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TW201815598A - 工作車輛及用於操作一工作車輛之方法 - Google Patents

工作車輛及用於操作一工作車輛之方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
TW201815598A
TW201815598A TW106131496A TW106131496A TW201815598A TW 201815598 A TW201815598 A TW 201815598A TW 106131496 A TW106131496 A TW 106131496A TW 106131496 A TW106131496 A TW 106131496A TW 201815598 A TW201815598 A TW 201815598A
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TW
Taiwan
Prior art keywords
work vehicle
power unit
electric motor
unit
power
Prior art date
Application number
TW106131496A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
安東 科路克薩里茲
艾力斯山德 羅納曲爾
史提芬 勞仁
艾得姆得 潘茲
Original Assignee
奧地利商羅森堡國際股份公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 奧地利商羅森堡國際股份公司 filed Critical 奧地利商羅森堡國際股份公司
Publication of TW201815598A publication Critical patent/TW201815598A/zh

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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/02—Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units comprising more than one electric motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/46—Series type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B60L1/003—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to auxiliary motors, e.g. for pumps, compressors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L1/006—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles to power outlets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/10—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines
    • B60L50/15—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by engine-driven generators, e.g. generators driven by combustion engines with additional electric power supply
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
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Abstract

本發明係關於一種工作車輛(1)，特定言之，一種消防車，其包括： 一車身(2)； 至少兩個車輪對(3)，其等各具有至少兩個車輪(6)，該等對配置於該車身(2)上； 一電池(10)，其用於儲存電力； 一二次電力單元(7)，其用於將限於為一燃料之能量轉換成電力； 至少一電動馬達(11)。 該二次電力單元(7)配置於一支撐結構(14)上，該支撐結構(14)依模組化方式且可拆卸地容納於該車身(2)上。

Description

工作車輛及用於操作一工作車輛之方法
本發明係關於一種工作車輛，特定言之，一種消防車。
自WO 2014/043734 A2知道具有至少一驅動源、經由一供電系統彼此連接之複數個電壓源及一控制裝置之一消防車或救援車或特殊用途車之一電壓供應及驅動系統。電壓源之至少一者由一電池形成。鑑於電壓源之至少一者及/或驅動源之至少一者之至少一發射值，控制裝置經設計以連接及斷接一或多個電壓源及/或一或多個驅動源。因此，併入於消防車及救援車或特殊用途車之電壓供應及驅動系統中之電壓源及/或驅動源可經組合操作使得可達成一最小總發射值。
本發明之一目的係可取得一種具有改良驅動系統之改良工作車輛。 此目的由如技術方案之裝置及方法達成。 根據本發明，形成一種工作車輛，特定言之，一種消防車。該工作車輛包括： 一車身； 至少兩個車輪對，其等各具有至少兩個車輪，該等對配置於該車身上； 一一次電力單元，特定言之，一電池，其用於儲存電力； 一二次電力單元，其用於將限於為一燃料之能量轉換成電力； 至少一電動馬達。 該二次電力單元配置於一支撐結構上，該支撐結構依模組化方式且可拆卸地容納於該車身上。 根據本發明之工作車輛之設計之優點係：歸因於該支撐結構之模組化構造及該二次電力單元在該支撐結構上之配置，可使該工作車輛更容易維護。特定言之，可使該支撐結構連同該二次電力單元一起脫離該工作車輛以使該單元易於實施大修。此外，(例如)為了維護或修理，該二次電力單元連同該支撐結構可易於由具有另一二次電力單元之另一支撐結構替換。因此，若該二次電力單元失效，則該工作車輛僅在更換二次電力單元之短時間內不可用。因此，與習知構造之一工作車輛相比，可縮短操作準備之時間。此在非常偏遠地區中係尤其有利的，其中由於可更容易地將移除二次電力單元(例如)遠距離運輸至一車間中，所以該工作車輛將必須現場修理。 此外，該二次電力單元呈一電化電池之形式可為有利的。其優點係：在電化電池中，儲存於燃料中之能量可在一化學反應中直接轉換成電力。 作為一替代方案，可使該二次電力單元呈一內燃機，特定言之，一柴油機，之形式，該內燃機與一發電機耦合。此之優點係：具有穩固構造且亦可具有高效率之一柴油機可用作一二次電力單元。此內燃機可與用於產生電流之一發電機轉矩耦合，其中將內燃機之一輸出軸之旋轉運動傳輸至發電機。 此外，可使至少一用電單元，特定言之，工作設備(諸如一泵)，配置於該工作車輛上，其中視需要藉由插入齒輪裝置來將該至少一用電單元與該二次電力單元轉矩耦合。此之優點係：該用電單元可由該二次電力單元(例如該內燃機)驅動。在此情況中，可設想將該發電機插入於該二次電力單元與該用電單元之間，該發電機可視需要具有與該用電單元耦合之一連續軸。 此外，可使一第一接合及脫離離合器插入於該內燃機與該發電機之間。此之優點係：歸因於此措施，可斷接該內燃機與該發電機之間的機械轉矩耦合。 根據可使一第二接合及脫離離合器插入於該發電機與該至少一用電單元(特定言之，泵)之間的一表現亦係有利的。此之優點係：歸因於此措施，可斷接該用電單元與該發電機之間的轉矩連接。因此，該發電機可由該內燃機驅動且無需該用電單元與其同時操作。 根據一發展，當關閉該內燃機時，該發電機能夠視操作需要用作一電動馬達且因此用於驅動該用電單元，其中該發電機與該內燃機之間的該第一接合及脫離離合器係解耦的或其中一自由輪配置於該發電機與該內燃機之間。此之優點係：歸因於此措施，該用電單元可僅藉由該發電機之驅動力來操作且因此無需同時操作該內燃機。因此，該用電單元可依一環保方式或依一低雜訊方式操作。由於使用該發電機且將其用作一電動馬達，所以可節省額外需要之驅動器且因此可節約成本。 此外，該一次電力單元及該二次電力單元可藉由控制電子器件來加成連接使得該電動馬達可被同時供應該一次電力單元之輸出及該二次電力單元之輸出可為有利的。此之優點係：歸因於此措施，該電動馬達可被供應額外電力。此可在(例如)需要在所謂之一電力模式中自該電動馬達獲取一儘可能高之輸出時為必要的，例如，在機場事故搶救車加速時。 此外，可使該至少一用電單元，特定言之，泵，亦配置於該支撐結構上。此之優點係：機械地耦合在一起之該用電單元及該二次電力單元之組件可共同脫離該工作車輛以能夠儘可能不費力地自該工作車輛移除該支撐結構及其上所容納之組件。 此外，可使該二次電力單元配置於該支撐結構上之該至少一用電單元上方。此之優點係：藉此使地面上之操作人員儘可能簡單地接取該用電單元且因此可藉由此措施來提高操作舒適度。 根據一特定表現，該二次電力單元及該至少一用電單元可藉由一斜齒輪來耦合在一起。此之優點係：此類型之一斜齒輪可具有一儘可能穩固構造且因此非常適合用於傳輸該二次電力單元與該用電單元之間的轉矩。此外，可藉由該斜齒輪來將轉矩自一水平馬達軸傳輸至該用電單元之一垂直驅動軸。 根據一有利發展，可使該支撐結構配置於該後輪對之區域中且該後輪對上方。因此，該支撐結構可依一儘可能節省空間之方式容納於該工作車輛上，其中該等個別單元儘可能易接取地配置於該支撐結構上。此外，歸因於此措施，該工作車輛之重心分佈可經儘可能有益地組態以達成穩定抓地能力。 特定言之，該支撐結構具有一吊眼可為有利的，可藉由該吊眼來自該車身提起該支撐結構。因此，該支撐結構具有一固定接納點，其可儘可能避免該支撐結構在一不適合位置處連接至一提升裝置。 此外，可使該電動馬達設計為該等車輪之至少一者之一驅動馬達。此之優點係：該工作車輛可由一電動馬達驅動且因此可使用該二次電力單元及/或該一次電力單元中所提供之電力來驅動該工作車輛。 此外，可使該等車輪對之至少一者之車輪藉由一差動器來轉矩耦合在一起且使作為兩個車輪之中央驅動器之該電動馬達與該差動器耦合。此之優點係：一中央電動馬達可用於驅動該車輪對且可歸因於該差動器而發生自該電動馬達傳輸至車輪之轉矩之平衡。此外，與(例如)使用兩輪轂馬達相比，此類型之一構造可實現節省。此外，根據本發明所構造之一驅動系統之重心分佈好於使用輪轂馬達時之重心分佈。 根據可使該電動馬達藉由齒輪裝置來與該差動器耦合且使用於驅動另外單元之一二次輸出形成於該齒輪裝置上(其中該差動器及/或二次輸出能夠視需要由該電動馬達藉由該齒輪裝置來驅動)之一表現亦係有利的。因此，可節省用於驅動另外單元之一單獨驅動器之成本。特定言之，在此情況中，可使該二次輸出及該差動器由該電動馬達同時驅動。 在另一變體組態中，亦可使該齒輪裝置能夠依使得該二次輸出及/或該差動器可由該電動馬達選擇性地驅動之一方式被選擇。 此外，可形成一電力輸入介面，可藉由該電力輸入介面來自一外部供電裝置(諸如另一工作車輛)汲取電力。因此，若該等電源之一者失效或該等電源產生太少電力，則該工作車輛仍可達到其期望目的且保持移動。 此外，可形成一電力輸出介面，可藉由該電力輸出介面來將電力供應至一外部電力汲取源(諸如另一工作車輛)。因此，可使過剩電力用於另一工作車輛且因此可幫助增加該工作車輛之失效保險且儘可能避免中斷該工作車輛之操作。 根據一發展，可使一第二電動馬達與該差動器耦合，該第二電動馬達依模組化方式與該第一電動馬達協作。此之優點係：例如，在一第一組態中，僅可使用一個電動馬達且此類型之一工作車輛因此具有一較低驅動力，而在一第二組態中，僅藉由略微重新設計步驟，兩個電動馬達可共同用於驅動該工作車輛且該工作車輛因此具有一較高驅動力。 根據本發明，提供用於操作一工作車輛之另一方法。在一電力模式中，由該二次電力單元產生之電力及儲存於該一次電力單元中之電力用於驅動該電動馬達。 此之優點係：因此使增加電量用於該電動馬達。此可在該工作車輛必須(例如)在一儘可能短時間內加速至高速(如在機場操作時之情況)時尤其有利。
藉由介紹，應記錄，在不同描述之實施例中，相同部件具有相同元件符號或相同組件標識，藉此整個描述中所含之揭露內容可類比地轉移至具有相同元件符號或相同組件標識之相同部件。此外，描述中所選擇之位置指示(諸如上方、下方、側向等等)與直接描述及繪示之圖相關，且若位置發生改變，則此等位置指示將類比地轉移至新位置。 圖1繪示一工作車輛1之一示意側視圖。 工作車輛1可用於各種期望目的，特定言之，用作一救火車、市政車、特殊用途車或運輸車。 在一變體實施例中，可使工作車輛1設計為一機場事故搶救車。 在另一變體實施例中，可使工作車輛1包括一轉台雲梯。 在又一變體實施例中，可使工作車輛1形成為一升降平台。 至少兩個車輪對3，特定言之，至少一前輪對4及至少一後輪對5，固持或安裝於一車身2上。各車輪對3具有至少兩個車輪6。替代地，亦可使用雙式車輪來取代單式車輪。為清楚起見，圖中未繪示一驅動單元或其他單元或組件。 工作車輛1之車身2可設計為一自支撐車身或替代地設計為一非自支撐車身。此被理解為意謂經設計以尤其承載個別車輪對3、驅動元件及諸多其他組件之任何結構。特定言之，可使車身2包括一芯管。芯管可在縱向方向上相對於車身2居中延伸。此外，可使車身部件配置於此芯管上。 在此處所展示之實施例之實例中，繪示作為一消防車之一工作車輛之一可行形式。可在車身2上提供各種接納室及/或接納箱以因此能夠依一有序方式承載設備之項目、工具及操作所需之更多物品。此外，工作車輛1之驅動單元及/或額外單元可配置於車身2上。 特定言之，可使工作車輛1具有經設計以將限於為一燃料之能量轉換成電力之一二次電力單元7。二次電力單元7可(例如)呈與一發電機9轉矩耦合之一燃燒供電引擎，特定言之，一內燃機8，之形式。可在內燃機8中燃燒一液體或氣體燃料，且因此將限於為燃料中之能量供應至發電機9且在發電機內將其轉換成電力。 較佳地，使用柴油作為用於一工作車輛1中之燃料，在此情況中，內燃機8指稱一柴油機。特定言之，使發電機9與內燃機8之一輸出軸轉矩耦合。 在另一變體實施例中，內燃機8亦可使用(例如)汽油、甲烷、氫氣、乙醇或其他燃料來操作。 在一較佳變體實施例中，內燃機8經設計為一活塞發動機或(例如)呈一旋轉活塞發動機，特定言之，一汪克爾(Wankel)發動機，之形式。然而，在進一步變體實施例中，亦可使燃燒供電引擎呈(例如)一渦輪機之形式。 此外，亦可使二次電力單元7依使得電力可藉由其他化學反應自燃料獲得之一方式形成。此類型之一二次電力單元7可呈(例如)一電化電池(諸如一燃料電池或一流液電池)之形式。此外，亦可使二次電力單元7呈(例如)用於將太陽能轉換成電力之一光伏打電池之形式。 此外，工作車輛1包括經設計以儲存電力之一一次電力單元10，特定言之，一電池。例如，可提供各種鋰電池、鈉電池、鎳電池及鉛電池或其他類型的電池。此外，亦可使(例如)一電容器設計為一次電力單元10。 此外，提供將電力轉換回機械能，特定言之，轉換成電動馬達之一驅動軸之一旋轉運動，且用於驅動一用電裝置之一電動馬達11。特定言之，可使電動馬達11設計為用於驅動工作車輛1之一驅動馬達。下文，特定言之，圖2中，將更詳細地描述驅動單元之精確構造。 可(例如)由發電機9對一次電力單元10充電。此外，亦可藉由恢復電動馬達11中之制動能來對一次電力單元10充電。 二次電力單元7及一次電力單元10可配置於工作車輛1之內部區域中。因此，消防員可易於觸及之工作車輛1之外部區域裝備有可在操作期間容易接取之單元。 此外，形成用於在二次電力單元7、一次電力單元10及電動馬達11之間傳輸電力之一供電系統12。此外，提供可藉由其來控制及監測供電系統中之電力流量的控制電子器件13。 特定言之，其中二次電力單元7、一次電力單元10及電動馬達11依不同方式協作之各種操作模式可由控制電子器件13實現。 例如，可使二次電力單元7在一特定時間根據電動馬達11或另外用電裝置之需求來精確供應電力。因此，既無電力饋入一次電力單元10中，也無電力自其流出。 此外，亦可使二次電力單元7供應比電動馬達11或另外用電裝置之需求多之電力，且使此過剩電力暫時儲存於一次電力單元10中。 在又一操作模式中，電動馬達11或另外用電裝置亦可需要比二次電力單元7可提供之電力多之電力，且使此額外電力自一次電力單元10供應。 在又一操作模式中，亦可使電動馬達11及另一用電裝置不需要電力，且使二次電力單元7中所產生之電力暫時儲存於一次電力單元10中。 在又一操作模式中，亦可不啟用二次電力單元7，且完全自一次電力單元10汲取電動馬達11或另外用電單元所需之電力。 特定言之，歸因於所描述之控制電子器件13之組態，(例如)二次電力單元7可在一電力範圍內高效操作且由一次電力單元10調和不同供電需求。 特定言之，就多功能工作車輛1而言，可形成達成不同目的之複數個不同用電單元。此等用電單元可為(例如)各種水泵、液壓單元或(替代地)發電機。 此外，可使一支撐結構14配置於工作車輛1上，在該結構中配置二次電力單元7。可藉由支撐結構14來使二次電力單元7依簡單方式脫離工作車輛1。為此，可形成配置於支撐結構14上之至少一吊眼15。 此外，可使用緊固構件16，特定言之，使用螺釘，來使支撐結構14與車身2耦合。各種撐桿17可形成於支撐結構14中，可在該等撐桿上配置容納於支撐結構14中之個別元件及單元。 當將內燃機8用作一二次電力單元7時，可使(例如)內燃機8及發電機9兩者容納於支撐結構14上。 此外，可使一第一接合及脫離離合器18形成於內燃機8與發電機9之間，該離合器用於斷接或產生機械連接，特定言之，內燃機8與發電機9之間的轉矩連接。 此外，一齒輪裝置配置可形成於內燃機8與發電機9之間。 此外，工作車輛1可具有亦可與內燃機8或發電機9耦合之一用電單元19。特定言之，可使用電單元19呈(例如)可用於泵送消防水之一泵之形式。 用電單元19亦可容納於支撐結構14上。特定言之，可使用電單元19配置於內燃機8下方之一平面上。換言之，內燃機8可定位成高於用電單元19。 此外，可使齒輪裝置20配置於用電單元19與發電機9之間以能夠達成用電單元19處之所需速度或所需轉矩。 此外，可使一斜齒輪21形成於用電單元19與發電機9之間。斜齒輪21可用於將機械能，特定言之，旋轉運動，自發電機9傳輸至用電單元19。 此外，可使一第二接合及脫離離合器22配置於發電機9與用電單元19之間，可藉由該離合器來中斷此等兩個組件之間的轉矩傳輸。特定言之，可使接合及脫離離合器22與斜齒輪21形成於一共同外殼中。斜齒輪21亦可緊固至支撐結構14。 此外，作為第一接合及脫離離合器18之一替代或除第一接合及脫離離合器18之外，一自由輪23可形成於內燃機8與發電機9之間。自由輪23意謂：在操作內燃機8之後，發電機9由內燃機8驅動。然而，若發電機9用作一電動馬達且驅動用電單元19，則可關閉內燃機8。 藉由驅動軸24來將諸如內燃機8、發電機9及用電單元19之個別組件耦合在一起。 除已描述之組件之外，亦可使工作車輛1之另外附加部件或組件配置於支撐結構14上。較佳地，支撐結構14依模組化方式與車身2耦合，使得其可依簡單方式自工作車輛1移除以用於維護或修理。 此外，可使一或多個插入連接形成於供電系統12中，藉由該等連接，可在卸除支撐結構14時簡單地拔除安裝於支撐結構14中之電單元(諸如發電機9)。 特定言之，可使支撐結構14能夠僅藉由拆卸緊固構件16且斷接供電系統12來脫離工作車輛1。在此情況中，可使配置於支撐結構14上之組件連同支撐結構14一起脫離工作車輛1。 在此操作之後，可在工作車輛1外維護或修理支撐結構14或其附接組件。 例如，圖2中繪示用於驅動工作車輛1之車輪對3之一俯視圖。在一第一實施例中，可使僅一個從動車輪對3安裝於工作車輛1上。此外，亦可使工作車輛1之複數個或所有車輪對3具有一驅動功能。總言之，至少兩個車輪對3安裝於工作車輛1中。 車輪對3之車輪6亦可視情況體現為可操縱的。 此外，車輪對3之車輪6與車身2耦合，為清楚起見，圖中僅示意性地繪示車身2。 在一第一變體實施例中，可使車輪6藉由一獨立車輪懸架來與車身2耦合。 在另一變體實施例中，亦可使車輪6配置於容納於車身2上之一共同軸上。 此外，可形成一電力輸入介面31，可藉由該電力輸入介面來自諸如另一工作車輛之一外部供電裝置汲取電力。此類型之一外部供電裝置亦可為(例如)一行動電力供應器，諸如具有發電機或一電化電池之一燃燒供電引擎。 此外，可形成一電力輸出介面32，可藉由該電力輸出介面來將電力供應至諸如另一工作車輛之一外部電力汲取源。外部電力汲取源亦可為(例如)自身不具有驅動單元之一裝置，例如運輸於一拖車上之一泵。 如自圖2可見，可使電動馬達11與一差動器25耦合且使驅動輪6經由兩個半軸26來與差動器25轉矩耦合。此外，可使齒輪裝置27配置於電動馬達11與差動器25之間，可藉由該齒輪裝置來對應地減小電動馬達11之速度。替代地，齒輪裝置27亦可直接形成於電動馬達11上，例如，呈一齒輪馬達之形式。在另一替代變體中，亦可使齒輪裝置27與差動器25配置於一共同外殼中。 此外，可形成亦可耦合至差動器25之一第二電動馬達28。 此外，亦可使一二次輸出29配置於差動器25或齒輪裝置27上，該輸出具有一輸出軸30。二次輸出29可用於驅動另外用電單元。 實施例之實例展示可行變體實施例：此處應注意，本發明不受限於特定繪示之其變體實施例，而是相反地，個別變體實施例亦可彼此各種組合，且基於本發明之技術教示之此變動可能性係在此項技術領域之熟習技術者之正常能力範圍內。 保護範圍由申請專利範圍判定。然而，[實施方式]及圖式應用於解譯申請專利範圍。來自所展示及描述之實施例之不同實例的個別特徵或特徵組合可表示獨立發明解決方案。可自[實施方式]推斷獨立發明解決方案之潛在問題。 關於[實施方式]中之取值範圍的所有指示應被理解為包含其任何及所有部分範圍，例如，指示1至10應被理解為包含自下限1開始至上限10之所有部分範圍，即，所有部分範圍開始於下限1或更大且結束於上限10或更小，例如1至1.7或3.2至8.1或5.5至10。 最後應指出，為了井然有序，部分元件未按比例繪示且被放大及/或縮小以更好地理解結構。
1‧‧‧工作車輛
2‧‧‧車身
3‧‧‧車輪對
4‧‧‧前輪對
5‧‧‧後輪對
6‧‧‧車輪
7‧‧‧二次電力單元
8‧‧‧內燃機
9‧‧‧發電機
10‧‧‧一次電力單元
11‧‧‧電動馬達
12‧‧‧供電系統
13‧‧‧控制電子器件
14‧‧‧支撐結構
15‧‧‧吊眼
16‧‧‧緊固構件
17‧‧‧撐桿
18‧‧‧第一接合及脫離離合器
19‧‧‧用電單元
20‧‧‧齒輪裝置
21‧‧‧斜齒輪
22‧‧‧第二接合及脫離離合器
23‧‧‧自由輪
24‧‧‧驅動軸
25‧‧‧差動器
26‧‧‧半軸
27‧‧‧齒輪裝置
28‧‧‧第二電動馬達
29‧‧‧二次輸出
30‧‧‧輸出軸
31‧‧‧電力輸入介面
32‧‧‧電力輸出介面
為更好理解本發明，將參考下圖來更詳細地解釋本發明。 此等圖各展示一極其簡化示意圖： 圖1係一示意性繪示之工作車輛之一側視圖； 圖2係一工作車輛之一示意性繪示之車輪對之一俯視圖。

Claims (20)

  1. 一種工作車輛(1)，特定言之，一種消防車，其包括： 一車身(2)； 至少兩個車輪對(3)，其等各具有至少兩個車輪(6)，該等對配置於該車身(2)上； 一一次電力單元(10)，特定言之，一電池，其用於儲存電力； 一二次電力單元(7)，其用於將限於為一燃料之能量轉換成電力； 至少一電動馬達(11)， 該工作車輛(1)之特徵在於： 該二次電力單元(7)配置於至少一支撐結構(14)上，該支撐結構(14)依模組化方式且可拆卸地容納於該車身(2)上。
  2. 如請求項1之工作車輛，其中該二次電力單元(7)呈一電化電池之形式。
  3. 如請求項1之工作車輛，其中該二次電力單元(7)呈諸如一內燃機(8)之一燃燒供電引擎之形式，該燃燒供電引擎與一發電機(9)耦合。
  4. 如請求項3之工作車輛，其中至少一用電單元(19)，特定言之，諸如一泵之工作設備，配置於該工作車輛(1)上，該至少一用電單元(19)藉由視需要插入一齒輪裝置(20)來與該二次電力單元(7)機械耦合。
  5. 如請求項3或4之工作車輛，其中一第一接合及脫離離合器(18)插入於該二次電力單元(7)與該發電機(9)之間。
  6. 如請求項4之工作車輛，其中一第二接合及脫離離合器(22)插入於該發電機(9)與該至少一用電單元(19)，特定言之，該泵，之間。
  7. 如請求項3或4之工作車輛，其中當關閉該內燃機(8)時，該發電機(9)可視操作需要用作一電動馬達且因此用於驅動該用電單元(19)，其中該發電機(9)與該內燃機(8)之間的該第一接合及脫離離合器(18)係解耦合的，或其中一自由輪(23)配置於該發電機(9)與該內燃機(8)之間。
  8. 如請求項1至4中任一項之工作車輛，其中該一次電力單元(10)及該二次電力單元(7)可藉由控制電子器件(13)來加成連接，使得該電動馬達(11)可被同時供應該一次電力單元(10)之輸出及該二次電力單元(7)之輸出。
  9. 如請求項4之工作車輛，其中該至少一用電單元(19)，特定言之，該泵，亦配置於該支撐結構(14)上。
  10. 如請求項9之工作車輛，其中該二次電力單元(7)配置成在該支撐結構(14)上靠近該至少一用電單元(19)。
  11. 如請求項10之工作車輛，其中該二次電力單元(7)及該至少一用電單元(19)藉由齒輪裝置(21)來耦合在一起。
  12. 如請求項1至4中任一項之工作車輛，其中該支撐結構(14)配置於該後輪對(3)之區域中及該後輪對(3)上方。
  13. 如請求項1至4中任一項之工作車輛，其中該支撐結構(14)具有一吊眼(15)，可藉由該吊眼(15)來使該支撐結構(14)脫離該車身(2)。
  14. 如請求項1至4中任一項之工作車輛，其中該電動馬達(11)經設計為該等車輪(6)之至少一者之一驅動馬達。
  15. 如請求項1至4中任一項之工作車輛，其中該等車輪對(3)之至少一者之該等車輪(6)藉由一差動器(25)來耦合在一起，且作為該兩個車輪(6)之中央驅動器之該電動馬達(11)與該差動器(25)耦合。
  16. 如請求項15之工作車輛，其中該電動馬達(11)可藉由齒輪裝置(27)來與該差動器(25)耦合且用於驅動另外單元之一二次輸出(29)形成於該齒輪裝置(27)上，其中該差動器(25)及/或二次輸出(29)視需要能夠由該電動馬達(11)藉由該齒輪裝置(27)來驅動。
  17. 如請求項15之工作車輛，其中一第二電動馬達(28)與該差動器(25)耦合，該第二電動馬達(28)依模組化方式與該第一電動馬達(11)協作。
  18. 如請求項1至4中任一項之工作車輛，其中形成一電力輸入介面(31)，可藉由該電力輸入介面來自諸如另一工作車輛之一外部供電裝置汲取電力。
  19. 如請求項1至4中任一項之工作車輛，其中形成一電力輸出介面(32)，可藉由該電力輸出介面來將電力供應至諸如另一工作車輛之一外部用電裝置。
  20. 一種用於操作一工作車輛(1)，特定言之，如前述請求項中任一項之工作車輛(1)，之方法，其特徵在於：在一電力模式中，由該二次電力單元(7)產生之電力及儲存於該電池(10)中之電力用於驅動該電動馬達(11)。
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