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WO1991006720A1 - Construction de logements en prefabrique dont chaque element est une piece - Google Patents

Construction de logements en prefabrique dont chaque element est une piece Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1991006720A1
WO1991006720A1 PCT/AU1990/000521 AU9000521W WO9106720A1 WO 1991006720 A1 WO1991006720 A1 WO 1991006720A1 AU 9000521 W AU9000521 W AU 9000521W WO 9106720 A1 WO9106720 A1 WO 9106720A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
building
units
panel
panels
unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU1990/000521
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Frederick C. Brooker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO1991006720A1 publication Critical patent/WO1991006720A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/34823—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of concrete

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the construction of partially prefabricated buildings and more particularly although not exclusively to the construction of partiallyprefabricated residential buildings.
  • prefabricated buildings The construction of prefabricated buildings is well known, and such buildings have been used in many situations including, relief housing, construction camps, and temporary housing. There is often, however, a consumer resistance to prefabricated housing as permanent dwellings since such housing generally has a temporary appearance, looks inexpensive, and can be generally aesthetically unattractive.
  • One type of prior art prefabricated housing comprises a substantially traditional timber or steel frame and traditional inner and outer linings which are used to prefabricate a transportably sized building.
  • This construction technique has proved useful for the erection of temporary transportable buildings such as school classrooms and construction and mining site accommodation. Construction is, however, more expensive than for buildings of equivalent quality built "in situ" because of the need for them to be able to withstand transportation stresses.
  • materials must be lightweight and flexible which preclude the use of bricks, masonry and other materials and finishes which buildings users prefer in permanent buildings. Thus these buildings are not suitable for use in permanent housing.
  • Another prior art method of producing prefabricated housing is to construct panels or floors, walls and ceilings which are transported to the site where the building is to be erected and at that location are joined together to form a building of the required configuration. These panels are generally relatively thick (at least 100mm) and heavy in order to withstand the stresses of transportation and erection.
  • the technique has some application in industrial buildings and some multi-storey buildings but otherwise is expensive compared to traditional techniques, is associated with certain functional problems such as condensation of moisture on the inner surface of the building and is usually of an appearance which is associated in the minds of building users with mass production and low quality.
  • a nother prior art method of producing prefabricated housing is to construct, using injection moulding techniques, a thin concrete shell to serve as walls and ceiling such that when added and fixed to a floor panel it forms a building unit designed to serve as one or more rooms.
  • the ceiling is dome shaped for strength.
  • the injection moulding equipment required for this method is expensive and difficult to use with the result that the method is capital intensive and the product expensive.
  • F urthermore the range of building unit sizes is limited by the range of injection mould sizes which results in inflexibility in building configuration. It is thought that building users are deterred by inflexibility of configuration and by the dome shaped ceilings which are associated with this method.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a building unit for constructing this type of building.
  • a yet further object of the invention is to provide a panel suitable for constructing a building unit of this type.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a method of constructing a building which does not suffer to the same extent from the disadvantages associated with the methods previously used for the construction of buildings.
  • a building comprising a plurality of rooms, each room being defined by a building unit, and each building unit having wall panels, a floor panel, and a ceiling panel, said
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET » building units each being separately formed and transportable as a unit, said building units being assembled together and the wall panels of adjacent units being spaced apart to define a cavity therebetween, at least one door opening and optionally a window opening being provided for each unit, and said units being aligned in a manner such that the door openings of at least some units are aligned with each other to provide a doorway linking those adjacent units.
  • the invention extends to a building unit suitable for forming a building and panels for forming building units.
  • the invention also extends to a method of forming a building.
  • Figure 1 shows a perspective view of a building unit suitable for forming a building according to the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic top plan view of a simple house comprised of two building units connected together;
  • Figure 3 shows a sectional view along line III-III as depicted in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 shows an enlargement of the area IV depicted in Figure 2.
  • Figure 5 shows an enlargement of the area V depicte d in Figure 2 of the drawings.
  • a building unit 1 comprising wall panels 2, a floor panel 3, and a ceiling panel 4.
  • the individual panels are connected together at the edges so that the building unit, because of its box-like shape, is inately strong and robust. Its strength and robustness ensures that it is able to withstand the rigors and stresses of being lifted onto and from a
  • SUBSTITUTE SHEET transportation vehicle and positioned at its ultimate site where it will form a part of a structurally sound building.
  • a door opening 7 is framed through one of the wall panels 2 and a window opening 8 is formed through another panel 2.
  • the panels 2, 3 and 4 will be moulded from a concrete material, as described in more detail herebelow. It is further envisaged that once the panels are assembled to form a building unit and before transportation to site the building unit will be fitted out with windows, services and building finishes (paint, tiles etc.).
  • FIG. 2 depicts a very simple building comprised of two building units 1 assembled together but it is to be understood that many different forms and designs of buildings can be constructed using building units and those building units may be of any suitable size and shape.
  • one of the building units 11 is relatively large and the other building unit 12 is relatively small.
  • the two building units are placed side by side on suitable foundations (not shown) such that a cavity 13 is formed therebetween. If necessary the two building units may be held together by brackets 14.
  • any suitable means may be used to hold the two building units together with their adjacent walls parallel and spaced apart and the brackets 14 depict only one of the various methods of connecting building units together.
  • the two side by side units share an interleading doorway 15 which is adapted to be closed by a door 16 which is mounted to the wall panel of unit 12 prior to transportation or which may be fitted after the units have been assembled together on site.
  • Each of the units has an external door 17 and an external window 18.
  • a roof structure depicted by dotted lines 19 will be erected over the interconnected building units to provide protection against the elements for the building units and also to cohesively link the building units together.
  • Any suitable roof structure 19 may be used including a pitched roof, a flat roof, or a monopitch roof.
  • the wall panels 2 are comprised of a reinforced concrete material.
  • Figure 3 depicts a preferred form of wall panel, that drawing showing two adjacent wall panels connected together at 90° to each other.
  • the wall panels 2 have a backing sheet 20 formed of reinforced concrete material and a facing sheet 21 formed of a plaster-board material such as gyprock.
  • the panel thickness will be approximately 40mm in total although panels of greater thickness, say up to 60mm or of lesser thickness say down to 30mm are also envisaged.
  • the reinforced concrete material is comprised of a small aggregate concrete which is reinforced with steel fibre reinforcement. Steel fibres of up to 2mm diameter and 50mm length may be used although for convenience it is envisaged that steel fibres of 1mm diameter and 20mm length will preferably be used.
  • any suitable fastening means may be used although the means depicted in Figure 3 wherein a bolt 23 screws into a nut 24 will be an effective and simple method of connecting together adjacent panels.
  • the nut 24 will be embedded within an edge region 25 of one of the panels and a bore 26 will be provided in the edge region 27 of an adjacent panel.
  • the bore 26 will be aligned with the nut 24 to enable the bolt 23 to be screwed into the nut 24 and thereby connect the two panels together.
  • the formation of the bore 26 and the embedding of the nut 24 will be preferably done during the moulding and forming of the panels.
  • a sealant or adhesive may be introduced to the joint immediately prior to bolting together to ensure air tightness and to enhance the strength of the joint.
  • the plaster-board material 21 which forms the facing sheet of the panel will be on the operatively inner surface of the building units 1.
  • Plasterboard material is suitable for an internal wall facing since it is easily repairable, and is a material which home users are comfortable with. If necessary the join between adjacent plaster-board sheets can be filled with a suitable filler material as indicated by dotted lines 28.
  • a building is constructed b y connecting together a plurality of building units 1 as depicted in simplified form in Figure 2 of the drawings. When two building units are together, adjacent wall panels 2 will be parallel with each other and side by side with a cavity 1 3 therebetween. Figure 4 depicts this cavity and the side by si d e relationship of the walls in more detail.
  • the cavity 13 is preferably approximately 60mm wide which is wide enough to accommodate most services which are required for the rooms of the building in that cavity.
  • a waterpipe 3 0 is supported within the cavity 13 on a bracket 31 which is affixed to one of the panels 2 by means of a fastener 32.
  • the waterpipe passes through a b ore 33 formed throug h t h e panel 2 and the pipe thereafter exten d s past the inner face 34 of the panel 2.
  • Other services may be l ocated in the cavity 13 in like manner.
  • the services conduits will be mounted on their respective walls prior to the two building units 1 being moved into side by side positions and t h us, after the building units 1 have been connected together the already in place service conduits can be connected to their respective services with little difficulty.
  • the cavity 13 between the two panels ensures that there is thermal an d noise insulation between the two panels thereby improving the quality of accommodation afforded by the building.
  • a cladding material be connected to the outside of the building.
  • the outer panels 2 of the respective building units will be used to support the cladding.
  • Various different methods can b e used
  • a frame 36 is secured to the panel 2 by means of a fastener 37.
  • This frame 36 may comprise a series of timber frame elements 38 which are vertically aligned and spaced around the exterior surface of the building.
  • the outer cladding 39 which may conveniently comprise a weatherboard or the like will be affixed to the frame elements 38 by means of nails 40 or other suitable fasteners.
  • An air gap 41 is thereby defined between the cladding 39 and the panel 2 and this air gap 41 will serve to thermally insulate the building.
  • bricks may be used, laid on a separate foundation and tied to the building unit wall panel for stability.
  • any available form may be used to form the floor panel 3 and the ceiling panel 4. It is envisaged that a waffle slab form will be used to maximise structural performance while minimising weight.
  • the floor panel there will be no plaster-board incorporated into the panel.
  • the surface of the panel presented as the floor will be a smooth, flat off-form concrete finish suitable for receiving floor finishes (tiles, carpet, etc.).
  • plaster-board will be incorporated, as for the walls so that a plaster-board surface is presented as the ceiling finish.
  • the floor and ceiling panels will have sufficient stiffness such that they will form sound structural elements which do not exhibit undue deflection when subjected to live loads. It is envisaged that floor and ceiling panels will incorporate openings where necessary for stairways, manholes and skylights etc. It is not essential that the wall panels or the ceiling and floor panels have a constant thickness throughout their length. In some applications, for example, it may be preferable to form those parts of each panel which are subject to low stresses of a thinner cross sectional form to thereby decrease the amount of material used for the overall panel and also decrease the weight of the panel thereby constructed.
  • the overall structure can be made to have the appearance of a standard building.
  • the wall panels have a thickness of approximately 40mm and where two buildings units are placed side by side a gap of approximately 60mm is preferably formed therebetween.
  • the overall wall thickness for internal walls being approximately 140mm which is substantially the same as conventional buildings.
  • the outer surface when covered with a cladding will have the advantages of cavity walls and will also have a wall thickness which is similar to walls constructed using conventional techniques.
  • the inner surface of the panels has a plaster-board finish the interior surfaces will have the appearance of conventional walls.
  • the method described herein is suitable for production based on a limited number of standard forms to produce low-cost housing in high volume. Additionally it is adaptable, without significant cost penalty, to the production of one-off individually adapted residences wherein each building unit is different in size and shape to the others.
  • the only limitations in the variety in size and shape of buildings units are those imposed by the need for them to be transportable and, even then, most such limitations can be overcome by segmenting rooms, that is by using two building units each with an open side to make up one room.
  • the method is further adaptable for use in multi level construction whether of the low-rise medium density kind or of the high rise, high density kind. It is envisaged that in the multi storey application the ceiling and floor panels of adjacent units will be structurally linked to achieve optimum structural performance while minimising weight and material usage. Any suitable structural linking can be used including providing reinforcing ties which join the ceiling and floor panels of the vertically adjacent units so that the joined ceiling and floor panels act as a composite structural element of increased strength. It is further envisaged that, where required, additional structural framing will be provided by either introducing additional elements or by thickening wall panels in specific locations or by selective filling of cavities with reinforced concrete.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention se rapporte à une construction démontable composée de plusieurs pièces, dont chacune est définie par une unité de construction séparée (11, 12) qui est fabriquée individuellement et qui est transportable individuellement. Les unités de construction (11, 12) sont assemblées sur place pour former la construction composite. Une cavité (13) est ménagée entre des unités de construction adjacentes (11, 12) et les branchements nécessaires (30) peuvent passer dans ces cavités (13). Des ouvertures (7, 8) pour les portes et les fenêtres sont prévues dans les unités de construction individuelles (11, 12) selon les besoins. Les unités de construction (11, 12) sont formées à partir de panneaux de parois (2), d'un panneau de plancher (3) et d'un panneau de plafond (4). Ces panneaux sont fabriqués en béton armé recouvert de panneaux stratifiés en plaques de plâtre.
PCT/AU1990/000521 1989-10-27 1990-10-29 Construction de logements en prefabrique dont chaque element est une piece Ceased WO1991006720A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AUPJ711889 1989-10-27
AUPJ7118 1989-10-27

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1991006720A1 true WO1991006720A1 (fr) 1991-05-16

Family

ID=3774315

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU1990/000521 Ceased WO1991006720A1 (fr) 1989-10-27 1990-10-29 Construction de logements en prefabrique dont chaque element est une piece

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO1991006720A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2697553A1 (fr) * 1992-10-30 1994-05-06 Bouygues Sa Cellule d'habitation, procédé pour construire des bâtiments et bâtiments obtenus.
EP0717158A3 (fr) * 1994-12-16 1997-05-14 Gewie Technologietransfer Gmbh Système de volumes constructifs pour l'édification de bâtiments
AT500597A1 (de) * 2003-03-06 2006-02-15 Weirer Wolfgang Bauwerksmodul
WO2011085449A1 (fr) * 2010-01-18 2011-07-21 Quickform Homes Australia Pty Ltd Système de bâtiment préfabriqué
CN108343278A (zh) * 2017-01-24 2018-07-31 新疆七星建设科技股份有限公司 一种一体化预制机房
EP4368788A1 (fr) * 2022-11-08 2024-05-15 TCC Energy Storage Technology Corporation Unité d'armoire et système d'armoire

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1083552A (en) * 1963-08-24 1967-09-13 Torben Poulsen Building structure with room units
US3721052A (en) * 1970-05-04 1973-03-20 Houilleres Bassin Du Nord Multi-storey building comprising unit compartments
GB1314948A (en) * 1970-04-09 1973-04-26 Etufitec Ets Building made of prefabricated elements and method of erection thereof
US3866672A (en) * 1971-07-16 1975-02-18 F D Rich Housing Corp Building
US4107886A (en) * 1974-03-25 1978-08-22 Systems Concept, Inc. Prefabricated building module
GB1564721A (en) * 1977-01-11 1980-04-10 Stow D A Framed building modules and multi-storey building structures
US4284447A (en) * 1976-02-20 1981-08-18 Dickens Luther I Method of manufacturing a composite panel
GB2136031A (en) * 1983-02-28 1984-09-12 Radva Plastics Corp Building panel structure
US4485598A (en) * 1979-02-05 1984-12-04 Eustachio Guardiani Prefabricated elements and rooms for the quick construction of buildings and building works in general
JPH01226951A (ja) * 1988-03-07 1989-09-11 France Bed Co Ltd 簡易型ハウス

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1083552A (en) * 1963-08-24 1967-09-13 Torben Poulsen Building structure with room units
GB1314948A (en) * 1970-04-09 1973-04-26 Etufitec Ets Building made of prefabricated elements and method of erection thereof
US3721052A (en) * 1970-05-04 1973-03-20 Houilleres Bassin Du Nord Multi-storey building comprising unit compartments
US3866672A (en) * 1971-07-16 1975-02-18 F D Rich Housing Corp Building
US4107886A (en) * 1974-03-25 1978-08-22 Systems Concept, Inc. Prefabricated building module
US4284447A (en) * 1976-02-20 1981-08-18 Dickens Luther I Method of manufacturing a composite panel
GB1564721A (en) * 1977-01-11 1980-04-10 Stow D A Framed building modules and multi-storey building structures
US4485598A (en) * 1979-02-05 1984-12-04 Eustachio Guardiani Prefabricated elements and rooms for the quick construction of buildings and building works in general
GB2136031A (en) * 1983-02-28 1984-09-12 Radva Plastics Corp Building panel structure
JPH01226951A (ja) * 1988-03-07 1989-09-11 France Bed Co Ltd 簡易型ハウス

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, M 903, page 109; & JP,A,1 226 951 (FRANCE BED CO. LTD), 11 September 1989. *

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2697553A1 (fr) * 1992-10-30 1994-05-06 Bouygues Sa Cellule d'habitation, procédé pour construire des bâtiments et bâtiments obtenus.
EP0717158A3 (fr) * 1994-12-16 1997-05-14 Gewie Technologietransfer Gmbh Système de volumes constructifs pour l'édification de bâtiments
AT500597A1 (de) * 2003-03-06 2006-02-15 Weirer Wolfgang Bauwerksmodul
WO2011085449A1 (fr) * 2010-01-18 2011-07-21 Quickform Homes Australia Pty Ltd Système de bâtiment préfabriqué
CN108343278A (zh) * 2017-01-24 2018-07-31 新疆七星建设科技股份有限公司 一种一体化预制机房
EP4368788A1 (fr) * 2022-11-08 2024-05-15 TCC Energy Storage Technology Corporation Unité d'armoire et système d'armoire

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