JPH0719695B2 - Monostable electromagnet - Google Patents

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a monostable electromagnet applied to an electromagnetic contactor for opening and closing a three-phase motor, an electromagnetic relay, or the like.

[Conventional technology]

As a conventional monostable electromagnet of this type, a so-called non-polar type electromagnet, which does not include a permanent magnet in a magnetic circuit, such as a clapper type electromagnet, is generally used. Although this non-polar type electromagnet is low in cost, only the magnetic flux generated by the coil can be used for the driving force of the armature, so it was necessary to increase the power consumption to obtain a certain attractive force width.

On the other hand, in recent years, there has been proposed a polar electromagnet device in which a permanent magnet is included in a magnet circuit in order to reduce the power consumption of the electromagnet (for example, Japanese Patent Publication No. 62-17333 and Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-10327).
No., special table 01-502705).

In the monostable electromagnet of Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 62-17333, since the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet can also be used for the driving force of the armature, it is possible to reduce the power consumption compared to the non-polar type when obtaining a certain attractive force width. However, since it is a bistable electromagnet structure, it is not suitable for a biased spring load such as a general electromagnetic contactor.

In addition, the monostable electromagnet of Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 58-10327 has an intermediate characteristic between the non-polar type and the polar type of the conventional example, that is, it has low power consumption because it is polar, and is asymmetrical unlike the conventional example. Since it is a magnetic circuit, it has characteristics suitable for biased spring loads. However, since the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet creates an open loop on the return side of the armature, the force in the return direction becomes extremely large, and therefore the spring (operating spring that biases the armature toward the operating side in matching with the spring load). ) Was required.

Further, the electromagnet of the electromagnetic switching device of Japanese Patent Publication No. 01-502705 is, like the monostable electromagnet, an intermediate property between a non-polar type and a polar type, that is, it has low power consumption because it is polar, and is asymmetric. Since it is a magnetic circuit of, it has characteristics suitable for biased spring load. Furthermore, on the return side of the armature, all the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet flows through the yoke, so there is no force in the return direction, so There was also no drawback such as the need for a spring (operating spring) for urging the armature toward the operating side in the above alignment.

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

However, in this electromagnet, all the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet flows to the yoke at the armature return position, so the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet cannot be used for the attraction force in the armature movement direction, so the armature return position when the coil is excited There was a drawback that the suction power at was small.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to apply a biased spring load without the need for an operating spring, and to use a highly efficient polarized monostable electromagnet that can utilize the attraction force in the operating direction by the permanent magnet at the armature return position. Is to provide.

[Means for Solving the Problems]

The monostable electromagnet according to claim (1) has a yoke having a first magnetic coupling portion and a magnetic pole portion, and a second magnetic coupling portion magnetically coupled to the first magnetic coupling portion, and is in contact with the magnetic pole portion. At least one of an armature having a contacting / separating portion that separates from each other, between the first magnetic coupling portion of the yoke and the magnetic pole portion, and between the second magnetic coupling portion of the armature and the contacting / separating portion. A permanent magnet with a magnetic pole coupled to one side,
And a coil wound around at least one of the yoke and the armature.

The monostable electromagnet according to claim (2) is the monostable electromagnet according to claim (1), wherein the second magnetic coupling portion of the armature is pivotally supported by the first magnetic coupling portion.

A monostable electromagnet according to a third aspect of the present invention is the monostable electromagnet according to the first aspect, wherein the second magnetic coupling portion of the armature is slidably provided on the first magnetic coupling portion.

[Action]

According to the monostable electromagnet of claim (1), when the coil is excited, the contacting / separating portion of the armature is attracted to the magnetic pole portion of the yoke. In this case, in the operating position of the armature, the magnetic flux generated by the excitation of the coil does not include the permanent magnet, and a closed magnetic circuit can be formed by the yoke and the armature. Further, the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet forms a closed magnetic circuit by the yoke and the armature, and the magnetic flux generated by the permanent magnet is superposed on the magnetic flux by the coil, so that the attractive force of the armature can be increased and the power consumption can be reduced.

On the other hand, even at the armature return position, since the first magnetic coupling portion and the second magnetic coupling portion are magnetically coupled, a part of the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet flows between the contacting / separating portion and the magnetic pole portion, and the Although it is magnetic coupling, it works to attract the armature to the operating side, and it is possible to achieve high efficiency without the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet acting in the armature return direction, and because it can be superimposed on the magnetic flux when the coil is excited, the armature can be returned. The attraction force at the position can be increased, and the attraction force characteristic that is easily matched with the biased spring load of the electromagnetic contactor, the electromagnetic relay, etc. can be obtained without the need for a conventional operation spring.

According to the monostable electromagnet of claim (2), since the second magnetic coupling portion of the armature is pivotally supported by the first magnetic coupling portion, the armature oscillates to achieve the same action as described above. To do.

According to the monostable electromagnet of the third aspect, since the second magnetic coupling portion of the armature is slidably provided on the first magnetic coupling portion, the stroke of the armature can be increased.

〔Example〕

A first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. That is, this monostable electromagnet is composed of the yoke 1
, A coil 2, an armature 3 and a permanent magnet 4.

The yoke 1 has a first magnetic coupling portion 6 and a magnetic pole portion 8.
In the embodiment, a flat plate is bent into a substantially U shape.

The coil 2 is wound around a piece of the yoke 1.

The armature 3 has a second magnetic coupling portion 5 that is magnetically coupled to the first magnetic coupling portion 6 and a contacting / separating portion 7 that is in contact with and separated from the magnetic pole portion 8. The armature 3 of the embodiment is formed of a flat plate, and the second magnetic coupling portion 5 is pivotally supported by the first magnetic coupling portion 6. The contact / separation part 7 is attracted to the magnetic pole part 8 of the yoke 1 by the excitation of the coil 2. During non-excitation, the armature 3 returns to the return position where the contacting / separating portion 7 is separated from the magnetic pole portion 8 by a return spring (not shown) or the like. A known hinge means is applied to the pivotal support means of the second magnetic coupling portion 5.

The permanent magnet 4 is composed of the first magnetic coupling portion 6 and the magnetic pole portion 8 of the yoke 1.
It is provided between and. N and S are magnetic poles. In the embodiment, the permanent magnet 4 is directly fixed between the first magnetic coupling portion 6 and the magnetic pole portion 8.

According to this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), in the return state of the electromagnet, almost all the magnetic flux flows as the magnetic flux Φ1 through the yoke 1 due to the magnetizing force of the permanent magnet 4, causing the armature 3 to return in the return direction. The force to suck into does not work,
A part of the magnetic flux Φ2 of the permanent magnet 4 flows through the yoke 1 and the armature 3 and acts to attract the armature 3 to the operating side although the magnetic circuit is a coarse coupling. Therefore, since the force that attracts the armature 3 in the return direction does not act,
It can be applied to a biased spring load without the need for a conventional operating spring. Further, the force of attracting the armature 3 to the operating side by the magnetic flux Φ2 always works even in the non-excited state of the coil 2, so that when it is applied to an electromagnetic contactor or an electromagnetic relay, the drive part of the electromagnet and the movable part of the contact part (movable frame). , Cards, etc.) and stable connection can be achieved without forming a gap, so stable characteristics (operating voltage, mechanical life, etc.) can be obtained.

Then, when the coil 2 is excited, the magnetic flux Φ3 generated by the excitation of the coil 2 is configured to flow in the opposite direction to the above-mentioned magnetic flux Φ1 as shown in FIG. Since the magnetic flux Φ2 that is generated is superimposed on the magnetic flux Φ3 that is generated by the excitation of the coil 2, the attraction force at the return position of the armature 3 can be increased. In particular, this effect can be greatly obtained when a magnet having a large energy such as a rare earth magnet is used as the permanent magnet 4.

Next, the armature 3 swings around the first magnetic coupling section 6 as a fulcrum, and the contacting / separating section 7 is attracted to the magnetic pole section 8. As shown in FIG. 3 (b), at the operating position of the armature 3, the magnetic flux Φ3 generated by the excitation of the coil 2 is configured so as to flow in the opposite direction to the above-mentioned magnetic flux Φ1,
The yoke 1 and the armature 3 without the permanent magnet 4
And a magnetic flux Φ2 generated by the permanent magnet 4 forms a closed magnetic path through the yoke 1 and the armature 3, and a magnetic flux Φ generated by the permanent magnet 4
2 is superposed on the magnetic flux Φ3 generated by the excitation of the coil 2. Therefore, as the magnetomotive force of the coil 2 increases, the attractive force generated between the yoke 1 and the armature 3 increases, while the magnetic flux Φ2 of the permanent magnet 4 increases the attractive force of the coil 2 toward the operating side. Power consumption can be reduced.

On the other hand, when the current flowing through the coil 2 is cut off (the coil 2 is in the non-excited state), the armature 3 returns to the state shown in FIG. 3 (a) by a return spring (not shown).

As another effect, the magnetic flux Φ2 of the permanent magnet 4 works in addition to the magnetic flux Φ3 of the coil 2 during operation, and the magnetic flux Φ1 of the permanent magnet 4 changes to the magnetic flux Φ1 of the coil 2 when returning (when the excitation of the coil 2 is lost). Since it works to reduce Φ3, special table 01-
Similar to the electromagnet of the electromagnetic switching device of No. 502705, a short operating time and a short recovery time (short switching time) of the armature 3 can be obtained.

Moreover, in this embodiment, by disposing the permanent magnet 4 in the gap between the first magnetic coupling portion 6 of the yoke 1 and the magnetic pole portion 8, the magnetic flux Φ2 obtained from the permanent magnet 4 can be increased and the attractive force can be increased. Therefore, the power consumption can be further reduced.

Further, by directly contacting the second magnetic coupling portion 5 of the armature 3 with the first magnetic coupling portion 6 of the yoke 1, the magnetic coupling between the armature 3 and the yoke 1 at the returning position of the armature 3 is improved, and the coil The magnetic flux Φ3 due to the excitation of 2 can be increased, the attraction force of the armature 3 can be increased, and the power consumption can be reduced.

A second embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. That is, in this monostable electromagnet, the contact portion between the magnetic pole portion 8 and the permanent magnet 4 is enlarged by bending the magnetic pole portion 8 of the yoke 1 inward, and the other points are the same as in the first embodiment.

By bending the magnetic pole portion 8 of the yoke 1 and enlarging the contact portion between the magnetic pole portion 8 and the permanent magnet 4, the magnetic coupling between the magnetic pole portion 8 and the permanent magnet 4 is improved, and the permanent magnet 4 can be enlarged.
Since the magnetic fluxes Φ1 and Φ2 can be increased, the attractive force can be further increased.

A third embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. That is, in this monostable electromagnet, the yoke 1 is formed by punching out a flat plate into a substantially U shape, the armature 3 is opposed to the plate surface, and one permanent magnet 4 is attached to the first magnetic coupling portion of the yoke 1. It is fixed in the space between 6 and the magnetic pole portion 8. Others are the same as those in the first embodiment.

A flat plate is punched into a substantially U shape to form a yoke 1,
By making the armature 3 face the plate surface as it is, it is possible to make a thin electromagnet as compared with the first and second embodiments.

A fourth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. That is, in this monostable electromagnet, the second magnetic coupling portion 5 of the armature 3 is slidably provided on the first magnetic coupling portion 6. That is, the yoke 1 is formed in a substantially Y-shape, the central piece serves as the first magnetic coupling portion 6, both pieces serve as the magnetic pole portions 8, and the pair of permanent magnets 4 includes the first magnetic coupling portion 6 and the magnetic pole portion 8. And a hole 5a is provided in the second magnetic coupling portion 5 of the armature 3 so as to be slidably fitted in the first magnetic coupling portion 6 of the yoke 1 so that both ends of the armature 3 are connected. The separated portion 7 is opposed to the magnetic pole portion 8 of the yoke 1. Armature 3
The solid line is the operating state, and the imaginary line is the returning state. Others are the same as those in the first embodiment.

By making the armature 3 slidable, the first
The electromagnet having a larger stroke of the armature 3 can be used as compared with the above-mentioned embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment.

The yoke 1 may be formed by punching flat plates into a substantially Y-shape and stacking them. Further, it may be formed into a substantially Y-shaped bent shape by caulking the substantially U-shaped yoke and the rod-shaped or plate-shaped yoke.

A fifth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
That is, this monostable electromagnet is composed of a U-shaped fixed portion 1a formed by bending a flat plate of a yoke 1 and a movable portion 1b slidably penetrating a through portion 1c of a central piece thereof. The magnetic pole portion 8 is used, and the end of the movable portion 1b is used as the first magnetic coupling portion 6. The permanent magnet 4 is arranged between the magnetic pole portion 8 and the first magnetic coupling portion 6, and slidably supports the movable portion 1b on the magnetic pole S side. In the armature 3, the second magnetic coupling portion 5 at the central portion is integrally connected to the first magnetic coupling portion 6, and the contacting / separating portions 7 at both ends face the magnetic pole portion 8, respectively. The coil 2 is wound around the movable portion 1b. Others are the same as those in the first embodiment.

According to this embodiment, since the armature 3 slides, an electromagnet having a large stroke can be obtained. Moreover, since the movable portion 1b is slidably supported at the two locations of the permanent magnet 4 and the penetrating portion 1c, it is possible to obtain a more stable sliding motion than in the fourth embodiment.

The penetrating portion 1c is magnetically coupled with a magnetic ring or the like.

A sixth embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. That is, in this monostable electromagnet, in the first embodiment, the permanent magnet 4 is provided at a position close to the central portion between the first magnetic coupling portion 6 and the magnetic pole portion 8 of the yoke 1.

In the present invention, the yoke 1 is formed by bending a single component into a substantially U-shape as in the first embodiment, but a plurality of components can be formed, for example, by caulking an L-shaped yoke and a rod-shaped or plate-shaped yoke. You may comprise by.

Further, although the magnetic pole S of the permanent magnet 4 is magnetically coupled to the first magnetic coupling portion 6 of the yoke 1, the opposite magnetic pole N may be magnetically coupled.

Although the permanent magnet 4 is directly fixed to the yoke 1,
The yoke 1 may be fixed in the gap between the first magnetic coupling portion 6 and the magnetic pole portion 8 by a case (not shown) for winding the coil 2 or the like. Further, a plurality of permanent magnets 4 may be arranged side by side.

Furthermore, in the first to third embodiments,
The permanent magnet 4 is connected to the first magnetic coupling portion 6 and the magnetic pole portion 8 of the yoke 1.
However, it may be provided between the second magnetic coupling portion 5 and the contact / separation portion 7 of the armature 3 or both. Although the second magnetic coupling portion 5 of the armature 3 is pivotally supported so as to be in direct contact with the first magnetic coupling portion 6 of the yoke 1, the first magnetic coupling portion 6 of the yoke 1 and the permanent magnet 4 are also supported.
May be pivotally supported by a pivoting means in the vicinity of the junction with the magnetic pole or on the side of the magnetic pole S of the permanent magnet 4 of the first magnetic coupling portion 6 of the yoke 1.

Although the coil 2 is provided on the yoke 1 in the embodiment, it may be provided on the armature 3 or both of them.

〔The invention's effect〕

In the monostable electromagnet according to claim (1), a permanent magnet is provided in at least one of the first magnetic coupling portion of the yoke and the magnetic pole portion and between the second magnetic coupling portion of the armature and the contact / separation portion. Since the coil is wound around at least one of the yoke and armature, it can be applied to a biased spring load without the need for an operating spring, and the attraction force in the operating direction of the permanent magnet can be used at the armature return position. There is an effect that the efficiency can be increased.

In the monostable electromagnet according to claim (2), since the second magnetic coupling portion of the armature is pivotally supported by the first magnetic coupling portion,
By swinging the armature, the same effect as described above is obtained.

In the monostable electromagnet according to claim (3), since the second magnetic coupling portion of the armature is slidably provided on the first magnetic coupling portion, the stroke of the armature can be increased.

[Brief description of drawings]

1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view thereof, FIG. 3 is an explanatory view of an operating state, FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the second embodiment, and FIG. The figure is a perspective view of the third embodiment,
FIG. 6 is a front view of the fourth embodiment, FIG. 7 is a front view of the fifth embodiment, FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of its operating state, and FIG. 9 is a side view of the sixth embodiment. is there. 1 ... York, 2 ... Coil, 3 ... Armature, 4
...... Permanent magnet, 5 ...... Second magnetic coupling section, 6 ...... First magnetic coupling section, 7 ...... Contact section, 8 ...... Magnetic pole section

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A yoke having a first magnetic coupling portion and a magnetic pole portion, a second magnetic coupling portion magnetically coupled to the first magnetic coupling portion, and a contacting / separating portion contacting / separating from the magnetic pole portion. A permanent magnet that is magnetically coupled to the armature, and to at least one of the first magnetic coupling portion and the magnetic pole portion of the yoke, and between the second magnetic coupling portion and the contacting and spacing portion of the armature. A monostable electromagnet comprising a magnet and a coil wound around at least one of the yoke and the armature. 2. The monostable electromagnet according to claim 1, wherein the second magnetic coupling portion of the armature is pivotally supported by the first magnetic coupling portion. 3. The monostable electromagnet according to claim 1, wherein the second magnetic coupling portion of the armature is slidably provided on the first magnetic coupling portion.