TW200407406A - Acid-capped quaternised polymer and compositions comprising such polymer - Google Patents
Acid-capped quaternised polymer and compositions comprising such polymer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TW200407406A TW200407406A TW092121533A TW92121533A TW200407406A TW 200407406 A TW200407406 A TW 200407406A TW 092121533 A TW092121533 A TW 092121533A TW 92121533 A TW92121533 A TW 92121533A TW 200407406 A TW200407406 A TW 200407406A
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- group
- quaternary
- acid
- quaternary ammonium
- Prior art date
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 125000001453 quaternary ammonium group Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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- RMUJSHZJFTWGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloromethyl thiocyanate Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)SC#N RMUJSHZJFTWGGN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RKQOSDAEEGPRER-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc diethyldithiocarbamate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCN(CC)C([S-])=S.CCN(CC)C([S-])=S RKQOSDAEEGPRER-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
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- C08F20/60—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing nitrogen in addition to the carbonamido nitrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
- C08F20/10—Esters
- C08F20/34—Esters containing nitrogen, e.g. N,N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth)acrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F30/00—Homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal
- C08F30/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and containing phosphorus, selenium, tellurium or a metal containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
- C09D5/1656—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints characterised by the film-forming substance
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/16—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
- C09D5/1656—Antifouling paints; Underwater paints characterised by the film-forming substance
- C09D5/1662—Synthetic film-forming substance
- C09D5/1668—Vinyl-type polymers
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1811—C10or C11-(Meth)acrylate, e.g. isodecyl (meth)acrylate, isobornyl (meth)acrylate or 2-naphthyl (meth)acrylate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/52—Amides or imides
- C08F220/54—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide
- C08F220/60—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing nitrogen in addition to the carbonamido nitrogen
- C08F220/603—Amides, e.g. N,N-dimethylacrylamide or N-isopropylacrylamide containing nitrogen in addition to the carbonamido nitrogen and containing oxygen in addition to the carbonamido oxygen and nitrogen
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Description
200407406 玫、發明說明: 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明係關於防污塗料,特別在海洋中之應用。 【先前技術】 人造的結構例如船身、浮筒、鑽油平台、製、由鑽 ΠΓ其浸泡於水中容易因水中生長的有機體:二 如杂色和棕色的水藻、藤壺、珠泮等相似物。此心構 吊為金屬’但亦可包含其它結構性的材料例如混凝土 ^ 類:船身上的辯污是一件麻煩的事,因為當在水中移動: y增加摩擦阻力’結果會降低速度且增加燃料成本。名 靜置的結構上例如鑽油平台的腳架和製油鑽、、 須事,首先因為厚厚一層髒污對波浪和潮流之 起不可預期,且在結構上有潛在危險的應力,第—: 髒污使得要檢視結構的缺陷變得困難,例如壓裂^2為 在管路上其亦為麻煩事,例如冷卻水進出口,。 橫切面積因為髒污而減少,結果流速也降低。 '、、政的 已知使用防污塗料例如在船身的面塗上:用來抑 :及水中生長的有機體之成長,如藤壺和水藻,二 中生長的有機體是藉由生物殺傷劑的釋出。 、 傳統上詩塗料包括-種含自塗料中濾出之殺生物 义較鈍性的黏合劑。在黏合劑中,己 〃、 香。乙缔樹脂料水不可溶的 &4知與松 上 以匕們為王的塗料佶 高濃度顏料,使得在顏料粒子間相接觸,以確保能被淚出。 >香為硬脆的樹脂’其非常些微地溶於海水中。以松香為 86912 乙 200407406 王的防π塗料已被認為是可溶解的基質或侵蝕的塗料。殺 物I、料在使用時非常平緩地由松香黏合劑基質中濾出, 剩下权香的月木基丨’其被沖洗出船身表面,使得生物殺 傷劑顏料從塗膜深處濾出。 、,年來許多成功的防污塗料已經是以聚合的黏合劑為主 之自行擦売的共聚物,,淨&止 ,、 κ物至枓,其中生物殺傷劑的三有機錫 邵份為化學鍵結接於其上,而在其上生物殺傷劑部份逐漸 、每权水解掉。在此類黏合劑系統中,直鏈聚合物單元 的側鏈在第-步驟中藉由和海水的反應而分離,結果為剩 下勺木口物木構變為水溶性或水可分散。在第二步驟中水 溶性或水可分散的架構在船的塗層表面被沖刷或侵姓掉· 此類:料系統敘述於如英國專利第Α] 457 59〇號之實例 田一有機錫的使用受到法規之限制且變成全世界禁止 時丄則需要另外可用於防污組合物之防㈣質。 、英國專利第Α-2 273 934號中敘述一種枯合劑系統,其替 代、有機锡為王的防污系統。—種可水解的聚合枯合劑說 -G括連接於聚合架構之季銨基。此類聚合的枯合劑是 ^素加蓋的季銨單體(其中之—R基具有(甲基)丙_胺官 :基米合而製備。這些聚合的粘合劑因為鹵素加蓋的季 銨機而⑷刀’谷於海水中。然而,當整個粘合劑從開始就會 有某些程度溶於海水時,則塗料被侵蝕較快。 力扒儿的共永物塗料,其釋出非生物殺傷劑的部分, 敛述於歐洲專利第A-69 559號、歐洲專利第A-2G4 456號、 叫專利第A_529 693號、歐洲專利第A-779 304號、世界專 86912 200407406 利第A-9 1/14743號、世界專利第ΛΑ 1/09915號、英國專利 A-23 1 070、曰本專利第A-9-286933號中。 美國專利第A-4,675,051號中敘述一種海洋防污塗料,其 會逐漸溶於海水中,且包括一種樹脂型式之粘合劑,其是 藉由將松香和含有至少一個一級或二級胺基之芳香族聚胺 反應所製得。歐洲專利第A-802 243號中敘述一種含有松香 化合物、含有機矽基酯基、以及防污劑之塗料組合物。 世界專利第A-02/02698號中敘述一種防污塗料,其會逐 漸/谷於/母水中。此塗料包括一種枯合劑和含有海中防生物 成長的性質之成分。此粘合劑包括一種松香物質和一種营 助成膜的樹脂。此幫助成膜的樹脂包括一種非水解、不溶 於水能形成薄膜的聚合物,以及一種官能基酸形成薄膜的 聚合物,其酸基是由季銨基或季鱗基所封鎖。在第一步驟 中,此封鎖基被水解、溶解、或與海水的物質交換,結果 此聚合物剩下的骨架變得可以溶解或分散於海水中。在第 二步驟中,溶解或分散的骨架在船身塗層的表面被沖刷或 侵钱掉。 在官能性酸的聚合物上用為封鎖基的季銨基或季鱗基之 結構影響塗料溶解或侵蝕的速率。雖然有較長的鏈季ς基 能確保塗料緩慢分解,但是這些基的大小增加時則更毒: 這毒性如實例在日本專利第Α_2_120372號用於防霉塗料组 需要的’其 結果剩下的 該封鎖基為 結果,含有封鎖官能基之粘合劑聚合物是有 封鎖基可被水解、溶解或與海水的物質交換, 聚合物骨架變得可溶解或分散於海水中’其中 低毒性,較佳為非生物殺傷性的。 、 86912 200407406 本發明係有關一種聚合物,其能針對上逑問題/不便性提 供一解決方案。本發明進一步關於此聚合物之製備,其在 防污組合物之用途、包含該聚合物之防污組合物、及該防 污組合物用在保護人造之浸入水中之結構(如船體、救生 圈、鑽井台、產油製備、及管子)之用途。 【發明内容】 本發明的粘合劑聚合物為一種聚合物,包括季銨基和/或 子鱗基連接於聚合物之骨架上,該季銨基和/或季鳞基被中 和’換句話說被相反的離子封鎖或加蓋。這些相反的離子 由含脂肪族、芳香族或烷芳基碳氫化合物(含至少6個碳原 子)的fei之陰離子殘基所組成。 本發明更關於一種製備此長鍊以羧化加蓋的四級官能銨 或鱗聚合物之方法,其方法包括步驟: -以下分子式(I)的胺或磷官能基單體之四級化: R1 Ο p3 II 2 /
H2c=c — c ——Y ——R 一 Z
XR 其中 Y為Ο或NH,Z為N或P,R1為氫原子或CrC4烷基,較佳為 氫或CrC2i燒基。 R2為c:2或cvcu之二價碳氫化合物,較佳為q或c3_c8< 一彳貝奴氫化合物基,更佳為q或C厂&的二價碳氫化合物 基。 R3和R4個別代表CrC6烷基,較佳為甲基或選用取代的笨 86912 -9- 200407406 基。 :四級化銨或鱗單體相反離子的取代是由衍生自含有脂 肪狹、万香狹或烷芳基碳氫化合物基(含6個或更多的碳原 子)之k基所取代。此結果四級化的單體以相反離子加 盍,其中相反離子由含6個&更多碳原子之脂防族碳氮化合 物基的酸之陰離子殘基所組成。 一至少一類型的長鏈酸加蓋的季銨單體和/或至少一類型 的長鍵fe加蓋的季鱗官能性單體之聚合反應。 分子式(I)的胺或磷官能性單體之四級化,其可藉由將單 體(I)與碳酸二酿反應來進行,較佳為碳酸二酯與高至6個碳 原子如二甲基碳酸酯、乙基甲基碳酸酯、二乙基碳酸酯和 一丙基碳酸酯。最佳地為使用二甲基碳酸酯之反應。 如實例’分子式(I)的胺官能性單體之四級化使用碳酸二 醋’結果得到分子式(II)的季銨官能性單體,分子式(Π): 二 ΗΧ2 ό
OMHC γ
R
R
R
X (-) 86912 -10- 200407406 佳為甲醇)’在從約每平方英吋90磅至100磅(6.1x1 〇5巴斯卡 (Pascal,1牛頓/米2)至6·8χ1〇5巴斯卡)的增壓下進行。 季按或季鳞單體的碳酸鹽相反離子之取代可以使用含脂 防族、芳香族或烷芳基碳氫化合物基(含6個或更多個碳原 子’較佳為8個或更多個碳原子)之酸來進行。如實例此酸 可為奴酸、磧酸、或硫酸。此酸較佳為含有高至5 〇個碳原 子’甚至更多較佳為高至3〇個碳原子,而最佳為高至2〇個 碳原子。 長鍵、酸加蓋的季銨或季鱗單體或為四級官能基單體的 混合物之聚合反應可以使用各式共聚用單體、或共聚用單 體 < 混合物來進行。如實例,加入共聚合反應可使用不飽 和單fa製備,其藉由將烷基、烷氧基烷基、羧基或雜環醇 或胺之酯或醯胺’與不飽和幾酸例如丙晞酸甲酯或甲基丙 晞甲酯、丙缔酸丁酯或甲基丙晞酸丁酯、丙烯酸異丁酯 或甲基丙缔酸異丁酯、和丙缔酸異冰片酯或甲基丙烯酸異 冰片酯反應來進行。此外,不飽和共聚單體可為乙烯基系 化合物,如實例苯乙烯、乙烯基韮咯烷酮或醋酸乙晞。 此聚合物包括季銨和/或季鳞,含有衍生自酸的相反離 子,此酸包括含有6個或更多的碳原子之脂肪族、芳香族、 或烷芳基碳氫化合物,聚合物可由至少一類如上所述之長 鏈、酸加蓋的季銨官能基單體製備。此外,其可藉由將含 有季銨和/或季鱗之聚合物與含有6個或更多的碳原子之脂 肪族、芳香族、或烷芳基碳氫化合物反應而製備。 本發明更關於使用含有季銨和/或季鱗鍵結於聚合物骨架 86912 -11 - 200407406 u合物,在防污塗料組合物中該季按和/或季鱗被相反離 子中和,其中相反離子由含有6個或更多碳原子的脂肪族、 方香族、或垸芳基碳氫化合物的酸之陰離予殘基所組成。 本發明更關於防污塗料組合物,其包括—種成份具有殺 ^海洋生物之性質,以及-種含有季銨和/或季鱗鍵結餘聚 口物骨架上(聚合物’該季銨和/或季鳞被相反離子所中 ^ ’其中相反離子由含有6個或更多碳原子的脂肪族、芳香 族、烷芳基碳氫化合物的酸之陰離子殘基 根據本發明之塗料其在海水中溶解或速率可藉由 f閉基之結構來調整,實質上關於釋出基的毒性並沒有問 喊。較佳地’封閉基包括一個或多個酸之陰離子殘基,其 含有6至50個碳原子,更佳為ό至20個碳原子。 八 根據本發明之另一具體實施例,此塗料組合物含有松香 物質’此外成份含有海洋生物之殺傷性f,且聚合物含有 季銨和/或季鱗,該季銨和/或季鱗被酸的陰離 料所中和,此酸包括含有6個或更多個碳原子之 芳香族、烷芳基碳氫化合物。
松香並非良好妁薄膜形成者’ 1已知添加其它的薄膜形 成樹脂於以松香為基礎之防污塗料。因此,根據本發明之 防π塗料組合物包括__種松香物質,較佳地為另外各有— 種不水解、水不可溶、形成薄膜之聚合物。在㈣ 長鏈、酸加蓋之四級官能基聚合物、以及選用的—種或多 種其它形成薄膜樹脂之間的比例,在含有海洋生物殺傷二 义成份從塗料釋出後,影響塗料薄膜強度和/或以松香為主 86912 -12- 200407406 的塗料母體之確實侵蝕性。 :據本發明之較佳具體實施例,防污塗料具有黏合劑, 匕2香物質和辅助形成薄膜樹脂之混合物,以2G:8〇至95·5 《重量比’此辅助形成薄膜樹脂含有20.ΗΗ)重量%之季銨年 ;二季鱗官能基之形成薄膜聚合物㈧,其四級化的基圏被能 夠以母水水解、分離或交換之基團所封閉,此封閉之基團 為含有6個或更多碳原子的脂肪族、芳香族、或燒芳基碳氫 化合物《酸的陰離子殘基,且80-20%為不水解、水不可溶 之形成薄膜聚合物(Β)。 >权香物吳可以加入含有海洋生物殺傷性質和長鏈、酸加 -的四級g能基聚合物之成份之組合物中,較佳為松香, 更特別為木製松香或木槳浮油松香或膠松香。松香的主要 化學組成為松香酸。松香可為市上所售之任何等級,所售 較佳地為WW(水白)松香。松香物質另可為松香衍生物,如 實例馬來酸化或反丁缔二酸化松香、氫化松香、甲醯化松 香或聚合的松香、或松香金屬鹽例如鈣、鎂、銅或鋅之松 香酸鹽。 不水解、水不可溶的形成薄膜聚合物(]3)可為如實例乙烯 醚聚合物,如實例聚(乙晞烷基醚)、或乙烯烷基醚與醋酸乙 烯或氯化乙缔之共聚物、丙烯酸酯聚合物,例如一種或多 種丙晞酸烷基酯或甲基丙婦酸烷基酯之均聚物或共聚物, 其較佳為含有1至6個碳原子於烷基中,且可含有辅助單體 例如丙烯(42)或苯乙晞、或醋酸乙烯聚合物,例如聚醋酸乙 晞或醋酸乙烯氯化乙缔共聚物。聚合物(B)或可為聚胺,特 86912 -13- 200407406 :::有塑化效果之聚酿胺,例如脂肪 或:售的商標"Santiciser"之聚酸胺。 κ物的來酿如’ 吾人發現本發明的塗料當組合物 溶的形成薄膜之聚合物(Β)時,且有^ 、7 、水不可 佳組合。最佳地,松香對全部輔:,成薄膜與侵㈣之最 :疋攸加、⑽或55:45高至咖。水 二匕 薄膜聚合物⑷較佳為形成至少3。、最佳為至少5〇、= 或Γ重量%之輔助形成薄膜樹脂,剩餘的為不水解水不可溶 4聚合物(Β)。 助形成薄膜樹脂之松香和聚合物可以在一般的溶劑中 混合,其形成塗料溶劑的一部份,如實例芳香族碳氫化合 物例:二甲苯、f苯或三甲苯,醇類例如正丁帛,醚醇例 丁氧基乙醇或甲氧基丙醇,酯類例如醋酸丁酯或醋酸異 戊酿,醚醋類例如酷酸乙氧基乙醋或醋酸甲氧基丙酿,酮 類例如甲基異丁酮或甲基異戊酮,脂肪族碳氫化合物例如 石油溶劑,或兩種或多種這些溶劑的混合物。 根據本發明之防污塗料,或含或不含松香者可以包括非 聚合的可塑劑。例如一種可塑劑如實例以全部黏合劑聚合 物的總重計可以含有高至5〇重量%,最佳為至少1〇%和高至 3 5重量% ’以黏合劑聚合物量計。此類可塑劑的實例為鄰苯 二甲酸酯例如鄰苯二甲酸二丁酯、鄰苯二甲酸丁基苯甲基 酉旨、鄰冬二甲酸二辛醋、磷酸三酿例如磷酸三甲齡醋或三(異 丙基)苯基磷酸酯、或氯化石蠟。
含有海洋生物·殺傷性質之成份通常為用於水中有機體之 86912 -14- 200407406 生物殺傷劑或顏料或其混合物。此· 用傳統塗料混人技 奴傷劑和/或顏料可 口技術舁黏合劑混合。 … 性質之成份為淹μ # ^ 田口有磚年生物殺傷 ' 0 4頋科時,其可為塗料 ^ 塗料組合物較# Α人女、 〜科的全邵或部份。 巧孕乂佳為含有顏料體積濃 當本宥沲、、"1 把毛、/辰度如贫例15至55%。 口 /'年生物殺傷性質之成份為顏料 、 括含金屬為料,4γ "、、 尽、科可以包 百萬分之0 5至财4、頌科在母水中的溶解度為 顏料的每4丨4』 了取為水中生物殺傷劑之此類 〃、科的5例包括銅或鋅化 錮、靛^ π ζ 川如虱化亞銅、硫氰酸亞 其甲Γ 伸乙基雙(二硫胺基甲酸)鋅、二甲基二硫胺 基甲㈣”比咬硫酮化鋅”比淀硫酉同化銅、二乙基二硫胺 基甲酸鋅、樹脂酸銅或伸乙基雙(二硫胺基甲酸)亞銅。至它 在海水中的溶解度為百萬分技5至1()重量比之缺乏溶解性 顏料包括硫酸鋇、硫_、白雲石、和氧化鋅。缺乏溶解 、彦/、料亦可使用’如貫例氧化亞銅、硫氯酸亞銅或高效 的生物殺傷顏料之伸乙基雙(二硫胺基甲酸)鋅可以與做為生 物殺傷劑無效果但在海水中溶解稍微更快之氧化鋅混合。 了以έ有銅金屬做為水中生物殺傷劑,如實例以小薄片狀 或粉劑形式。 防/亏爱料組合物可以含有非含金屬之生物殺傷劑來對付 海洋中的有機體,即一種具有海洋生物殺傷性質即生物殺 傷劑’但非顏料。此類化合物之實例四甲基秋蘭姆二硫化 物、伸甲基雙(硫氰酸酯)、蓋普丹(captan)、三苯基硼吡錠、 取代的異嘍唑啉酮例如4,5-二氯-2-正辛基-4-異u塞唑啉_3_ 酉同 2 -甲基硫-4 -特丁基胺基-6 -稼丙基胺基-均-二嗦、N - 3,4 _ 86912 -15- 200407406 一氣表基_1^’,1^’-二甲基-脲(“〇丨111'〇11”)、2-(硫_氰甲基硫)苯 并"塞唆、2,4,5,6-四氯-間苯二氰、益發寧(dichl〇rofluanid)、 甲基益發寧(t〇lylfluanid)、2-(對-氯苯基)-3-氰-4-溴-5-三氟 甲基吼咯、3-丁基-5-(二溴次甲基)2(5氫)·呋喃酮和2,3,5,6-四氯-4-(甲基-績醯基)峨淀。此類非含金屬的生物殺傷劑可 以用來做為無銅、或甚至無金屬或無顏料的防污塗料中唯 一塗料之生物殺傷劑。 視情況’防污組合物含有一種或多種酸官能基的生物殺 傷劑,如實例(9E)-4-(6,10-二甲基辛-9, 11-二晞)呋喃_2-幾 酸和對_(磺醯氧基)肉桂酸(zosteric酸)。此類(或混合的)非 含金屬酸官能基之生物殺傷劑可用來做為無酮、或甚至無 金屬或無顏料的防污塗料之唯一塗料之生物殺傷劑。 除了含有通常用於水中有機體的生物殺傷劑之海洋生物 奴傷性質之成份,或顏料或其混合物之成份以外,塗料組 合物可以含有(其它的)顏料。如實例不與海水反應且在海水 中高度不溶(溶解度低於百萬分之0.5重量比)之顏料,例如 二氧化鈦或氧化鐵或有機顏料例如蔴菁或偶氮顏料。此類 向度不溶解的顏料較佳之用量低於塗料總顏料成份之6〇重 量%,最佳為低於40〇/〇。 塗料組合物可以另外含有其它添加劑,如實例傳統的增 稠劑特別為流變性例如矽石粉或膨潤土和/或安定劑,如實 例沸石或脂肪族或芳香族胺類例如去氫樅酸基胺。 本發明將說明關於下列之實例。這些是用來說明本發明 但非解釋限制其範園之方式。 86912 -16 - 200407406 【實施方式】 實例1 三甲基銨丙基甲基丙烯醯胺的碳酸甲酯鹽,是使用棕櫚 酸以下列方法中和。 將固態的棕櫚酸(60.26克,0.235莫耳)加入三甲基銨丙基 甲基丙烯醯胺碳酸甲酯鹽(6 1.18克,0.235莫耳)的甲烷溶液 (300毫升)中。將起泡的懸浮液(產生c〇2氣體)在室溫氮氣壓 力下授拌至隔夜。所得的溶液加熱至3 5 °C後再一個小時, 以確保完全反應。在減壓下將溶劑蒸發掉,產生灰白色固 體/半固體,以1H-NMR確認其為所需之產物,而不須進一 步純化。 上述貫驗疋在慣常用於此反應之條件下進行。在這些反 應條件下的變數是可能的。如實例,替代的溶劑例如乙醇、 丙醇、異丙醇、丁醇、或這些與二甲苯之混合物均可用來 產生單體溶液,其可以直接用來進行聚合反應步驟(不需要 純化)。此外’反應可以在升溫下進行縮短時間。 實例2 在實例1中製備之三甲基銨丙基甲基丙烯醯胺棕櫚酸鹽, 與甲基丙烯酸異冰片酯(iBoMA)(20:8〇)進行聚合反應,得到 50%固體之聚合物溶液。
基腈)AMBN起始劑(2.26克 ),以及2,2,-偶氮雙-(2-甲基丁 〇·118莫耳,1莫耳。/(>)。將此進 86912 -17- 200407406 料溶液以超過3個半小時一滴一滴地加入反應容器中,並以 機械攪掉且在氮氣壓力中85 °C下,容器中含有(3:1)二甲苯· 丁醇(265克)。在單體完全加入後,將溫度上升至95t:且將 起始量的ΑΜΒΝ(1·13克,0.0059莫耳,1/2莫耳%)加入其中。 將反應維持在此升溫下一個小時。將聚合物溶液移至儲存 容器中冷卻。 雖然在這些條件的變數是有可能的,但是上述實驗是在 此反應的慣常條件下進行:其它溶劑或溶劑混合物包括一 般塗料落劑均可用來替代。其它輔助單體為如實例(甲基)丙 烯酸甲酯、(甲基)丙晞酸丁酯、(甲基)丙烯酸異丁酯、苯乙 烯、和其它乙埽系單體。還有單體之比例可以改變。通常, 四級Τ能基的酸加蓋單體之含量為15至3〇莫耳%。聚合物溶 液的黏度疋通常使得物質可以用來調配固體之百分率,如 實例超過30%,或超過45%,且如實例低於75%。此外,替 代的起始劑例如α,α,_偶氮異丁基腈(αιβν)亦可使用。 實例3 將下列的物質使用高速分散機以替代的重量%混合,形 成根據本發明之含銅防污塗料。 86912 -18- 200407406 名稱 說明 乾膜體積 重量% 棕櫚酸加蓋的樹脂 樹脂溶液 21.61 16.37 對苯二驗 起始劑 0.24 0.10 Tixogel MP® 有機黏土膠 2.42 1.36 Silica-mcker* HDK-N20 ⑧ 流變劑 1.47 1.01 二甲苯 溶劑 3.05 Hansa-Scarlet RN-C® 顏料 5.10 2.27 Copper Omadine® 生物殺傷劑 6.77 3.89 氧化鋅 顏料 6.76 11.63 氧化亞銅 生物殺傷劑 20.25 36.73 Lutonal A25®(聚乙晞乙基 可塑劑 11.93 3.54 醚) 甲基異戊酮 溶劑 麵 2.27 實例4 將下列的物質使用高速分散機以替代的重量%混合,形 成根據本發明之含銅防污塗料。 86912 19- 200407406 名稱 說明 乾膜體積 重量% 棕櫚酸加蓋的樹脂 樹脂溶液 43.24 36.29 二甲苯 溶劑 _ 5.09 Bentone SD1® 有機黏土膠 1.01 0.52 Silica-Wacker HDK-N20® 流變劑 0.68 0.52 Anti-Terra 203® 分散劑 0.76 0.46 Irgarol 1051® 生物殺傷劑 12.94 4.93 氧化鋅 顏料 21.45 40.88 Zinc Omadine® 生物殺傷劑 6.33 3.91 Lutonal A25®(聚乙晞乙 基酸) 可塑劑 10.81 3.56 二氧化欽(金紅石) 顏料 2.77 3.84 實例5 將下列的物質使用高速分散機以替代的重量%混合,形 成根據本發明之無鋅和無銅的防污塗料。 86912 -20- 200407406 名稱 說明 乾膜體積 重量% 掠搁酸加盖的樹脂 樹脂溶液 34.61 28.87 二甲苯 溶劑 馨 4.63 Tixogel MP® 有機黏土膠 1.43 1.01 Silica-Wacker HDK-N20⑧ 流變劑 0.35 0.30 Sea-Nine 211 ® 生物殺傷劑 6.89 9.94 Preventol A5® 生物殺傷劑 8.69 5.12 氧化鐵(Bayferrox 顏料 3.32 6.53 Red 130BM®) Lutonal A25®(聚乙晞乙基 可塑劑 8.65 3.23 醚) Dolomite Microdol 填充劑 36.06 40.36 H extra® 86912 -21 -
Claims (1)
- 200407406 拾、申請專利範圍: 1· 一種聚合物,包括季銨基和/或季鱗基鍵結於聚合物之骨 架上,該季銨基和/或季鱗基由相反離子中和,其特徵為 相反離子由含6個或更多碳原子之脂肪族、芳香族或烷芳 基碳氳化合物的酸之陰離子殘基所組成。 2· —種製備根據申請專利範圍第丨項之聚合物之方法,其包 括: -以下分子式⑴的胺或磷官能基單體之四級化: C 2 Η 3R 4R/ / Z 2R Y o MMnc 丨 R-:c 其中Y為Ο或NH,Z為N或P,R1為氫原子或Ci_C4烷基,R2 為I或cvc^2之亞烷基,R>R4個別代表^匕亞烷基,或 視情況取代的苯基, -四級化銨或鳞單體相反離子的取代是由衍生自含6個或 更多的竣原子之脂肪族、芳香族或烷芳基碳氫化合物基的 酸之羧酸基所取代, -至少一類型的長鏈酸加蓋的季銨單體和/或至少一類型 的長鏈酸加蓋的季鳞官能性單體之聚合反應。 3_種用於聚合物於防污塗料組合物之用途,該聚合物包括 季銨和/或季鱗基鍵結於聚合物之骨架上,該季銨基和/或 季鱗由相反離子所中和,其特徵為相反離子由含有6個或 86912 200407406 ^多個碳原子的脂肪族、芳香族、或芳燒基碳氫化合物之 酸的陰離子殘基所組成。 4. -種防”料組合物,其包括—種含有海洋生物殺傷性之 H種含有季銨基和/或季鳞基鍵結於聚合物骨 架上之聚合物’該季銨基和/或季鱗基由相反離子所中和, $特徵為相反離子由含有6個或更多個碳原子的脂肪族、 方香族、或芳燒基礙氫化合物之酸的陰離子殘基所组成。 5. 根據中請專利範圍第4項之塗料組合物,其特徵為相反離 子含有6至50個碳原子。 6·^中請專利範圍第4或5項之塗料組合物,其特徵為塗料 ,、且泛物另外含有松香物質。 7. =:專利範固第6項之塗料組合物,其特徵為塗料組 ::料劑’其包括-種松香物質和-種辅助形成薄 脂之混合物,其重量比例為20:80至95:5,此辅助 形成薄膜之樹脂含有20_1〇〇重量%之季錢和 7解、分離或交換而剩下溶於海水之聚人 ,香料基團為含有6個或更多個碳原子的脂心 =T:基碳氣化合物的酸之陰離子殘基,且心。 里〇、.、不水解、水不可溶之形成薄膜聚合物⑻。 8. 根據申請專利範園第7项之塗料組合物 包括松香物質和輔助^々左 /、特欲為黏合劑 為55··45至80:2。。 脂1合物,其重量比例 9. 根據中請專利範園第1之塗料組合物,其特_ 86912 200407406 Η 成薄膜:1树脂含有3〇_9〇重 >、A t 1 形成薄膜聚合物(A),其 在母水中能夠水解或分_幺、、办 飞離為/合於崎水之聚合物,以及7(Μ〇 重量%之非水解、水不可溶之形成薄膜聚合物⑻。 10·根據申,專利範圍第4或5項《塗料組合物,其特徵為非水 解、水不可落之形成薄膜聚合物⑺)為丙烯酸酯聚合物或 乙缔酸聚合物。 11·根據申請專利範圍第4或5項之塗料組合物,其特徵為黏合 劑包括非聚合的可塑劑,以黏合劑聚合物總重計含量高至 50重量%。 12·—種根據申請專利範圍第4至11項中任一項之塗料組合物 於保護浸潰於水中之人造結構,例如船身、浮筒、鑽油平 台、製油鑽井架、和管路之用途。 86912 200407406 柒、指定代表圖: (一) 本案指定代表圖為:第()圖。 (二) 本代表圖之元件代表符號簡單說明: 捌、本案若有化學式時,請揭示最能顯示發明特徵的化學式: 86912
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| JP4911861B2 (ja) * | 2000-07-06 | 2012-04-04 | インターナショナル コーティングズ リミテッド | 防汚ペイント |
| JP5027374B2 (ja) | 2000-09-13 | 2012-09-19 | アクゾ ノーベル ナムローゼ フェンノートシャップ | 鋼のプライマーコーティング |
| KR100802886B1 (ko) | 2000-09-13 | 2008-02-13 | 아크조 노벨 엔.브이. | 강철의 프라이머 코팅방법 |
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