RU2660559C2 - Hybrid ground-space communication system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: satellite communication systems.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to satellite communication systems with space and ground segments and, in particular, to a hybrid earth-space communication system using low-orbit spacecraft groups for Earth remote sensing (ERS SOG). To this end, the space segment consists of an orbit group of three repeater satellites (OG RS), spaced relative to each other along the geostationary orbit to cover the entire territory and water area of Russia with the adjacent regions at latitudes from 75 degrees south latitude up to 75 degrees north latitude and the orbit group of spacecraft for Earth remote sensing and meteorology, as well as newly introduced OG low-orbit communication spacecrafts in circular orbits with a height of 1500 km, and an inclination of 82.5 degrees.

EFFECT: technical result consists in increasing the technological control and communication efficiency in the absence of inter-satellite communication channels and the partial absence of earth communication channels.

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Description

The invention relates to satellite communication systems having space and ground segments and, in particular, to a hybrid terrestrial-space satellite communication system (the term “hybrid” is understood as a system consisting of two or more integrated subsystems) using low-orbit constellations of remote sensing spacecraft Earth (OG KADZZ) with altitudes of orbits of 300-700 km, orbital constellations of spacecraft meteorological observation (OG KAM) with circular near-polar orbits with altitudes of 1200 km, orbital g ruptions of three satellite repeaters (OG CP), uniformly spaced relative to each other in a geostationary (GSO) orbit, and a medium-altitude orbital constellation of 24 GLONASS spacecraft with orbit heights of 20,000 km.

Geostationary orbit (GSO) is the orbit of an artificial Earth satellite with a radius of 42164 km (6.6 Earth radii, 35786 km above the Earth's surface), which lies in the plane of the earth's equator. The period of revolution in this orbit is one day. Therefore, a geostationary, that is, a satellite moving in a geostationary orbit, does not change its position relative to the surface of the Earth (constantly "hangs" above the same point of the equator). This allows you to significantly simplify the design of ground-based transmitting and receiving equipment, since the antenna pointing at the satellite does not need to be rotated.

Of the currently existing communication systems between subscribers, for example, two groups of spacecraft are used, one of which is placed in low circular orbits, and the other in geostationary circular orbits. In general, this space constellation of satellites includes 36 satellites located in six orbital planes with six satellites in each plane. Satellites are equipped with radio-technical complexes-repeaters. The given orbit of each satellite is supported by its periodic correction. Dispatch stations and subscriber stations are located on Earth. During the operation of the system, subscriber signals, for example, during telephone communications, are relayed through a satellite located in the subscriber’s access area and located in low orbit to a ground-based dispatch station located in the satellite’s visibility range, and from a dispatch station to a satellite located in geostationary orbit, and from this satellite to the dispatch station of the receiving subscriber, from which signals through the satellite in low orbit are relayed to the station of the receiving subscriber signal (see Patent No. 2107990, CL HB04/185, 1998).

The disadvantage of this system is that for its effective functioning requires a significant number of satellites, which significantly increases the cost of the system and complicates its management. In addition, the manufacturability of control and communication in this system is excessively complex. So, the communication signals from the subscriber are sent to the satellite in low orbit, from there to the ground control station, then to the satellite in geostationary orbit, from there to the control station of the receiving subscriber and through the satellite in low orbit to the receiving station subscriber signal. Given the dynamics of the system, namely, the constant relative change in the position of satellites in low orbits, dispatch and subscriber stations, it is necessary to change the position of the transmitting and receiving devices (antennas) of satellites and ground stations, which is very difficult, and in addition, such a communication organization leads to lower quality of transmitted signals. It should also be noted that the implementation of the Earth’s remote sensing system for the movement of objects, monitoring the operation of stationary objects, environmental monitoring in specified regions, monitoring the meteorological conditions that are carried out by satellites in low orbits, and transmitting this information to consumers through control stations the need to create a network of control stations, which increases the already very high cost of the system and further complicates e e management. An attempt to improve the operational parameters of the system by introducing into its composition a constellation of satellites placed in a mid-altitude orbit (see RF patent No. 2118056, class Н04В 7/185, 1998), further complicated the system and worsened the quality of the transmitted signals.

The closest analogue selected for the prototype of the claimed invention is a two-level satellite communications system (patent for invention No. 2575632 dated 01/26/2016), in which, to ensure communication in the CIS and global data exchange throughout the Earth between land, air, marine and space subscribers included ground and space segments. The space segment consists of the groups CP, KADZZ, KAM. The ground segment consists of ground-based systems for receiving and transmitting target information and controlling the low-altitude constellation of spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth and a constellation of spacecraft for meteorological observation, as well as ground-based complexes for receiving and transmitting target information and controlling the orbital constellation of relay satellites in geostationary orbits, and a ground-based reception complex -transmission of target information and control of the orbital constellation of spacecraft remote sensed The Earth and meteorological observations are connected via control and information satellite channels to the orbital constellation of the space segment as part of the orbital constellations of the spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth and meteorological observations and the orbital constellation of three satellite-relays in geostationary orbits and consists of interconnected consumer complex, which includes special ground complexes and subscriber stations of various types and basing, and the control complex, as In addition to which command-measuring systems and flight control centers have been introduced for the orbital constellation of Earth remote sensing and meteorological observation spacecraft, the ground-based complex for receiving and transmitting target information and controlling the orbital constellation of relay satellites in geostationary orbits includes a control complex of relay satellites, including interconnected Relay and communications control center and satellite control satellite relay flight control center, and that the ground-based radio engineering complex, interconnected with the control complex of relay satellites through the ground-based communication channel, and ground-based radio engineering complexes that do not have the control complex of satellite-relay repeaters of the ground-based communication channel, ground-based radio engineering complexes consist of interconnected satellite or radio communication channels with an orbital constellation of three satellite transponders in geostationary orbits and for reception - with orbital constellation of spacecraft Earth sensing and meteorological observations, the ground-based complex for receiving and transmitting target information and controlling the orbital constellation of spacecraft remote sensing Earth and meteorological surveillance is interconnected with the ground-based complex for receiving and transmitting target information and controlling the orbital constellation of satellite-relay in geostationary orbits over land communication channels and a common network use, each of the ground-based radio systems of the ground-based complex of reception and transmission of target information and control eniya orbital relay satellites in geostationary orbits group contains command-measuring system and a radio link control satellite transponders.

The disadvantage of this system is the lack of adaptability of control and communication efficiency in the absence of inter-satellite communication, which is currently practically not implemented, and the partial absence of terrestrial communication channels. The decrease in the technological effectiveness of the management and the efficiency of communication with subscribers is unacceptable for solving the problems of the system in all its subscriber directions, especially for subscribers of the low-orbit constellation of spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth and spacecraft for weather observation. The problem to which the invention is directed is to increase the manufacturability of management and the efficiency of communication with subscribers in the absence of inter-satellite communication channels and a partial absence of terrestrial communication channels.

The solution to this problem is ensured by the fact that the space segment consists of an orbital constellation of three satellite repeaters (OG CP), spaced relative to each other in a geostationary orbit to cover the entire territory and waters of Russia with adjacent regions in latitudes from 75 degrees south latitude to 75 degrees north latitude (for example, CPs of the Luch-5A, Luch-5B, Luch-5V type), the orbital constellation of spacecraft for remote sensing of the Earth and meteorological observation (OG KADZZ and KAM) and the orbital constellation of 24 space GLONASS spacecraft, as well as the newly introduced GO of low-orbit communications spacecraft of the “Gonets-M” type of the ISSSS “Gonets-D1M” in circular orbits (altitude 1500 km, inclination 82.5 degrees, located in 4-6 orbital planes of 3-8 SC in each) with global coverage of the Earth. The ground segment consists of Earth stations for receiving, processing and retransmission of meteorological and ice conditions (ZS-ML) that do not have communication with the agricultural sector, MSNSS “Gonets-D1M” subscriber terminals operating on hybrid technology with satellite and terrestrial communication channels (cable, cellular) , the Internet and other communication networks), and the newly introduced interconnected unified information center for monitoring the transport complex (EICMTK), hardware and software complex (AIC), stationary trunk satellite communications stations (MCCS) and mobile Satellite communications stations (MASS) of situational headquarters and centers. At the same time, subscribers determine their location using subscriber equipment that interacts with the GLONASS spacecraft or the built-in GLONASS equipment in the subscriber satellite communications stations “Gonets”.

In FIG. 1 presents a diagram of the proposed system as part of the space and ground segments:

The cop. Space segment

1. The orbital constellation of three satellites of repeaters (CP) “Luch-5”.

1.1 CP “Luch-5A”, “Luch-5B”, “Luch-5V”.

2. Orbital constellation of the Earth remote sensing satellite (KADZZ) and the meteorological observation satellite (KAM).

2.1 KADZZ.

2.2 KAM.

3. The exhaust gas of low-orbit communication spacecraft (CAS) of the “Gonets-M” type of the multifunctional system of personal satellite communications (MSPSS) “Gonets-D1M”.

3.1 CAS.

4. OG GLONASS.

4.1 KA GLONASS.

NA. Ground segment

5. Earth stations for receiving, processing and retransmission of meteorological and ice conditions (ZS-ML), not connected with the agricultural sector.

5.1 ZS-ML.

6. Subscriber terminals (AT) of subscribers (consumers) of various bases: ground, including mobile, air and sea, including the Northern Sea Route (NSR).

6.1 AT.

7. Terrestrial communication lines, including cable, cellular, Internet, etc.

8. Trunk stations of satellite communications (MCCS) stationary, having communication with the agro-industrial complex.

8.1 ICSS.

9. The single information center for monitoring the transport complex (EICMTK).

9.1 Computing blocks (WB) EITMTK.

10. Hardware-software complex (AIC).

10.1 WB agribusiness.

11. Mobile satellite communications subscriber stations (MASS) of mobile situational headquarters and centers for communication with CP and CAS with technological and operational needs.

11.1 MASS.

In FIG. 2 presents a diagram and types of information exchange of elements (components) of the proposed system.

The proposed system works as follows.

The earth station (5-1) from the composition (5) receives and processes (preliminary primary processing) information from the domestic and foreign KAM (2-1) and KADZZ (2-2) from the exhaust gas (2) on the meteorological and ice conditions.

The pre-processed information of the GL (5-1) is relayed via CP (1-1) channels (for example, “Luch-5A”, “Luch-5B”, “Luch-5V”) to stationary satellite trunk communication stations (8-1) having communication with computing units (10-1) from the composition of the agro-industrial complex (10) for secondary processing with its subsequent presentation to computing units (9-1) from the EICMTK (9) for collecting, analyzing, forecasting changes in weather and ice conditions, and making decisions on bringing technological and operational information to subscribers (consumers). After the decision is made, the EICMTC (9) ensures that operational and technological information is communicated to the AP (5-1) and the AMISS (11-1) in the part related to the use of the Gonets UAS (3-1) from the OG (3) (global service area), and using CP (1-1) “Luch-5A”, “Luch-5B”, “Luch-5V” from the exhaust gas (1) CP “Luch-5” it is possible to bring in the coverage area (in the strip from 75 degrees south latitude to 75 degrees north latitude in the CP service area).

Subscribers (consumers) 6-1 (a water or land vehicle) from the composition of the NSR vehicles (6) and adjacent territories and water areas interact with the GLONASS spacecraft (4-1) from the GLONASS OG (4) to determine their location and with KAS “Gonets-M” (3-1) - to obtain technological and operational information.

Technological and operational interaction between CP (1-1), CAS (3-1) and subscribers (consumers) (6-1) is carried out through MASS (11-1).

Along with this, the control of terrestrial radio links is also carried out using hybrid technology in the form of series-connected to these lines, the controller - a comparator (see, for example, the GSM / GPRS K-105 controller) and a modem (see, for example, GSM / GPRS / GPS SonyEricsson GT47) through which terrestrial radio links are connected to low-orbit constellation satellites and the mobile subscriber stations of the MSNSS “Gonets-D1M”.

This design will allow to increase the technological management and the efficiency of message transmission to subscribers (consumers) due to the additional use of terrestrial communication networks, for example GSM / GPRS, by optimizing the loading of terrestrial and satellite communication channels by subscriber traffic, for example, remote sensing of the Earth and meteorological surveillance, and transmitted using terrestrial communication networks, and the OG of the spacecraft communications, for example, ISRSS “Gonets-D1M” (see, for example, “Low-orbit space system of a personal satellite communication and data transmission ”ed. Yulis, 2011), using the exhaust gas of navigation spacecraft (NKA), for example, the GLONASS navigation system (see, for example, Principles of construction and operation. Publishing House“ Radio Engineering ”, M., 2005, Satellite Networks Communications. Ed. M., “Military Parade”. 2010) and the GPS navigation system (see, for example, Solovyov V.A. Satellite Navigation Systems. M: Eco-Trends, 2000. - 270 pp.). Moreover, this optimization is carried out by increasing the accuracy of recording the load status of terrestrial and satellite communication channels by subscriber traffic. In the proposed system, traditional methods automatically determine the parameters of the current download of terrestrial and satellite communication channels with their potential bandwidth and after comparing them, the controller redistributes the load of terrestrial and satellite communication channels to transfer the necessary information using terrestrial or satellite modems over a freer communication channel. For example, operational information for a subscriber can be redistributed from the KADZZ OG or the KAM OG via the GSM / GPRS terrestrial radio channel or via the Gonets-D1M satellite satellite data transmission channel, depending on the availability and loading of the communication channel.

Thus, due to the operational redistribution of the communication resources of terrestrial and satellite communication channels, with the transition to a freer communication channel, including the global low-orbit communication channel, the control technology and the speed of message transfer are increased, especially in the event of emergency, emergency or emergency situations.

The proposed construction of a hybrid terrestrial-space communication system will ensure the required control technology and communication efficiency.

Claims (1)

Hybrid ground-space communication system, including the ground segment as part of earth stations for receiving, processing and relaying information of remote sensing of the earth, meteorological and ice conditions, stationary trunk satellite communication stations, interconnected subscriber terminals of various bases and land lines, as well as the space segment, as a part of a low-orbit constellation of communication spacecraft, an orbital constellation of three relay satellites spaced uniformly about each other in a geostationary orbit and an orbital constellation of spacecraft for remote sensing of the earth and meteorological observation, characterized in that a single center for monitoring the transport complex and a hardware-software complex interacting via land lines with stationary trunk satellite communication stations are introduced into the ground segment, and on low-orbit satellite communication channels with mobile subscriber terminals, the orbital I grouping space navigation apparatus, which together with the LEO constellation space communication apparatuses connected with subscriber terminals from the stationary and mobile subscriber stations of satellite communications, technological and operational interaction between system subscribers different bases and relay satellite via the spacecraft navigation and LEO communication.

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