた光源装置の安定動作を実現する手段を提供する。
例えば、図26に示すように、マイクロヒーター(熱光学効果)を導入することで、位相制御構造20に、動的に位相を制御する機構を導入することができる。
また、方向性結合器の代わりに、2×2多モード干渉導波路を用いてもよい。
例えば、図27に示すように、方向性結合器の第二の入力端子36bに、モニターとして受光器を導入することで、戻り光の状態を観察することができる。
図27では、モニターに加えて、マイクロヒーター(熱光学効果)による動的位相制御機構を、位相制御構造20’、位相制御構造20に導入している。モニターの観察値に応じて、動的に位相を制御することで、より精密に戻り光を抑制することができる。
12 デバイス基板
14 半導体レーザダイオード光源
18 分岐光導波路
20 位相制御構造
22 光デバイス
24 光分岐部
24a 第一の出力端子
24b 第二の出力端子
24c 入力端子
28 光導波路
30 2段分岐光導波路
32 4段分岐光導波路
34 1段分岐光導波路
36 方向性結合器
37 2×2多モード干渉導波路
38 光分岐部
40 多段分岐光導波路
42 光分岐部
44 分岐光導波路
46 多段分岐光導波路
Claims (15)
- 一つの入力側光導波路を少なくとも第一の出力側光導波路及び第二の出力側光導波路に分岐させる光分岐部が少なくとも一つ基板上に形成されており、半導体レーザ光源から入射された光を複数の光デバイスに伝送する光源回路であって、
光分岐部と該光分岐部から延びる前記第一の出力側光導波路に接続される次段の光分岐部又は光デバイスとの間の光導波路の光路長L1と、前記光分岐部と前記第二の出力側光導波路に接続される次段の光分岐部又は光デバイスとの間の光導波路の光路長L2とは、光路長L1と光路長L2との差の絶対値が、前記光源回路を伝搬する光の波長の(1/4+i/2)倍(iは、0又は正の整数)になるように選定されていることを特徴とする光源回路。 - 一つの入力側光導波路を少なくとも第一の出力側光導波路及び第二の出力側光導波路に分岐させる光分岐部が少なくとも一つ基板上に形成されており、半導体レーザ光源から入射された光を複数の光デバイスに伝送する光源回路であって、
光分岐部と該光分岐部から延びる前記第一の出力側光導波路に接続される次段の光分岐部又は光デバイスとの間の光導波路の光路長L1と、前記光分岐部と前記第二の出力側光導波路に接続される次段の光分岐部又は光デバイスとの間の光導波路の光路長L2とは、光路長L1と光路長L2との差の絶対値が、前記光源回路を伝搬する光の波長の(1/4+i/2)倍(iは、0又は正の整数)になるように光路長を制御するための位相制御構造を備えた光源回路。 - 前記位相制御構造は、光路長を動的に調整するための動的位相制御機構を含むことを特徴とする請求項2に記載の光源回路。
- 前記動的位相制御機構は、位相変調器である、請求項3に記載の光源回路。
- 前記動的位相制御機構は、マイクロヒーターである、請求項3に記載の光源回路。
- 複数段の光分岐部が前記基板上に形成されている、請求項1から請求項5の何れか一項に記載の光源回路。
- 一つの入力側光導波路を少なくとも第一の出力側光導波路、第二の出力側光導波路、第三の出力側光導波路及び第四の出力側光導波路としてこの順に分岐させる光分岐部が少なくとも一つ基板上に形成されており、半導体レーザ光源から入射された光を複数の光デバイスに伝送する光源回路であって、
前記光分岐部から次段の光分岐部又は光デバイスまで第一ないし第四の出力側光導波路が延びており、かつ第一及び第四の出力側光導波路と第二及び第三の出力側光導波路はそれぞれ対をなしており、前記光分岐部の各対の一方の出力側光導波路の光路長と前記光分岐部の各対の他方の出力側光導波路の光路長との差の絶対値が、前記光源回路を伝送される光の波長の(1/4+i/2)倍(iは、0又は正の整数)になるように選定されていることを特徴とする光源回路。 - 前記光分岐部は全ての出力側光導波路に均等に光を分配する、請求項1から請求項7の何れか一項に記載の光源回路。
- 前記光分岐部の前記入力側光導波路の前段に、方向性結合器又は2×2多モード干渉導波路が設けられている、請求項1から請求項8の何れか一項に記載の光源回路。
- 前記方向性結合器又は前記2×2多モード干渉導波路の第一の出力側光導波路から次段の光分岐部までの光路長LAと前記方向性結合器又は前記2×2多モード干渉導波路の第二の出力側光導波路から次段の光分岐部までの光路長LBとは、光路長LAと光路長LBの差の絶対値が、前記光源回路を伝送される光の波長のi/2倍(iは、0又は正の整数)になるように選定されていることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の光源回路。
- 前記方向性結合器又は前記2×2多モード干渉導波路の一方の入力側光導波路に、光モニターが接続されている、請求項9又は請求項10に記載の光源回路。
- 前記光分岐部は1×N多モード干渉導波路又は1×NY分岐光導波路(Nは2以上の正の整数)からなる、請求項1から請求項11の何れか一項に記載の光源回路。
- 前記基板はシリコン基板又はSOI基板である、請求項1から請求項12の何れか一項に記載の光源回路。
- 半導体レーザ光源と、該半導体レーザ光源と接続されている請求項1から請求項13の何れか一項に記載の光源回路とを備えたことを特徴とする光源装置。
- 前記半導体レーザ光源は、化合物半導体レーザダイオード又は化合物半導体レーザダイオードアレイからなる、請求項14に記載の光源装置。
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| WO2015005368A1 (ja) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-15 | 技術研究組合光電子融合基盤技術研究所 | 光回路 |
| JP2016191817A (ja) * | 2015-03-31 | 2016-11-10 | 日本電気株式会社 | 光集積回路、および光集積回路の制御方法 |
| WO2019054281A1 (ja) | 2017-09-15 | 2019-03-21 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 組成物、膜、積層体、赤外線透過フィルタ、固体撮像素子および赤外線センサ |
| WO2020059509A1 (ja) | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-26 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 硬化性組成物、硬化膜、赤外線透過フィルタ、積層体、固体撮像素子、センサ、及び、パターン形成方法 |
| WO2021039253A1 (ja) | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 組成物、膜、光学フィルタ及びその製造方法、固体撮像素子、赤外線センサ、並びに、センサモジュール |
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| WO2015005368A1 (ja) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-01-15 | 技術研究組合光電子融合基盤技術研究所 | 光回路 |
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| WO2019054281A1 (ja) | 2017-09-15 | 2019-03-21 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 組成物、膜、積層体、赤外線透過フィルタ、固体撮像素子および赤外線センサ |
| WO2020059509A1 (ja) | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-26 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 硬化性組成物、硬化膜、赤外線透過フィルタ、積層体、固体撮像素子、センサ、及び、パターン形成方法 |
| WO2021039253A1 (ja) | 2019-08-30 | 2021-03-04 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 組成物、膜、光学フィルタ及びその製造方法、固体撮像素子、赤外線センサ、並びに、センサモジュール |
| JP2023508155A (ja) * | 2019-12-23 | 2023-03-01 | コミサリア ア レネルジ アトミク エ オウ エネルジ アルタナティヴ | 統合制御装置を備えたフェーズドアレイアンテナ付き光電子トランスミッタ |
| JP7660126B2 (ja) | 2019-12-23 | 2025-04-10 | コミサリア ア レネルジ アトミク エ オウ エネルジ アルタナティヴ | 統合制御装置を備えたフェーズドアレイアンテナ付き光電子トランスミッタ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9151894B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 |
| US20150036964A1 (en) | 2015-02-05 |
| JPWO2013133099A1 (ja) | 2015-07-30 |
| JP6032765B2 (ja) | 2016-11-30 |
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