RU2363964C1 - Device designed to monitor local irregularities and geodynamic zones of geological section top part (gst) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: instrument making.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates geophysics, particularly, to electromagnetic LF devices intended for analysing GST. Proposed device comprises two antennas arranged orthogonally and connected to receiver, one of them being installed vertically. Proposed device comprises additionally data processing device and third antenna arranged orthogonally to aforesaid two antennas and connected to aforesaid receiver. The later incorporates transmitter with its output connected to the data processing device input. Transmitter allows transmitting signals comprising data on mutually-orthogonal components Hx, Hy, Hz of natural pulsed electromagnetic Earth field to data processing device the later allows computation of Wzx (x, y)=Hz/Hx and Wzy (x, y)=Hz/Hy, determination of relationship Wzx=F(Δf) and Wzy=F(Δf), where "ДГ" is the range of received frequencies of mutually-orthogonal components Hx, Hy, Hz, from f₀ to f and integration of aforesaid relationships Wzx and Wzy.

EFFECT: expanded performances, higher accuracy.

9 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to geophysics, in particular to electromagnetic low-frequency devices for studying the upper part of the geological section of the VChR, monitoring and predicting the stress-strain state (VAT) of the rock mass. It can be used for revealing and contouring in profile surveys of local geoelectric heterogeneities (flooded troughs, karst cavities, landslide areas, areas of mine underworking, increased fracturing, intervals of weakened rocks, etc.). This invention can specifically be used in the organization of a monitoring network for operational control of VAT in the areas of gas transmission systems in areas of activation of dangerous geological technological processes. The results of such monitoring find practical application in an objective assessment and forecasting of the degree of risk, ensuring the safety of operation of critical gas facilities and timely management decisions.

A device for detecting local heterogeneities and geodynamic zones of the upper part of the geological section of the VChR, which is part of the device for searching and determining the boundaries of tectonic disturbances in the development of coal deposits, containing a receiving antenna connected to the sighting tube and the radio wave receiver mounted on a tripod, with a tripod equipped with a non-conductive rod, which is attached to the tripod with the possibility of rotation in its upper part, the receiving antenna is fixed in the lower part the boom through the universal joint, forming a freely suspended articulated pendulum (USSR Author's Certificate No. 1721242, E21C 41/18, publ. 23.03.1992).

The device also contains a transmitting antenna mounted on a second tripod, and the transmitting and receiving antennas are made frame. This device uses an active radio wave research method in which an electromagnetic wave is used to search for tectonic disturbances and other geological heterogeneities.

A limitation of this device is the great complexity of its use, especially with large areas of the investigated surface, and practically this device is difficult to use when monitoring for operational control of VAT in the areas of gas transmission systems in areas of activation of dangerous geological technological processes.

The closest is a device for detecting local heterogeneities and geodynamic zones of the upper part of the geological section of the VChR, containing two antennas arranged mutually orthogonally, one of which is oriented vertically, and connected to a receiving device (RF Patent for the invention No. 2328021, G01V 3/12, publ. 10.02.2008).

This device is also part of the device for geophysical research by the radio wave method. Antennas are made frame. The vertically oriented antenna in this device performs the function of a spatial orientation antenna (APO) and is not used directly in geophysical surveys.

The use of this device is time-consuming, due to the use of loop antennas it has large dimensions, the device has low accuracy and reliability of the results obtained, since measurements are not performed synchronously, but for a long time, by one antenna of the receiving device, oriented horizontally, and devices during field research it is necessary to transfer to different parts of the analyzed RF.

The problem solved by the invention is the improvement of technical and operational capabilities.

The technical result that can be obtained by carrying out the invention is to increase the accuracy, reliability and information content, expanding functional capabilities by real-time determination of local heterogeneities and geodynamic zones in the field of VChR and assessment of their energy.

To solve the problem with achieving the specified technical result in a known device for detecting local heterogeneities and geodynamic zones of the upper part of the geological section of the VChR, containing two antennas arranged mutually orthogonally, one of which is oriented vertically and connected to the receiving device, according to the invention, a processing device and a third antenna connected to the receiver and orthogonally to the two antennas, and the receiver your device is equipped with a transmitter, the output of which is connected to the input of the processing device and configured to transmit signals with data on mutually orthogonal components Hx, Hy, Hz of the density of the flux of the natural pulsed electromagnetic field of the Earth (EEMPZ) to the processing device, and the processing device is configured to calculate two the main complex amplitude magnetovariational frequency parameters - tippers Wzx (x, y) = Hz / Hx and Wzy (x, y) = Hz / Hy, determining the dependences Wzx = F (Δf) and Wzy = F (Δf), where Δf is the range received frequencies o orthogonal components Hx, Hy, Hz, from f ₀ to f and with the possibility of integrating the dependencies Wzx and Wzy to obtain their area

соответственно.

respectively.

Possible additional embodiments of the device, in which it is advisable that

- a cardan joint, a rod, a means of rotating the rod, the first, second and third antennas are connected via a vertical antenna to a cardan joint, which is connected to the means of rotation by the rod;

- was introduced theodolite pipe mounted on the means of rotation of the rod, and theodolite pipe made removable;

- a means was introduced to orient the vertical antenna vertically, which is made in the form of a circular level suspended on the longitudinal axis of the vertical antenna;

- a sheath was introduced, made radiotransparent and sealed in the shape of a sphere, and the first, second and third antennas are located in the shell;

- the first, second and third antennas were made of ferrite rods with coils placed on them.

It is also further advisable that

- each of the antennas was made of at least three ferrite rods with coils placed on each of them;

- an electrostatic screen was introduced, located around the coils;

- in the electrostatic screen was made at least one transverse clearance.

These advantages, as well as features of the invention are illustrated by the best option for its implementation with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure 1 depicts schematically the proposed device;

figure 2 is the same as figure 1, a functional diagram, one of the possible options;

3 is a schematic illustration of a transceiver, i.e. a part of the device designed to measure the mutually orthogonal components Hx, Hy, Hz of the flux density of the EEEMP;

figure 4 - arrangement of transceivers and reference station for the pipeline section;

figure 5 is the same as figure 1, for the investigated surface of a large area.

A device for detecting local heterogeneities and geodynamic zones of the upper part of the geological section of the VChR (figure 1) contains two antennas 1 and 2 located mutually orthogonal. One of the antennas, for example 1, is oriented vertically. Antennas 1 and 2 are connected to the receiver 3.

A processing device 4 and a third antenna 5 are introduced, connected to a receiving device 3 and located orthogonally to the two antennas 1 and 2. The receiving device 3 is equipped with a transmitter 6, the output of which is connected to the input of the processing device 4 and configured to transmit signals with data about the orthogonal components Hx, Hy, Hz of the flux density of the EEMPZ to the processing device 4.

The transmitter 6 can be performed in various ways and connected to the processing device 4, for example, cable communications, radio communications, satellite communications, etc. Figure 2 shows one of the possible functional schemes for communication with the processing device 4. Although there are many well-known schemes for transmitting information over various communication channels, differing both in circuitry solutions and in methods of transmitting information.

The processing device 4 (FIGS. 1, 2) is configured to calculate two main complex amplitude magnetovariational frequency parameters — tippers Wzx (x, y) = Hz / Hx and Wzy (x, y) = Hz / Hy, determining the dependence Wzx = F (Δf) and Wzy = F (Δf), where Δf is the range of received frequencies of mutually orthogonal components Hx, Hy, Hz, from f ₀ to f and with the possibility of integrating the dependencies Wzx and Wzy to obtain their area

и

соответственно.

and

respectively.

These calculations, the device 4 performs using the appropriate software.

A cardanic joint 7, a rod 8 (non-conductive), a means of rotating the rod 8 (for example, a thrust bearing) can be introduced into the inventive device (Fig. 3). The first, second and third antennas 1, 2 and 5, respectively, are connected via a vertical antenna 1 to a cardan joint 7, which is connected via a rod 8 to the means 9 of its rotation. Means 9 is a bearing assembly.

In addition, introduced theodolite pipe 10 mounted on the means 9 of the rotation of the rod 8, and theodolite pipe 10 is made removable.

In addition, it is advisable to introduce means 11 for orienting the vertical antenna 1 vertically. The tool 11 can be made in the form of a circular level suspended on the longitudinal axis of the vertical antenna 1.

It is advisable to enter into the device a shell 12 made of a transparent and sealed in the shape of a sphere, while the antenna node - the first, second and third antennas 1, 2, 5 are located inside the shell 12.

The first, second and third antennas 1, 2, 5 are expediently made of ferrite rods 13 with coils 14 placed on them.

Each of the antennas 1, 2, 5 is made of at least three ferrite rods with coils 14 placed on each of them (Fig. 3).

In addition, it is advisable to introduce into the device an electrostatic screen 15 located around the coils 14.

In the electrostatic screen 15, at least one lateral gap 16 can be made.

Figure 3 also shows the dielectric holder 17 of the antennas 1, 2 and 5; screw axles 18 with loads of counterweights 19; a tip 20 with a screw 21 for attaching the antenna unit to the universal joint 7; tripod parts 22; Alidad 23 of the horizontal circle of the theodolite pipe 10; detachable spline unit 24 of theodolite pipe 10; communication cable 25; moisture-proof coupling 26, receiver 27 (may not be available in versions), protective hopper 28 (may be absent when using a tripod 22).

The proposed device operates as follows.

Carry out the adjustment of the transceiver device A (figure 3).

When profile shooting tripod 22 are placed at a given point profiles. In this case, adjust the vertical antenna 1 strictly along the Z axis with weights of the balances 19 using the round level of the tool 11. Next, rotate the theodolite tube 10 around the vertical axis and observe through it the sight mark of the frame installed at the end of the profile, as well as using alidade 23 and regular microscrews theodolite, achieve the exact coincidence of the central risks of the theodolite pipe 10 with the vertical risk of the mark mark, achieving accuracy of sight no worse than ± 1 'and, thereby, they are strictly oriented in space a through the split slot unit 24 antenna 2 located on the x-axis.

To increase the operating frequency band (wide passband), each of the antennas 1, 2, 5 is made of at least three ferrite rods with coils 14 placed on each of them. The electrostatic screen 15 serves to additionally guide the flux density of the EEMPZ onto the coils 14 The implementation of the transverse clearance 16 in the electrostatic screen 15 enhances the guidance effect.

After setting up the entire transceiver A (figure 3) proceed with the measurements. The amplifiers (figure 2) amplify the signals taken from the coils 14 of the antennas 1, 2 and 5, which are fed to filters made tunable to scan the entire specified frequency range, for example from 1 to 200 kHz, which are transmitted to the transmitters for signal forwarding to the device 4 treatments. These signals through the transceiver and switch device 4 are fed to an analog-to-digital Converter, where they are converted to digital form. The controller is used to control the operation of peripheral equipment. Signal processing for finding the indicated values of mathematical expressions is carried out by a computer (laptop).

In addition, the processing device 4 can generate control signals that are transmitted from the computer through the controller to the digital-to-analog converter (DAC), and then through the switch and the transceiver of the device 4 are transmitted to the receiver (Fig. 2) of the transceiver A and through him to the control unit, which controls the restructuring of the filters and the operation of the transmitters for the 14 antennas 1, 2, 5 of the signals directed to the coils. It is possible to use various functional schemes of the transceiver device A and device 4, which are determined by the communication channels used and processing methods.

In practice, the device operates as follows.

On the profile or site of research (Figs. 4, 5), transceivers A are permanently installed, measuring the fields of electromagnetic emission of the geodynamic nature of the EEEMP. For ease of reading the drawing, FIG. 5 shows the connection of the transceiver devices A with the processing device 4 only for the extreme magnetovariational stations of each row. The same type of transceiver A, the reference station (s) B is placed on a surface area known to be free of geodynamic geoelectric inhomogeneities to compensate for the influence of model and instrumental interference, normalization of the measurement results by the processing device 4. As already noted, the inputs / outputs of the transceiver devices A can be connected to the inputs / outputs of the processing device 4. cable, radio or satellite, etc.

Since the magnetic sensors of the transceivers A are three antennas with a narrowly directed radiation pattern, the shape of which depends on the anisotropy of the rocks, the antenna located along the X axis for all transceivers A is sighted in space with the theodolite tube 10 with an accuracy of no worse than 1 minutes strictly in one direction, for example, along the axes of the preferential orientation of the tectonic elements, or along the axis of the main pipeline. Any other methods of sighting antennas when studying the HFR with an electromagnetic emission field (eye, using a compass, compass, etc.) are incorrect, since the accuracy of sighting of more than 1 ° entails a measurement error of up to 50% or more.

Then, at the jth time moment, on the network of points of the i-th profile or monitoring, where the transceivers A are installed, synchronous, simultaneous measurements of the three components of the magnetic field Hx, Hy, Hz by the transceivers A and the reference station B c are carried out the interval of recorded frequencies Δf = 1 ÷ 200 kHz. Compensate the influence of model and instrumental interference by the processing device 4 using the measured Hx, Hy, Hz from the reference station B to extract useful signals.

The processing device 4 is a server that calculates two main complex amplitude magnetovariational frequency parameters-tippers Wzx (x, y) = Hz / Hx and Wzy (x, y) = Hz / Hy, Vize-Parkinson vectors, which are found from the relation between the vertical component Hz of the magnetic field and its horizontal components Hx and Hy. Next, we plot the frequency parameters-tippers Wzx = F (Δf) and Wzy = F (Δf) of the field, connecting the spectra of its various components at the same or different points and being in the frequency domain as the primary data to be interpreted.

The processing device 4 further determines by integrating in the frequency spectrum from 1 to 200 kHz the complex quantities — the areas S ₁ and S ₂ , which are the frequency characteristics of the geoelectric conditions at the i-th point for the j-th time point and provide a complete description of the geological environment, its layered structure and abnormal zones. The behavior of the tippers Wzx and Wzy and the complex parameters S ₁ and S ₂ are used to judge the forms, properties, structure, intensity and location of local inhomogeneities and geodynamic zones of high frequency.

When studying the geodynamic zones of the VChR, on the basis of the graphs of the frequency dependences of the tippers Wzx and Wzy, isoline maps are constructed for the j-th points of time and the delay time Δt of the changes in the amplitudes of the signals from different i-points of the monitoring network with respect to the signals of the reference stations; acceleration α ~ 1 / s ² (development-attenuation of the geodynamic process), which significantly increases the reliability of the forecast of activation of dangerous geological processes.

To increase the reliability of the results of studying HFR, field measurements and their interpretation are carried out simultaneously using the software installed in the processing device 4, which controls the receiving and transmitting devices A, reference stations B, collecting, transmitting information via GSM or satellite radio channels, storing information, processing it and displaying the server in real time.

The most successfully declared device for monitoring local heterogeneities and geodynamic zones of the upper part of the geological section of the VChR is industrially applicable for detecting and contouring during profile surveying of geoelectric local inhomogeneities and for operational monitoring of VAT in the areas of gas transmission systems in areas of activation of dangerous geological technological processes.

Claims (9)

1. A device for detecting local heterogeneities and geodynamic zones of the upper part of the geological section of the VChR, containing two antennas arranged mutually orthogonally, one of which is oriented vertically, and connected to a receiving device, characterized in that a processing device and a third antenna are connected to the receiving the device and located orthogonally to the two antennas, and the receiving device is equipped with a transmitter, the output of which is connected to the input of the processing device, m with the possibility of transmitting signals with data on mutually orthogonal components Hx, Hy, Hz of the density of the flux of the natural pulsed electromagnetic field of the Earth to the processing device, and the processing device is configured to calculate two main complex amplitude magnetovariational frequency parameters - tippers Wzx (x, y) = Hz / Hx and Wzy (x, y) = Hz / Hy, determining the dependencies Wzx = F (Δf) and Wzy = F (Δf), where Δf is the range of received frequencies of the mutually orthogonal components Hx, Hy, Hz, from f ₀ to f and with the ability to integrate the Wzx and Wzy dependencies for the floor of their area

and

respectively. 2. The device of claim 1, characterized in that the universal joint, the rod, the means for rotating the rod, the first, second and third antennas are connected via a vertical antenna to the universal joint, which is connected to the means of rotation by means of the rod. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the theodolite pipe installed on the means of rotation of the rod, and the theodolite pipe is removable. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the means for orienting the vertical antenna vertically is introduced, which is made in the form of a circular level suspended on the longitudinal axis of the vertical antenna. 5. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the shell is introduced, made radiotransparent and sealed in the shape of a sphere, and the first, second and third antennas are located in the shell. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first, second and third antennas are made of ferrite rods with coils placed on them. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that each of the antennas is made of at least three ferrite rods, with coils placed on each of them. 8. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the introduced electrostatic screen located around the coils. 9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that at least one transverse clearance is made in the electrostatic screen.

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