US1767345A - Detergent - Google Patents

Description

Patented June 24, 1930 UNITED STATES. PATIENT OFFICE- ."BENJ'AMIN F. CARVER, OF BAYONNE, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR '10 STANDARD OIL DEVELOPMENT COIMIPANY, A. CORPORATION OF DELAWARE DETERGENT mi Drawing.

This invention relates to detergents and will be fully understood from the following description Where mineral oils are treated with fuming or concentrated sulphuric acid, that is, with acid of a strength greater than, or at least equal to, the strength of an acid having a specific gravity of 66 B. and an acid content of approximately 93.5% by weight, there results ordinarily a formation of sulphonic compounds which separate from the oil as sludge. These compounds, more especially their alkali metal salts, for example sodium sulphonate, have very active detergent properties. For finer uses, particularly for hand and face soaps, etc., where bars or molded forms are desired, these sulphonic compound are too soft and sticky, and are somewhat deficient in spreading qualities. I have found that by suitable preparation, there may be obtained from such products, detergents of very eflt'ective properties superior for finer usage.

In proceeding in accordance with this invention, I admix with a sulphonic compound derived from mineral oil sludge, certain modifying materials having utility in the detergent field. Among such materials are notably saponaceous compounds made from fats and oils, also from resins, also such materials as sodium silicate and various other substances of the character of What may for convenience be termed fillers. Among these latter for instance, are medicinal and antiseptic substances, for example pine tar, phenol, etc., also various inert substances such as finely powdered scouring materials on the order of pulverized silica or silicates, etc. Perfuming ingredients and coloring materials may of course also be added, where desired.

In particular, the fatty acid radicals characteristic of cocoanut oil are of value for blending as a saponaceous constituent with the sulphonic compounds described. Such cocoanut oil constituents may be added as such, or preferably in the form of the oil or in the form of'a soap made from the oil. For example, a desirable procedure is to mix up cocoanut oil about 40-50%, with about 50 of sulphonic compounds either as the sodium salt, i. e., sodium sulphonate or as the Application filed May 21,- 1923. Serial No. 640,550.

' added with thorough stirring and the cocoanut oil in the mixture is saponified. Where the cocoanut oil is added to a sulphonic acid,

suflicient caustic soda is required to react upon the fatty acids of the oil and the sulphonic acid both.

In place of the cocoanut oil, Various other oils or fats may be used. The proportion of oil or fat used will vary quite widely, depending upon the particular product in View. Generally speaking, about 20-80% is desirable, although these are not fixed limits. Instead of adding the soap-forming materials, preformed soaps of fatty character may be added as such to the sulphonic compounds, if preferred. In a soap comprising as aforementioned, sodium' salts of fatty acids (preferably from cocoanut oil) and sodium sulphonate in about equal parts, I may also incorporate about 550% of finely ground silica and a perfume ingredient if desired, for the preparation of a hand soap especially effective for removing grease and oils of mineral base.

Although the sodium soaps are most ordinarily desired, in cases where preferred, the potassium or ammonium soaps may be prepared. Ordinarily a sodium base, however, is advantageous over the other alkaline bases by reason of its cheapness and also from the fact that products having a desirable degree of solidity and firmness for the production of cakes and molded forms may be obtained.

Along the line of pasty or liquid saponaceous products the sulphonic compounds may be admixed with suitable ingredients to form very effective detergent agents for cleaning automobiles, oily machinery and other objects where oils of mineral base are to be removed. Products of this character may be readily made by admixing with the sulphonic compounds, particularly sodium sulphonate, saponaceous materials of the usual sodiumfatty acid character. For example, a useful soft soap may be made from sodium sulphonate about 25% (figured as anhydrous), cottonseed oil 25%, and water 50%. In a similar manner a desirable soap for use on finely finished surfaces, automobiles, etc., may be made up using linseed oil.

In some cases I contemplate modifying the sulphonic compounds by admixture of a filler without a fatty acid compound; and in the claims hereinafter, the expressions diluent or modifying agent are intended to designate any of the materials described, whether of a saponaceous character or of a character referred to as fillers.

What I claim is:

1. A detergent comprising about equal parts by weight of a sodium sulphonate derived from sludges of mineral oils treated by concentrated suphuric acid, and of a sodium compound of the acid radicals of cocoanut oil.

2. A detergent comprising about 25% by Weight of an alkali-metal sulphonate derived from sludge of mineral oils treated by concentrated sulphuric acid, about 25% of cocoanut oil soap and about 50% water.

BENJAMIN F. CARVER.