JP2008189540A - Oxygen permeable membrane and system for generating hydrogen - Google Patents
Oxygen permeable membrane and system for generating hydrogen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2008189540A JP2008189540A JP2007210940A JP2007210940A JP2008189540A JP 2008189540 A JP2008189540 A JP 2008189540A JP 2007210940 A JP2007210940 A JP 2007210940A JP 2007210940 A JP2007210940 A JP 2007210940A JP 2008189540 A JP2008189540 A JP 2008189540A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- oxygen permeable
- oxygen
- permeable membrane
- catalyst
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 246
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 246
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 241
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 132
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[La+3].[La+3] MRELNEQAGSRDBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 abstract description 55
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 55
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 29
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 28
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 56
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 49
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 46
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 39
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 25
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 22
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 15
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N palladium Substances [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Ce+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O HSJPMRKMPBAUAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000011533 mixed conductor Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 8
- KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel(ii) nitrate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O KBJMLQFLOWQJNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010416 ion conductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910021193 La 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- -1 oxygen ion Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003426 co-catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethyl ether Chemical compound COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K ruthenium(iii) chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Ru+3] YBCAZPLXEGKKFM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K trichloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)Cl DANYXEHCMQHDNX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ceric oxide Chemical compound O=[Ce]=O CETPSERCERDGAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000422 cerium(IV) oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008119 colloidal silica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002845 discoloration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000640 hydroxylating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [La+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYDKNKUEBJQCCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L palladium(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Pd]Cl PIBWKRNGBLPSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005504 petroleum refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- YWECOPREQNXXBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Pr+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O YWECOPREQNXXBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium(3+);trinitrate Chemical compound [Rh+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O VXNYVYJABGOSBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003566 sealing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007613 slurry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- CALMYRPSSNRCFD-UHFFFAOYSA-J tetrachloroiridium Chemical compound Cl[Ir](Cl)(Cl)Cl CALMYRPSSNRCFD-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/50—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals
- Y02P20/52—Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts
Landscapes
- Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、酸素透過膜及び水素発生装置に関する。 The present invention relates to an oxygen permeable membrane and a hydrogen generator.
水素は、石油精製、アンモニア合成、メタノール合成等に使用される化学工業の基幹原料である。また、近年では、水素を燃料とする燃料電池が、エネルギーの利用効率が高く、しかも有害物質を殆ど排出しない点で、省エネルギーや環境保護の観点から注目されている。そのため、水素の需要は年々大きくなっており、このような要求に応えるべく、水素を効率よく製造するための方法が検討されている。 Hydrogen is a key raw material of the chemical industry used for petroleum refining, ammonia synthesis, methanol synthesis and the like. In recent years, fuel cells using hydrogen as a fuel have attracted attention from the viewpoints of energy saving and environmental protection because they have high energy use efficiency and emit almost no harmful substances. Therefore, the demand for hydrogen is increasing year by year, and methods for efficiently producing hydrogen are being studied in order to meet such demands.
水素の製造方法の一つとして、燃料である天然ガス中の炭化水素(例えば、メタン)の酸化を部分的に生じさせて水素を発生させる部分酸化改質反応が知られている。この方法は、発熱反応であるためエネルギー効率が良く、起動時間も短いといった利点を有することから、水素の生成に関しては効率の良い方法であると言える。しかし、この部分酸化改質反応においては、高濃度の水素を得るために、純度の高い酸素を用いる必要がある。そのため、高純度の酸素を準備するための複雑な工程が必要であり、またそのためにコストが高くなる等、酸素を準備する段階に改良の余地があった。 As one method for producing hydrogen, there is known a partial oxidation reforming reaction in which hydrogen is generated by partially generating oxidation of a hydrocarbon (for example, methane) in natural gas as a fuel. Since this method is an exothermic reaction and has the advantages of high energy efficiency and short start-up time, it can be said that it is an efficient method for generating hydrogen. However, in this partial oxidation reforming reaction, it is necessary to use high-purity oxygen in order to obtain a high concentration of hydrogen. Therefore, a complicated process for preparing high-purity oxygen is necessary, and there is room for improvement in the stage of preparing oxygen, for example, the cost increases.
このような状況下、下記特許文献1には、酸素イオン伝導(導電)相がガドリニウム添加セリウム酸化物からなり、電子伝導相がスピネル型Fe複合酸化物からなる複合体型混合伝導体が開示されている。この複合型混合伝導体は、酸素イオンと電子を同時に移動させることによって空気から酸素を分離する酸素透過膜として機能するため、これを用いることで部分酸化改質反応に用いる酸素を容易に製造することが可能となる。
酸素透過膜は、部分酸化改質反応に用いられる酸素を供給するために適用される場合、反応で生じる高濃度の水素によって強い還元雰囲気に曝されることになる。ところが、上述したような複合型混合伝導体を構成している金属酸化物は、部分酸化改質反応による強い還元雰囲気下で還元され易いものである。このような金属酸化物の還元が生じると、酸素イオンや電子の伝導が円滑に進行しなくなるため、複合型混合伝導体からなる酸素透過膜は、空気から酸素を分離して取り出す性質(酸素透過性)が低下する傾向にある。したがって、上記従来の複合型混合伝導体からなる酸素透過膜は、特に部分酸化改質反応に用いると、酸素透過性が十分に得られない場合があった。 When the oxygen permeable membrane is applied to supply oxygen used in the partial oxidation reforming reaction, the oxygen permeable membrane is exposed to a strong reducing atmosphere by a high concentration of hydrogen generated in the reaction. However, the metal oxide constituting the composite mixed conductor as described above is easily reduced in a strong reducing atmosphere by the partial oxidation reforming reaction. When such reduction of the metal oxide occurs, the conduction of oxygen ions and electrons does not proceed smoothly. Therefore, the oxygen permeable membrane made of a composite mixed conductor has the property of separating and extracting oxygen from the air (oxygen permeation). Tend to decrease. Therefore, the oxygen permeable membrane made of the above-described conventional composite type mixed conductor may not have sufficient oxygen permeability, particularly when used in a partial oxidation reforming reaction.
そこで、本発明はこのような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、部分酸化改質反応に用いても高い酸素透過性を得ることができる酸素透過膜、及び、これを用いた水素発生装置を提供することを目的とする。 Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an oxygen permeable membrane capable of obtaining high oxygen permeability even when used in a partial oxidation reforming reaction, and a hydrogen generator using the same The purpose is to provide.
部分酸化改質反応は、Niを主成分とする触媒(改質触媒)を用いることによって大幅に促進されることが知られている。この場合、Niは還元状態にある方がより高い活性を示すことができるため、Niとともに少量の貴金属を用いることによって、Niを還元状態にしてその高活性を維持する方法も知られている。本発明者らは、これらの知見に基づいて、酸素透過膜に触媒を組み合わせることを試みたところ、かかる組み合わせによって部分酸化改質反応は促進されるものの、酸素透過膜の酸素透過性については低下する場合があることが判明した。 It is known that the partial oxidation reforming reaction is greatly accelerated by using a catalyst containing Ni as a main component (reforming catalyst). In this case, since Ni can exhibit higher activity when it is in a reduced state, a method is also known in which Ni is reduced to maintain its high activity by using a small amount of noble metal together with Ni. Based on these findings, the present inventors tried to combine a catalyst with an oxygen permeable membrane, and this combination promoted the partial oxidation reforming reaction but reduced the oxygen permeability of the oxygen permeable membrane. It turns out that there is a case.
そこで、本発明者らは、酸素透過膜及び触媒について更に検討を進めたところ、Niとともに用いる貴金属として特定の組み合わせを用いると、部分酸化改質反応を促進しながら、酸素透過膜による酸素透過性の低下を大幅に抑制することが可能となることを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。 Therefore, the present inventors have further investigated the oxygen permeable membrane and the catalyst. When a specific combination is used as a noble metal used together with Ni, the oxygen permeability by the oxygen permeable membrane is promoted while promoting the partial oxidation reforming reaction. The inventors have found that it is possible to significantly suppress the decrease in the number of turns, and have completed the present invention.
すなわち、本発明の酸素透過膜は、酸素透過層と、この酸素透過層に接して設けられた触媒層とを備え、触媒層は、担体及びこの担体に付着した触媒から構成されており、且つ、触媒として、Ni、並びに、Ru、Ir及びPdのうちの少なくとも1種を含有するものであることを特徴とする。 That is, the oxygen permeable membrane of the present invention includes an oxygen permeable layer and a catalyst layer provided in contact with the oxygen permeable layer, and the catalyst layer includes a carrier and a catalyst attached to the carrier, and The catalyst contains Ni and at least one of Ru, Ir and Pd.
上記構成を有する酸素透過膜は、従来の酸素透過膜に対応する酸素透過層の表面に触媒層が形成された構成を有している。この触媒層は、Niと、Ru、Ir又はPdという特定の貴金属とを組み合わせて含有していることから、本発明の酸素透過膜を用いた部分酸化改質反応を促進しながら、酸素透過性の低下を大幅に抑制することができる。かかる要因については必ずしも明らかではないものの、従来、Niとともに用いられてきたRhやPt等の貴金属は、Niとともに酸素透過層(酸素透過膜)の還元を促進し易い傾向にあったのに対し、貴金属のなかでもRu、Ir又はPdは、Niと組み合わせた場合に、Niの還元を促進しながら、酸素透過層の還元は抑制することができるためであると考えられる。 The oxygen permeable membrane having the above configuration has a configuration in which a catalyst layer is formed on the surface of an oxygen permeable layer corresponding to a conventional oxygen permeable membrane. Since this catalyst layer contains a combination of Ni and a specific noble metal such as Ru, Ir or Pd, it promotes the partial oxidation reforming reaction using the oxygen permeable membrane of the present invention, while maintaining oxygen permeability. Can be greatly suppressed. Although such a factor is not necessarily clear, noble metals such as Rh and Pt that have been used together with Ni tend to promote reduction of the oxygen permeable layer (oxygen permeable film) together with Ni, whereas Among precious metals, it is considered that Ru, Ir or Pd can suppress the reduction of the oxygen permeable layer while promoting the reduction of Ni when combined with Ni.
上記本発明の酸素透過膜において、触媒層は、担体に付着したセリウム酸化物(例えばCe2O3)、プラセオジム酸化物(例えばPr2O3)及びランタン酸化物(例えばLa2O3)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の酸化物を更に含有すると好ましい。これらの酸化物は、Niや貴金属の触媒の助触媒として機能することができる。したがって、これらの酸化物を更に含むことで、部分酸化改質反応を一層促進することができる。 In the oxygen permeable membrane of the present invention, the catalyst layer is made of cerium oxide (for example, Ce 2 O 3 ), praseodymium oxide (for example, Pr 2 O 3 ), and lanthanum oxide (for example, La 2 O 3 ) attached to the carrier. It is preferable to further contain at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of These oxides can function as promoters for Ni and noble metal catalysts. Therefore, the partial oxidation reforming reaction can be further promoted by further including these oxides.
また、従来、触媒を用いて部分酸化改質反応を行う場合は、水素の発生とは別に、例えば炭化水素の脱水素縮合等の副反応が生じて炭素が析出し、この析出炭素が触媒表面を覆って触媒の活性や酸素透過膜による酸素透過性を低下させてしまう場合があった。これに対し、上述した酸化物を助触媒として併用すると、このような炭素の析出を大幅に低減することが可能となる。したがって、触媒層に上記酸化物を更に含む本発明の酸素透過膜は、酸素透過性を良好に維持しながら、長期にわたって部分酸化改質反応を良好に促進することができるようになる。 Conventionally, when a partial oxidation reforming reaction is performed using a catalyst, a side reaction such as dehydrocondensation of hydrocarbon occurs, for example, in addition to the generation of hydrogen, and carbon is precipitated, and this precipitated carbon is In some cases, the activity of the catalyst and the oxygen permeability of the oxygen permeable membrane are lowered. On the other hand, when the above-described oxide is used as a cocatalyst, it is possible to significantly reduce such carbon deposition. Therefore, the oxygen permeable membrane of the present invention further including the oxide in the catalyst layer can favorably promote the partial oxidation reforming reaction over a long period of time while maintaining good oxygen permeability.
さらに、本発明の酸素透過膜の触媒層を構成する担体は、シリカからなるものであると好ましい。シリカ(SiO2)からなる担体に上記の触媒を組み合わせると、上述した炭素の析出が一層良好に抑制されるようになる。その結果、本発明の酸素透過膜は、より良好に部分酸化改質反応を促進することが可能となる。 Furthermore, the carrier constituting the catalyst layer of the oxygen permeable membrane of the present invention is preferably made of silica. When the above catalyst is combined with a support made of silica (SiO 2 ), the above-described carbon deposition is more effectively suppressed. As a result, the oxygen permeable membrane of the present invention can better promote the partial oxidation reforming reaction.
また、本発明による水素発生装置は、酸素を含む気体が供給される供給室、炭化水素構造を有する燃料化合物を含む気体が供給される反応室、及び、供給室と反応室とを区画する酸素透過膜を備え、酸素透過膜は、上記本発明の酸素透過膜であり、反応室は、酸素透過膜の触媒層側に位置しており、当該反応室において、炭化水素と供給室から酸素透過膜を透過した酸素との反応により水素を含む気体を生じさせるものであることを特徴とする。 Further, the hydrogen generator according to the present invention includes a supply chamber to which a gas containing oxygen is supplied, a reaction chamber to which a gas containing a fuel compound having a hydrocarbon structure is supplied, and oxygen that partitions the supply chamber and the reaction chamber The oxygen permeable membrane is the oxygen permeable membrane of the present invention, and the reaction chamber is located on the catalyst layer side of the oxygen permeable membrane. In the reaction chamber, the oxygen permeable membrane is permeable to oxygen from the hydrocarbon and the supply chamber. A gas containing hydrogen is generated by a reaction with oxygen that has permeated through the membrane.
このような構成を有する本発明の水素発生装置は、上記本発明の酸素透過膜の触媒層側で、炭化水素と酸素透過膜を透過した酸素との部分酸化改質反応を生じさせ、これによって水素を発生させるものである。したがって、この水素発生装置によれば、酸素透過膜の酸素透過性の低下が少なく、また、酸素透過膜の触媒層によって部分酸化改質反応が良好に生じ得るため、効率のよい水素製造が可能となる。 The hydrogen generator of the present invention having such a configuration causes a partial oxidation reforming reaction between hydrocarbon and oxygen permeated through the oxygen permeable membrane on the catalyst layer side of the oxygen permeable membrane of the present invention. It generates hydrogen. Therefore, according to this hydrogen generator, since the oxygen permeability of the oxygen permeable membrane is less deteriorated, and the partial oxidation reforming reaction can be favorably caused by the catalyst layer of the oxygen permeable membrane, efficient hydrogen production is possible. It becomes.
本発明によれば、部分酸化改質反応に用いる際に酸素透過性を良好に維持できる酸素透過膜、及び、この酸素透過膜を備え、効率のよい水素製造が可能な水素発生装置を提供することが可能となる。 According to the present invention, there are provided an oxygen permeable membrane capable of maintaining good oxygen permeability when used in a partial oxidation reforming reaction, and a hydrogen generator equipped with this oxygen permeable membrane and capable of producing hydrogen efficiently. It becomes possible.
以下、図面を参照して本発明の好適な実施形態について説明する。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
図1は、好適な実施形態に係る水素発生装置の構成を模式的に示す図である。図1に示す水素発生装置100は、水素発生部20と、水素分離部30とから構成されている。水素発生部20は、酸素透過膜10によって区画された反応室22及び供給室24を有している。また、水素分離部30は、水素分離膜32によって区画された混合気導入室36と水素排出室38とを有している。水素発生部20における反応室22と、水素分離部30における混合気導入室36とは、連結管40によってつながれている。これによって、反応室22内の気体が混合気導入室36内に移動できるようになっている。 FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a hydrogen generator according to a preferred embodiment. A hydrogen generator 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a hydrogen generator 20 and a hydrogen separator 30. The hydrogen generator 20 includes a reaction chamber 22 and a supply chamber 24 that are partitioned by the oxygen permeable membrane 10. Further, the hydrogen separation unit 30 has an air-fuel mixture introduction chamber 36 and a hydrogen discharge chamber 38 that are partitioned by a hydrogen separation membrane 32. The reaction chamber 22 in the hydrogen generation unit 20 and the mixture introduction chamber 36 in the hydrogen separation unit 30 are connected by a connecting pipe 40. As a result, the gas in the reaction chamber 22 can move into the mixture introduction chamber 36.
この水素発生装置100においては、反応室22には炭化水素構造を有する燃料化合物を含む気体が供給され、供給室24には酸素を含む気体が供給される。燃料化合物としては、例えば、天然ガス、LPGガス、ナフサ、ガソリン、灯油、軽油等の炭化水素系燃料や、メタノール、エタノール等のアルコール系燃料、ジメチルエーテル、ジエチルエーテル等のエーテル系燃料等が挙げられる。また、酸素を含む気体としては、空気が好ましい。以下、燃料化合物としてメタンを、酸素を含む気体として空気をそれぞれ例に挙げて説明を行うこととする。 In the hydrogen generator 100, a gas containing a fuel compound having a hydrocarbon structure is supplied to the reaction chamber 22, and a gas containing oxygen is supplied to the supply chamber 24. Examples of the fuel compound include hydrocarbon fuels such as natural gas, LPG gas, naphtha, gasoline, kerosene and light oil, alcohol fuels such as methanol and ethanol, and ether fuels such as dimethyl ether and diethyl ether. . Moreover, as the gas containing oxygen, air is preferable. Hereinafter, methane will be described as an example of the fuel compound, and air will be described as an example of a gas containing oxygen.
水素発生部20においては、供給室24に供給された空気のうち、酸素だけが酸素透過膜10を通って反応室22に移動する。空気中の酸素以外の成分(図中、一例としてN2を示す)は、酸素透過膜10を通らずに供給室24の外部に排出される。酸素透過膜10は、酸素透過層1及びこの上に積層された触媒層2を有しており、触媒層2が反応室22側に配置された構成を有している。この酸素透過膜10の詳細な構成については後述する。 In the hydrogen generator 20, only the oxygen in the air supplied to the supply chamber 24 moves to the reaction chamber 22 through the oxygen permeable membrane 10. Components other than oxygen in the air (N 2 is shown as an example in the figure) are discharged outside the supply chamber 24 without passing through the oxygen permeable membrane 10. The oxygen permeable membrane 10 has an oxygen permeable layer 1 and a catalyst layer 2 laminated thereon, and the catalyst layer 2 is arranged on the reaction chamber 22 side. The detailed configuration of the oxygen permeable membrane 10 will be described later.
反応室22においては、酸素透過膜10を透過した酸素と、外部から供給されたメタンとによって部分酸化改質反応が生じ、水素を含む混合気が発生する。なお、メタンの部分酸化改質反応とは、例えば下記化学式(1)によって表される反応である。このように、部分酸化改質反応では、水素のほか、例えば一酸化炭素が発生する。
CH4+1/2O2→CO+2H2 …(1)
In the reaction chamber 22, a partial oxidation reforming reaction occurs due to oxygen that has passed through the oxygen permeable membrane 10 and methane supplied from the outside, and an air-fuel mixture is generated. The partial oxidation reforming reaction of methane is a reaction represented by the following chemical formula (1), for example. Thus, in the partial oxidation reforming reaction, for example, carbon monoxide is generated in addition to hydrogen.
CH 4 + 1 / 2O 2 → CO + 2H 2 (1)
反応室22で発生した水素を含む混合気は、連結管40を通って水素分離部30における混合気導入室36に導入される。ここで、水素分離部30は、混合気から水素のみを分離できる装置であり、いわゆる水素ポンプの1種である。この水素分離部30は、水素分離膜32に接続された電源から電流を流すことで、電気化学セルとして機能する。水素分離膜32は、プロトン伝導性を有するプロトン伝導体であり、例えば、ペロブスカイト構造を有する酸化物等、高温でプロトン伝導性を示すセラミックスからなるものが挙げられる。この水素分離膜32は、混合気導入室36に供給された水蒸気(図中のH2O)が、当該膜の空孔等に取り込まれることによってプロトン伝導性を発現し得る状態となっている。 The air-fuel mixture containing hydrogen generated in the reaction chamber 22 is introduced into the air-fuel mixture introduction chamber 36 in the hydrogen separator 30 through the connecting pipe 40. Here, the hydrogen separator 30 is an apparatus that can separate only hydrogen from the air-fuel mixture, and is a kind of so-called hydrogen pump. The hydrogen separation unit 30 functions as an electrochemical cell by supplying a current from a power source connected to the hydrogen separation membrane 32. The hydrogen separation membrane 32 is a proton conductor having proton conductivity, and examples thereof include those made of ceramics that exhibit proton conductivity at high temperatures, such as oxides having a perovskite structure. This hydrogen separation membrane 32 is in a state where the water vapor (H 2 O in the figure) supplied to the air-fuel mixture introduction chamber 36 can express proton conductivity by being taken into the pores of the membrane. .
このような水素分離部30における混合気導入室36に、水素を含む混合気が導入されると、水素分離膜32の混合気導入室36側(アノード側)において混合気中の水素が電子を放出してプロトン化する。このプロトンは、プロトン伝導膜である水素分離膜32を伝導して水素排出室38側(カソード側)に移動し、電子を受容して再び水素となる。混合気中の水素以外の成分(CO等)は、緻密なセラミック等によって構成される水素分離膜32を透過することができず、水蒸気等によって酸化されたCO2等の形態で混合気導入室36から外部に排出される。 When an air-fuel mixture is introduced into the air-fuel mixture introduction chamber 36 in such a hydrogen separator 30, the hydrogen in the air-fuel mixture emits electrons on the air-fuel mixture introduction chamber 36 side (anode side) of the hydrogen separation membrane 32. Release and protonate. This proton is transferred to the hydrogen discharge chamber 38 side (cathode side) through the hydrogen separation membrane 32 which is a proton conductive membrane, receives electrons, and becomes hydrogen again. Components other than hydrogen (such as CO) in the gas mixture cannot pass through the hydrogen separation membrane 32 formed of a dense ceramic or the like, and the gas mixture introduction chamber is in the form of CO 2 or the like oxidized by water vapor or the like. 36 is discharged to the outside.
このようにして、水素分離部30においては、混合気導入室36に導入された気体のうち、水素だけがプロトンの形態で水素分離膜32を通って水素排出室38に移動することができる。そして、水素排出室38に移動した水素は、適宜設けられた排出口から水素発生装置100の外部に排出される。このようにして、水素発生装置100によって水素が製造される。 In this way, in the hydrogen separator 30, only the hydrogen out of the gas introduced into the mixture introduction chamber 36 can move to the hydrogen discharge chamber 38 through the hydrogen separation membrane 32 in the form of protons. Then, the hydrogen that has moved to the hydrogen discharge chamber 38 is discharged to the outside of the hydrogen generator 100 through a discharge port provided as appropriate. In this way, hydrogen is produced by the hydrogen generator 100.
上記構成を有する水素発生装置100において、酸素透過膜10は、以下に示すような構成を有するものである。以下、図2を参照して酸素透過膜10の好適な構成について具体的に説明する。 In the hydrogen generator 100 having the above configuration, the oxygen permeable membrane 10 has the following configuration. Hereinafter, a preferred configuration of the oxygen permeable membrane 10 will be specifically described with reference to FIG.
図2は、酸素透過膜10における触媒層2の表面付近の断面構成を模式的に示す図である。図示されるように、酸素透過層1上に形成された触媒層2は、酸素透過層1側から順に支持層4及び担体層6が積層され、更に担体層6の表面に触媒8が付着した形態となっている。この触媒層2においては、支持層4及び担体層6が、触媒8を担持するための担体(触媒担体)として機能する。そして、この支持層4及び担体層6からなる担体と、これに付着した触媒8とによって、部分酸化改質反応を促進する改質触媒が構成されている。 FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a cross-sectional configuration in the vicinity of the surface of the catalyst layer 2 in the oxygen permeable membrane 10. As shown in the figure, the catalyst layer 2 formed on the oxygen permeable layer 1 has a support layer 4 and a carrier layer 6 laminated in order from the oxygen permeable layer 1 side, and a catalyst 8 is attached to the surface of the carrier layer 6. It has a form. In the catalyst layer 2, the support layer 4 and the support layer 6 function as a support (catalyst support) for supporting the catalyst 8. And the reforming catalyst which accelerates | stimulates a partial oxidation reforming reaction is comprised by the support | carrier which consists of this support layer 4 and the support | carrier layer 6, and the catalyst 8 adhering to this.
酸素透過層1は、酸素イオン及び電子のみを伝導できる混合伝導体であり、例えば、単相型のペロブスカイト型構造酸化物や、酸素イオン伝導体と電子伝導体との混合組成から構成される複合体型の混合伝導体が挙げられる。これらのうち、後者の複合体型混合伝導体が、酸素イオン伝導体と電子伝導体を個々に選択して構成し得るため、材料選択の幅が広く、混合伝導性を容易に制御することもできることから好ましい。好適な複合体型混合伝導体の一例としては、酸素イオン伝導体としてCeO2−Sm2O3を有し、電子伝導体としてMnFe2O4を有する混合伝導体が挙げられる。 The oxygen permeable layer 1 is a mixed conductor that can conduct only oxygen ions and electrons. For example, the oxygen permeable layer 1 is a composite composed of a single-phase perovskite structure oxide or a mixed composition of an oxygen ion conductor and an electron conductor. Examples of body-type mixed conductors. Of these, the latter composite-type mixed conductor can be configured by individually selecting an oxygen ion conductor and an electron conductor, so that the range of material selection is wide and the mixed conductivity can be easily controlled. To preferred. An example of a suitable composite-type mixed conductor is a mixed conductor having CeO 2 —Sm 2 O 3 as an oxygen ion conductor and MnFe 2 O 4 as an electron conductor.
酸素透過層1の厚さは、1000μm以下であると好ましく、200μm以下であるとより好ましい。酸素透過層1の厚さを適度の厚さとすることで、部分酸化改質反応による炭素析出を良好に低減できる傾向にある。ただし、酸素透過層1に十分な強度を持たし、且つ優れた酸素透過性を確保する観点からは、酸素透過層1の厚さは、少なくとも1μm以上であることが望ましい。特に、後述する触媒8として、主成分であるNiに貴金属であるIrを組み合わせた場合は、酸素透過層1の厚さは、140μm以下であることが好ましい。こうすることで、炭素析出を大幅に抑制できるようになり、これによって酸素透過膜10による酸素透過性を一層良好に維持することが可能となる。 The thickness of the oxygen permeable layer 1 is preferably 1000 μm or less, and more preferably 200 μm or less. By setting the thickness of the oxygen permeable layer 1 to an appropriate thickness, carbon deposition due to the partial oxidation reforming reaction tends to be favorably reduced. However, from the viewpoint of providing the oxygen permeable layer 1 with sufficient strength and ensuring excellent oxygen permeability, the thickness of the oxygen permeable layer 1 is preferably at least 1 μm or more. In particular, as the catalyst 8 described later, when the main component Ni is combined with the noble metal Ir, the thickness of the oxygen permeable layer 1 is preferably 140 μm or less. By doing so, it becomes possible to greatly suppress carbon deposition, and thereby it becomes possible to maintain the oxygen permeability by the oxygen permeable membrane 10 better.
触媒層2を構成する支持層4は、マクロ多孔性の支持体からなる層であり、例えばハニカム状の支持層が好ましい。このような支持層4としては、セラミックファイバーから構成されるものが挙げられる。その空隙率は、5〜95%であると好ましく、30〜90%であるとより好ましい。 The support layer 4 constituting the catalyst layer 2 is a layer made of a macroporous support, and for example, a honeycomb support layer is preferable. As such a support layer 4, what is comprised from a ceramic fiber is mentioned. The porosity is preferably 5 to 95%, and more preferably 30 to 90%.
また、担体層6は、多孔性のものが好ましく、メソ多孔性を有するものがより好ましい。例えば、メソ多孔性のアルミナ、シリカ、セリア、ジルコニア、チタニア等の無機酸化物や、これらを組み合わせた複合酸化物からなるものが挙げられる。なかでも、担体層6は、メソ多孔性のシリカから構成されると、部分酸化改質反応による炭素の析出を低減できる傾向にある。担体層6の表面積は、好ましくは5〜1000m2/gであり、より好ましくは50〜500m2/gである。 The carrier layer 6 is preferably porous and more preferably mesoporous. Examples thereof include inorganic oxides such as mesoporous alumina, silica, ceria, zirconia, and titania, and composite oxides combining these. Among these, when the support layer 6 is made of mesoporous silica, the carbon deposition due to the partial oxidation reforming reaction tends to be reduced. The surface area of the carrier layer 6 is preferably 5 to 1000 m 2 / g, more preferably 50 to 500 m 2 / g.
なお、触媒層2は、必ずしも支持層4を担体層6が被覆した構造を有している必要はなく、いずれか一方のみで十分に触媒8を担持できる場合は、これらのうちの一方のみが触媒担体を構成していてもよい。ただし、触媒層2の酸素透過層1への密着性を高め、また触媒8をより良好に担持する観点からは、上記のように支持層4上に担体層6が積層された構造を有していることが好ましい。 The catalyst layer 2 is not necessarily required to have a structure in which the support layer 4 is covered with the carrier layer 6. When only one of the catalyst layers 2 can sufficiently support the catalyst 8, only one of them can be supported. You may comprise the catalyst support | carrier. However, from the viewpoint of improving the adhesion of the catalyst layer 2 to the oxygen permeable layer 1 and better supporting the catalyst 8, the carrier layer 6 is laminated on the support layer 4 as described above. It is preferable.
触媒8は、主としてNiから構成され、副成分としてRu、Ir及びPdのうちの少なくとも1種の貴金属を含有するものである。副成分である貴金属としては、Ru、Ir及びPdのうちの2種以上を組み合わせてもよい。酸素透過層1の還元を抑制する観点からは、貴金属として少なくともRuを含有することが好ましい。また、触媒8は、上記以外の貴金属(具体的には、Au、Ag、Rh、Os、Pt)を含むと、酸素透過層1の還元を促進してしまうおそれがあるため、これらの貴金属は含まないことが好ましい。 The catalyst 8 is mainly composed of Ni and contains at least one noble metal of Ru, Ir, and Pd as a subcomponent. As a noble metal which is a subcomponent, two or more of Ru, Ir and Pd may be combined. From the viewpoint of suppressing the reduction of the oxygen permeable layer 1, it is preferable to contain at least Ru as a noble metal. Further, if the catalyst 8 contains a noble metal other than the above (specifically, Au, Ag, Rh, Os, Pt), the reduction of the oxygen permeable layer 1 may be promoted. It is preferably not included.
触媒8において、主成分であるNiは、触媒8全体の0.1〜90質量%、好ましくは1〜30質量%、更に好ましくは5〜15質量%程度含まれている。また、貴金属(Ru、Ir又はPd)は、Niに対して0.1〜100質量%含まれていると好ましく、1〜50質量%含まれているとより好ましい。Niに対する貴金属(Ru、Ir又はPd)の割合がこのような範囲であると、Niの高活性を良好に維持しながら十分に炭素析出を抑制することが特に容易となる。 In the catalyst 8, Ni as the main component is contained in an amount of 0.1 to 90% by mass, preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably about 5 to 15% by mass of the entire catalyst 8. Further, the precious metal (Ru, Ir or Pd) is preferably contained in an amount of 0.1 to 100% by mass and more preferably 1 to 50% by mass with respect to Ni. When the ratio of the noble metal (Ru, Ir, or Pd) to Ni is within such a range, it becomes particularly easy to sufficiently suppress carbon deposition while maintaining good Ni high activity.
また、貴金属(Ru、Ir又はPd)は、触媒8全体の0.01〜10質量%程度含まれていると好ましく、0.1〜5質量%含まれているとより好ましい。貴金属の含有量が0.01質量%未満であると、Niによる部分酸化改質反応の触媒効果が充分に促進されなくなるほか、酸素透過層1の還元が進行し易くなって酸素透過性が低下し易くなるといった不都合が生じるおそれがある。一方、10質量%を超える場合、高価な貴金属を多く含むため、不都合にコストが増大してしまう傾向にある。 Further, the precious metal (Ru, Ir or Pd) is preferably contained in an amount of about 0.01 to 10% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 5% by mass, based on the entire catalyst 8. When the content of the noble metal is less than 0.01% by mass, the catalytic effect of the partial oxidation reforming reaction by Ni is not sufficiently promoted, and the oxygen permeation layer 1 is more easily reduced and the oxygen permeability is lowered. There is a risk of inconvenience such as being easy to do. On the other hand, when it exceeds 10 mass%, since it contains many expensive noble metals, it exists in the tendency for cost to increase disadvantageously.
触媒8を構成しているNiや貴金属(Ru、Ir又はPd)は、これらの金属ごとに別々に存在していることが好ましく、合金等を構成していないことが好ましい。また、これらの各金属は、金属単体で含まれていることが好ましいが、一部が金属塩等の化合物の状態で含まれていてもよい。さらに、これらの金属は、例えば、それぞれ粒子状の形態で担体に付着することができる。この場合、Niの粒子径は、5〜50nm程度であると好ましく、貴金属の粒子径は1〜10nm程度であるとより好ましい。なお、触媒8は、必ずしも図2に示すように担体層6の表面に付着していなくてもよく、多孔性を有する担体層6の孔内に付着していてもよく、また、支持層4の表面や孔内に付着していてもよい。 Ni and noble metals (Ru, Ir or Pd) constituting the catalyst 8 are preferably present separately for each of these metals, and preferably do not constitute an alloy or the like. Further, each of these metals is preferably contained as a single metal, but a part thereof may be contained in the form of a compound such as a metal salt. Furthermore, these metals can be attached to the carrier, for example, in particulate form. In this case, the particle diameter of Ni is preferably about 5 to 50 nm, and the particle diameter of noble metal is more preferably about 1 to 10 nm. The catalyst 8 does not necessarily have to adhere to the surface of the carrier layer 6 as shown in FIG. 2, and may not adhere to the pores of the porous carrier layer 6, and the support layer 4 It may be attached to the surface or the inside of the hole.
触媒層2の厚さは、酸素透過層1の0.1%〜1000倍程度であると好ましく、1%〜100倍程度であるとより好ましい。酸素透過層1に対して触媒層2が薄すぎると、この触媒層2による部分酸化改質反応の促進効果が十分に発揮されなくなるおそれがある。一方、酸素透過層1に比して厚すぎても、副反応が生じる割合が増え、部分酸化改質反応の選択性が低くなるおそれがある。なお、触媒層2は、金属等の微小な粒子からなる触媒8が支持層4や担体層6に付着したものであるから、この触媒層2全体の厚さは、支持層4と担体層6との合計厚さ(一方の層のみを有する場合は当該層のみの厚さ)と同じであると見なしてもよい。 The thickness of the catalyst layer 2 is preferably about 0.1% to 1000 times that of the oxygen permeable layer 1, and more preferably about 1% to 100 times. If the catalyst layer 2 is too thin with respect to the oxygen permeable layer 1, the catalyst layer 2 may not sufficiently exhibit the effect of promoting the partial oxidation reforming reaction. On the other hand, even if it is too thick as compared with the oxygen permeable layer 1, the rate at which side reactions occur increases and the selectivity of the partial oxidation reforming reaction may be reduced. Note that the catalyst layer 2 is a catalyst 8 made of fine particles of metal or the like attached to the support layer 4 or the carrier layer 6, and therefore the total thickness of the catalyst layer 2 is the support layer 4 and the carrier layer 6. May be considered the same as the total thickness (in the case of having only one layer).
また、上述の如く、触媒層2は、酸素透過層1の表面を被覆するように形成されたものであるが、この触媒層2は、酸素透過層1の全表面の1%以上を被覆していると好ましく、10%以上を被覆しているとより好ましく、ほぼ全領域を被覆していることが特に好ましい。触媒層2は、酸素透過層1のできるだけ多くの領域を被覆することで、これらの接触が密となり、高い酸素透過性が得られ易くなる傾向にある。 Further, as described above, the catalyst layer 2 is formed so as to cover the surface of the oxygen permeable layer 1, but this catalyst layer 2 covers 1% or more of the entire surface of the oxygen permeable layer 1. It is preferable that 10% or more is covered, and it is particularly preferable that almost the entire region is covered. The catalyst layer 2 covers as many regions of the oxygen permeable layer 1 as possible, so that these contacts become dense and high oxygen permeability tends to be easily obtained.
触媒層2においては、触媒8のほかに、希土類元素(Ce、La、Pr等)の化合物等が担体に更に付着していると好ましい。これらは、助触媒として機能するものであり、触媒による改質反応の促進効果を一層高めることができる。また、改質反応による炭素析出を良好に抑制することができる。助触媒として希土類元素の化合物を含む場合は、希土類元素/Niが、モル比で0.01〜10となると好ましく、0.1〜1となるとより好ましい。 In the catalyst layer 2, it is preferable that, in addition to the catalyst 8, a compound of rare earth elements (Ce, La, Pr, etc.) is further adhered to the support. These function as a co-catalyst and can further enhance the effect of promoting the reforming reaction by the catalyst. Further, carbon deposition due to the reforming reaction can be satisfactorily suppressed. When a rare earth element compound is included as a co-catalyst, the rare earth element / Ni is preferably 0.01 to 10 in terms of molar ratio, and more preferably 0.1 to 1.
なかでも、助触媒としてはセリウム酸化物(具体的にはCe2O3)、プラセオジム酸化物(具体的にはPr2O3)及びランタン酸化物(具体的にはLa2O3)からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の酸化物を含有していると好ましい。触媒8に加えてこれらの酸化物を更に含有することで、部分酸化改質反応の際の炭素析出を低減できるという効果も得られるようになる。特に、プラセオジム酸化物又はランタン酸化物は炭素析出を低減する効果に優れる傾向にある。 Among them, the promoter is made of cerium oxide (specifically Ce 2 O 3 ), praseodymium oxide (specifically Pr 2 O 3 ) and lanthanum oxide (specifically La 2 O 3 ). It is preferable that at least one oxide selected from the group is contained. By further containing these oxides in addition to the catalyst 8, it is possible to obtain an effect that carbon deposition during the partial oxidation reforming reaction can be reduced. In particular, praseodymium oxide or lanthanum oxide tends to be excellent in the effect of reducing carbon deposition.
上記構成を有する酸素透過膜10は、例えば、支持層4の表面を担体層6で被覆した担体に、触媒8であるNi、並びに、Ru、Ir及びPdのうちの少なくとも1種を担持させて触媒層2を形成し、この触媒層2と酸素透過膜1とを積層することによって得ることができる。 The oxygen permeable membrane 10 having the above-described configuration includes, for example, a support in which the surface of the support layer 4 is covered with the support layer 6 supporting at least one of Ni as the catalyst 8 and Ru, Ir, and Pd. It can be obtained by forming the catalyst layer 2 and laminating the catalyst layer 2 and the oxygen permeable membrane 1.
このような酸素透過膜10の製造方法において、触媒8の主成分であるNiは、含浸法、スラリー法、スプレー法、塗布法、固相混合法等により支持層4や担体層6に担持することができる。なかでも、Niを溶液の状態で含浸させる含浸法は、均一な分散が可能であり、担持量の調整も容易であることから好ましい。Niの原料としては、例えば硝酸塩、塩酸塩、酢酸塩等が挙げられる。含浸法においては、これらのNiの塩を含む溶液を含浸させた後、例えばアンモニア蒸気により水酸化し、更に熱分解や水素還元を行うことによって高活性な金属Niとすることで、支持層4や担体層6にNiを担持することができる。 In such a method for producing the oxygen permeable membrane 10, Ni as the main component of the catalyst 8 is supported on the support layer 4 or the carrier layer 6 by an impregnation method, a slurry method, a spray method, a coating method, a solid phase mixing method, or the like. be able to. Among these, the impregnation method in which Ni is impregnated in the state of a solution is preferable because uniform dispersion is possible and the adjustment of the loading amount is easy. Examples of the Ni raw material include nitrate, hydrochloride, acetate, and the like. In the impregnation method, after impregnating a solution containing these Ni salts, the support layer 4 is formed by, for example, hydroxylating with ammonia vapor and further performing thermal decomposition or hydrogen reduction to obtain highly active metal Ni. In addition, Ni can be supported on the carrier layer 6.
また、触媒8のうちの貴金属(Ru、Ir又はPd)は、Niと同様に含浸法によって支持層4や担体層6に担持させることが好ましい。具体的には、Ru、Ir又はPdの硝酸塩や塩酸塩を溶解して溶液とし、これを支持層4や担体層6に含浸させた後、例えばアンモニア蒸気により水酸化し、更に熱分解や水素還元を行うことによって、これらの貴金属の担持を行うことができる。 In addition, the noble metal (Ru, Ir or Pd) in the catalyst 8 is preferably supported on the support layer 4 or the carrier layer 6 by an impregnation method as in the case of Ni. Specifically, Ru, Ir, or Pd nitrate or hydrochloride is dissolved to form a solution, which is impregnated in the support layer 4 or the support layer 6, and then hydroxylated with, for example, ammonia vapor, and further subjected to thermal decomposition or hydrogenation. By carrying out the reduction, it is possible to carry these noble metals.
なお、触媒8の担持においては、Ni及び貴金属のどちらを先に担持させてもよいが、貴金属を先に担持することが好ましい。こうすると、貴金属が広く均一に分散した状態となるため、貴金属のNiに対する還元作用がより良好に生じるようになり、その結果、部分酸化還元反応が一層良好に促進されるようになる。また、触媒8に加えてセリウム酸化物、プラセオジム酸化物及びランタン酸化物等の助触媒を更に担持させる場合は、助触媒も触媒8と同様の方法で担持することができるが、この場合、助触媒の効果を良好に得るために、Niと同時に担持させることが好ましい。 In supporting the catalyst 8, either Ni or noble metal may be supported first, but it is preferable to support the noble metal first. In this way, the noble metal is in a widely and uniformly dispersed state, so that the reduction action of the noble metal to Ni is more favorably generated, and as a result, the partial oxidation-reduction reaction is further promoted better. Further, when a promoter such as cerium oxide, praseodymium oxide and lanthanum oxide is further supported in addition to the catalyst 8, the promoter can also be supported in the same manner as the catalyst 8, but in this case, the promoter is supported. In order to obtain the catalyst effect satisfactorily, it is preferably supported simultaneously with Ni.
好適な実施形態に係る水素発生装置100は、上述した構成の酸素透過膜10を有することで、以下に示すような特性を発揮し得るものとなる。すなわち、まず、酸素透過膜10は、主成分であるNiにRu、Ir及びPdのうちの少なくとも1種の貴金属を組み合わせた触媒8を有する触媒層2を有していることから、Niが貴金属によって高活性の状態を維持することができ、部分酸化改質反応を良好に生じさせることができる。この際、触媒8は、Niと特定の貴金属とを組み合わせたものであるため、酸素透過膜10における酸素透過層1が部分酸化改質反応に伴う還元雰囲気によって還元されるのを大幅に抑制することができる。そのため、酸素透過膜10は、酸素透過層1の還元による酸素透過性の経時的な低下が極めて小さいものとなる。 The hydrogen generator 100 according to a preferred embodiment can exhibit the following characteristics by having the oxygen permeable membrane 10 configured as described above. That is, first, the oxygen permeable membrane 10 includes the catalyst layer 2 having the catalyst 8 in which at least one kind of noble metal of Ru, Ir, and Pd is combined with Ni that is the main component. Thus, a highly active state can be maintained, and a partial oxidation reforming reaction can be favorably generated. At this time, since the catalyst 8 is a combination of Ni and a specific noble metal, the oxygen permeable layer 1 in the oxygen permeable membrane 10 is greatly suppressed from being reduced by the reducing atmosphere accompanying the partial oxidation reforming reaction. be able to. Therefore, the oxygen permeable membrane 10 has a very small decrease in oxygen permeability over time due to the reduction of the oxygen permeable layer 1.
したがって、このような酸素透過膜10を有する水素発生装置100によれば、酸素透過層1による優れた酸素透過性と、触媒層2による優れた触媒効果とにより、高効率で水素製造が可能となるほか、長時間駆動させた場合であっても安定して水素を製造することも可能となる。 Therefore, according to the hydrogen generator 100 having such an oxygen permeable membrane 10, it is possible to produce hydrogen with high efficiency by the excellent oxygen permeability by the oxygen permeable layer 1 and the excellent catalytic effect by the catalyst layer 2. In addition, hydrogen can be produced stably even when driven for a long time.
なお、本発明の水素発生装置や酸素透過膜は、必ずしも上述した実施形態の構成を有するものに限定されず、適宜変形が可能である。例えば、上述した実施形態では、水素分離部30としてプロトン伝導膜である水素分離膜32を用いた例を示したが、これに限定されず、水素を含む混合気から水素のみを分離できる装置等であれば特に制限無く適用できる。 The hydrogen generator and the oxygen permeable membrane of the present invention are not necessarily limited to those having the configuration of the above-described embodiment, and can be modified as appropriate. For example, in the above-described embodiment, an example in which the hydrogen separation membrane 32 that is a proton conducting membrane is used as the hydrogen separation unit 30 is shown. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and an apparatus that can separate only hydrogen from an air-fuel mixture. If it is, it can be applied without particular limitation.
また、本発明の酸素透過膜は、上述したような酸素透過層と触媒層とを最低限備える構成を有する限り、他の層を更に有していてもよい。ただし、酸素透過膜を透過した酸素を効率よく部分酸化改質反応に用いる観点からは、酸素透過層と触媒層とは接している必要がある。 In addition, the oxygen permeable membrane of the present invention may further include other layers as long as it has a configuration including at least the oxygen permeable layer and the catalyst layer as described above. However, from the viewpoint of efficiently using oxygen permeated through the oxygen permeable membrane for the partial oxidation reforming reaction, the oxygen permeable layer and the catalyst layer need to be in contact with each other.
さらに、本発明の酸素透過膜は、上記の部分酸化改質反応による水素製造に限らず、他の方法による水素製造や、水素製造以外の反応に用いるための酸素透過膜として用いてもよい。本発明の酸素透過膜は、いずれの用途であってもその優れた耐還元性によって、高い酸素透過性を有し、しかもこれを長期間維持できるという効果を奏することができる。なお、部分酸化改質反応以外の水素製造方法としては、水蒸気改質、炭酸ガス改質、またはこれらを組み合わせた複合改質反応等が挙げられる。 Further, the oxygen permeable membrane of the present invention is not limited to hydrogen production by the partial oxidation reforming reaction, but may be used as an oxygen permeable membrane for use in hydrogen production by other methods and reactions other than hydrogen production. The oxygen-permeable membrane of the present invention has the effect of having high oxygen permeability and maintaining it for a long period of time due to its excellent reduction resistance in any application. Examples of the hydrogen production method other than the partial oxidation reforming reaction include steam reforming, carbon dioxide gas reforming, or a combined reforming reaction combining these.
以下、本発明を実施例により更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれらの実施例に限定されるものではない。
[触媒の作製:Al2O3を触媒担体に用いた場合]
EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention still in detail, this invention is not limited to these Examples.
[Catalyst preparation: When Al 2 O 3 is used as a catalyst carrier]
(触媒担体1の作製)
厚み1mmのセラミックファイバー(株式会社ITM製、ペーパー320、空隙率約80%)を550℃で空気中に焼成し、有機バインダーを除去して、マクロ多孔性を有する支持層を準備した。この支持層に、硝酸アルミニウム水溶液を含浸した後、アンモニア処理、乾燥、焼成を順次行うことで、メソ多孔性アルミナからなる(20重量%Al2O3)担体層を形成した。こうして、支持層上に担体層をコートした触媒担体1を得た。
(Preparation of catalyst carrier 1)
A ceramic fiber having a thickness of 1 mm (made by ITM, paper 320, porosity of about 80%) was fired in the air at 550 ° C. to remove the organic binder, thereby preparing a support layer having macroporosity. This support layer was impregnated with an aqueous aluminum nitrate solution, followed by ammonia treatment, drying, and firing in order, thereby forming a (20 wt% Al 2 O 3 ) carrier layer made of mesoporous alumina. Thus, a catalyst carrier 1 having a support layer coated on the support layer was obtained.
(調製例1)
上記触媒担体1に、塩化ルテニウム(III)水溶液を含浸し、これに続いてアンモニア処理、乾燥、水素を含む還元性気流での焼成を順次行って、0.6重量%のRuを担持させた。続いて、これに硝酸ニッケルと硝酸セリウムの混合水溶液を含浸し、更にアンモニア処理、乾燥、水素を含む還元性気流での焼成を順次行って、10重量%のNi、及び、5.6重量%のCe2O3を更に担持させた。このようにして、調製例1の触媒(Ru−Ni−Ce2O3/Al2O3と表す)を得た。
(Preparation Example 1)
The catalyst support 1 was impregnated with a ruthenium (III) chloride aqueous solution, followed by ammonia treatment, drying, and calcination in a reducing air stream containing hydrogen to carry 0.6 wt% Ru. . Subsequently, this was impregnated with a mixed aqueous solution of nickel nitrate and cerium nitrate, further subjected to ammonia treatment, drying, and firing in a reducing air stream containing hydrogen in order to obtain 10 wt% Ni and 5.6 wt%. Of Ce 2 O 3 was further supported. In this way, the catalyst of Preparation Example 1 (represented as Ru—Ni—Ce 2 O 3 / Al 2 O 3 ) was obtained.
(比較調製例1)
上記触媒担体1に、硝酸ニッケルと硝酸セリウムの混合水溶液を含浸し、これに続いてアンモニア処理、乾燥、水素を含む還元性気流での焼成を順次行って、10重量%のNi、及び、5.6重量%のCe2O3が担持された比較調製例1の触媒(Ni−Ce2O3/Al2O3と表す)を得た。
(Comparative Preparation Example 1)
The catalyst carrier 1 is impregnated with a mixed aqueous solution of nickel nitrate and cerium nitrate, followed by ammonia treatment, drying, and calcination in a reducing air stream containing hydrogen in order to obtain 10 wt% Ni and 5%. The catalyst of Comparative Preparation Example 1 (represented as Ni—Ce 2 O 3 / Al 2 O 3 ) on which 6% by weight of Ce 2 O 3 was supported was obtained.
(比較調製例2)
塩化ルテニウム水溶液に代えて、硝酸ロジウム(III)とヘキサクロロ白金(IV)酸の混合水溶液を用いたこと以外は、調製例1と同様にして、0.2重量%のRh、1.0重量%のPt、10重量%のNi、5.6重量%のCe2O3が担持された比較調製例2の触媒(Rh−Pt−Ni−Ce2O3/Al2O3と表す)を得た。
[酸素透過膜の作製]
(Comparative Preparation Example 2)
0.2% by weight Rh, 1.0% by weight in the same manner as in Preparation Example 1, except that a mixed aqueous solution of rhodium (III) nitrate and hexachloroplatinic (IV) acid was used instead of the ruthenium chloride aqueous solution. Of Pt, 10 wt% Ni, 5.6 wt% Ce 2 O 3 supported catalyst of Comparative Preparation Example 2 (represented as Rh—Pt—Ni—Ce 2 O 3 / Al 2 O 3 ) It was.
[Preparation of oxygen permeable membrane]
(実施例1、比較例1〜2)
CeO2(85モル%)−Sm2O3(15モル%)の酸素イオン伝導体と、MnFe2O4の電子伝導体の混合物からなる酸素透過層(膜厚150μm)に、上述した調製例1、比較調製例1及び2の触媒を、これらの支持層が接するようにそれぞれ積層した後、ガラスシール材を用いてシール化した。これにより、酸素透過層上に、調製例1、比較調製例1及び2の触媒からなる触媒層をそれぞれ備える実施例1、比較例1及び2の酸素透過膜を得た。
(Example 1, Comparative Examples 1-2)
Preparation example mentioned above in oxygen permeation layer (film thickness 150 μm) composed of a mixture of an oxygen ion conductor of CeO 2 (85 mol%)-Sm 2 O 3 (15 mol%) and an electron conductor of MnFe 2 O 4 1. The catalysts of Comparative Preparation Examples 1 and 2 were laminated so that these support layers were in contact with each other, and then sealed with a glass sealing material. As a result, the oxygen permeable membranes of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 each including the catalyst layer made of the catalysts of Preparation Example 1 and Comparative Preparation Examples 1 and 2 were obtained on the oxygen permeable layer.
(参考例1)
CeO2(85モル%)−Sm2O3(15モル%)の酸素イオン伝導体と、MnFe2O4の電子伝導体の混合物からなる酸素透過膜を、そのまま参考例1の酸素透過膜とした。
[酸素透過速度の評価]
(Reference Example 1)
An oxygen permeable membrane made of a mixture of an oxygen ion conductor of CeO 2 (85 mol%)-Sm 2 O 3 (15 mol%) and an electron conductor of MnFe 2 O 4 is used as it is as the oxygen permeable membrane of Reference Example 1. did.
[Evaluation of oxygen transmission rate]
実施例1、比較例1及び2並びに参考例1の酸素透過膜による酸素透過速度の評価を以下のようにして行った。すなわち、まず、各酸素透過膜の触媒層側にCH4(メタン)−Arの混合ガスを、酸素透過層側に空気をそれぞれ流通させた。なお、参考例1の酸素透過膜については、任意の一方の面側を触媒層側に、これと他方の面側を酸素透過層側にそれぞれ設定した。 The oxygen permeation rate of the oxygen permeable membranes of Example 1, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 and Reference Example 1 was evaluated as follows. That is, first, CH 4 (methane) -Ar mixed gas was circulated on the catalyst layer side of each oxygen permeable membrane, and air was circulated on the oxygen permeable layer side. For the oxygen permeable membrane of Reference Example 1, one arbitrary surface side was set to the catalyst layer side, and the other surface side was set to the oxygen permeable layer side.
それから、各酸素透過膜の触媒層側で、酸素透過膜によって空気から分離された酸素と、メタンとの部分酸化改質反応を生じさせ、水素を含む混合気を発生させた。酸素透過速度(jO2、単位:μmol/sec/cm2)は、得られた混合気中の組成分析から求めたメタンの転化率から算出した。部分酸化改質反応の温度条件は800℃〜1000℃の温度範囲内で変化させて行い、各条件での酸素透過速度をそれぞれ求めた。得られた結果を図3に示す。 Then, on the catalyst layer side of each oxygen permeable membrane, a partial oxidation reforming reaction between oxygen separated from the air by the oxygen permeable membrane and methane was caused to generate an air-fuel mixture. The oxygen transmission rate (jO 2 , unit: μmol / sec / cm 2 ) was calculated from the conversion rate of methane determined from the composition analysis in the obtained gas mixture. The temperature conditions for the partial oxidation reforming reaction were varied in the temperature range of 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C., and the oxygen transmission rate under each condition was determined. The obtained results are shown in FIG.
図3は、各酸素透過膜を用いて得られた部分酸化改質反応の温度に対する酸素透過速度の変化を示すグラフである。図3中、L11が実施例1、L12が比較例1、L13が比較例2、L14が参考例1の酸素透過膜を用いた場合にそれぞれ該当する。 FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes in the oxygen permeation rate with respect to the temperature of the partial oxidation reforming reaction obtained using each oxygen permeable membrane. In FIG. 3, L11 corresponds to the case of using the oxygen permeable membrane of Example 1, L12 to Comparative Example 1, L13 to Comparative Example 2, and L14 to Reference Example 1, respectively.
図3に示すように、Niに貴金属としてRuを組み合わせた触媒を含有する触媒層を有する実施例1の酸素透過膜によれば、貴金属を用いなかった場合(比較例1)及び貴金属としてRhを用いた場合(比較例2)に比して、高い酸素透過速度が得られることが判明した。 As shown in FIG. 3, according to the oxygen permeable membrane of Example 1 having a catalyst layer containing a catalyst in which Ru is combined with Ni as a noble metal, Rh is used as a noble metal when no noble metal is used (Comparative Example 1). It was found that a higher oxygen transmission rate can be obtained as compared with the case of using (Comparative Example 2).
また、実施例1では、貴金属を用いなかった場合の比較例1と比べて全温度域でほぼ一様に酸素透過速度が向上しており、この結果から、Ruによって酸素透過膜の酸素透過性が高められていることが確認された。これに対し、Rhを用いた比較例2では、高温となるにつれて酸素透過速度が比較例1に近づき、1000℃では比較例1よりも低くなるという結果が得られた。このことから、Rhは、部分酸化改質反応を促進する一方、酸素透過膜の還元も促進してその酸素透過性を低下させてしまっていることが示唆される。なお、触媒層を有しない酸素透過膜(参考例1)では、酸素透過速度が極めて小さくなることが確認された。
[酸素透過膜の還元状態の評価]
Further, in Example 1, the oxygen permeation rate was improved almost uniformly in the entire temperature range as compared with Comparative Example 1 in which no precious metal was used. From this result, the oxygen permeability of the oxygen permeable membrane by Ru. Has been confirmed to be increased. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 2 using Rh, the oxygen transmission rate approached Comparative Example 1 as the temperature increased, and the result was lower than Comparative Example 1 at 1000 ° C. This suggests that while Rh promotes the partial oxidation reforming reaction, it also promotes the reduction of the oxygen permeable membrane to reduce its oxygen permeability. In addition, it was confirmed that the oxygen permeation rate is extremely small in the oxygen permeable membrane (Reference Example 1) having no catalyst layer.
[Evaluation of reduced state of oxygen permeable membrane]
部分酸化改質反応後の実施例1、比較例1及び比較例2の酸素透過膜の表面状態をそれぞれ観察した。図4は、実施例1の酸素透過膜の表面を示す写真であり、図5は、比較例1の酸素透過膜の表面を示す写真であり、図6は、比較例2の酸素透過膜の表面を示す写真である。全図において、「CH4側」((a)の図)が触媒層側、「空気側」((b)の図)が酸素透過層側の表面をそれぞれ示している。 The surface states of the oxygen permeable membranes of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 after the partial oxidation reforming reaction were observed. 4 is a photograph showing the surface of the oxygen permeable membrane of Example 1, FIG. 5 is a photograph showing the surface of the oxygen permeable membrane of Comparative Example 1, and FIG. 6 is a photograph of the oxygen permeable membrane of Comparative Example 2. It is a photograph showing the surface. In all the drawings, “CH 4 side” ((a) diagram) indicates the catalyst layer side, and “air side” ((b) diagram) indicates the oxygen permeable layer side surface.
図4に示すように、実施例1の酸素透過膜は両面とも変色がなく、部分酸化改質反応による変化が殆ど見られないのに対し、図5及び6に示すように、比較例1及び2の酸素透過膜は、触媒層側(CH4側)に変色がみられ、部分酸化改質反応によって還元が生じていることが確認された。
[触媒の作製:SiO2を触媒担体に用いた場合]
As shown in FIG. 4, the oxygen permeable membrane of Example 1 has no discoloration on both sides, and hardly changes due to the partial oxidation reforming reaction. On the other hand, as shown in FIGS. It was confirmed that the oxygen permeable membrane No. 2 was discolored on the catalyst layer side (CH 4 side), and reduction was caused by the partial oxidation reforming reaction.
[Catalyst preparation: When SiO 2 is used as a catalyst carrier]
(触媒担体2の作製)
厚み1mmのセラミックファイバー(株式会社ITM製、ペーパー320、空隙率約80%)を550℃で空気中に焼成し、有機バインダーを除去して、マクロ多孔性を有する支持層を準備した。この支持層に、コロイダルシリカ(30重量%SiO2含有、触媒化成工業株式会社製)を含浸した後、アンモニア処理、乾燥、焼成を順次行うことで、メソ多孔性シリカからなる(20重量%SiO2)担体層を形成した。こうして、支持層上に担体層をコートした触媒担体2を得た。
(Preparation of catalyst carrier 2)
A ceramic fiber having a thickness of 1 mm (made by ITM, paper 320, porosity of about 80%) was fired in the air at 550 ° C. to remove the organic binder, thereby preparing a support layer having macroporosity. The support layer is impregnated with colloidal silica (containing 30 wt% SiO 2 , manufactured by Catalyst Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), and then sequentially treated with ammonia, dried, and calcined to be composed of mesoporous silica (20 wt% SiO 2 ) A carrier layer was formed. Thus, a catalyst carrier 2 in which the carrier layer was coated on the support layer was obtained.
(調製例2)
上記触媒担体2に、塩化イリジウム(IV)水溶液を含浸し、これに続いてアンモニア処理、乾燥、水素を含む還元性気流での焼成を順次行って、1.1重量%のIrを担持させた。続いて、これに硝酸ニッケルと硝酸セリウムの混合水溶液を含浸し、更にアンモニア処理、乾燥、水素を含む還元性気流での焼成を順次行って、10重量%Ni、5.6重量%Ce2O3を更に担持させた。このようにして、調製例2の触媒(Ir−Ni−Ce2O3/SiO2と表す)を得た。
(Preparation Example 2)
The catalyst carrier 2 was impregnated with an iridium (IV) chloride aqueous solution, followed by ammonia treatment, drying, and firing in a reducing air stream containing hydrogen in order to carry 1.1 wt% of Ir. . Subsequently, this was impregnated with a mixed aqueous solution of nickel nitrate and cerium nitrate, further subjected to ammonia treatment, drying, and firing in a reducing air stream containing hydrogen in order to obtain 10 wt% Ni, 5.6 wt% Ce 2 O. 3 was further supported. Thus, the catalyst of Preparation Example 2 (represented as Ir—Ni—Ce 2 O 3 / SiO 2 ) was obtained.
(調製例3)
塩化イリジウム水溶液に代えて、塩化パラジウム(II)水溶液を用いたこと以外は、調製例2と同様にして、0.6重量%のPd、10重量%のNi、5.6重量%のCe2O3を担持させた調製例3の触媒(Pd−Ni−Ce2O3/SiO2と表す)を得た。
(Preparation Example 3)
0.6 wt% Pd, 10 wt% Ni, 5.6 wt% Ce 2 in the same manner as in Preparation Example 2, except that an aqueous palladium (II) chloride solution was used instead of the iridium chloride aqueous solution. A catalyst of Preparation Example 3 carrying O 3 (represented as Pd—Ni—Ce 2 O 3 / SiO 2 ) was obtained.
(比較調製例3)
上記触媒担体2に、硝酸ニッケルと硝酸セリウムの混合水溶液を含浸し、これに続いてアンモニア処理、乾燥、水素を含む還元性気流での焼成を順次行って、10重量%のNi、5.6重量%のCe2O3を担持させた。こうして、比較調製例3の触媒(Ni−Ce2O3/SiO2と表す)を得た。
(Comparative Preparation Example 3)
The catalyst carrier 2 is impregnated with a mixed aqueous solution of nickel nitrate and cerium nitrate, followed by ammonia treatment, drying, and calcination in a reducing air stream containing hydrogen in order to obtain 10 wt% Ni, 5.6. Weight percent Ce 2 O 3 was supported. In this way, a catalyst of Comparative Preparation Example 3 (represented as Ni—Ce 2 O 3 / SiO 2 ) was obtained.
(比較調製例4)
塩化イリジウム水溶液に代えて、ヘキサクロロ白金(IV)酸水溶液を用いたこと以外は、調製例2と同様にして、1.0重量%のPt、10重量%のNi、5.6重量%のCe2O3を担持させた比較調製例5の触媒(Pt−Ni−Ce2O3/SiO2と表す)を得た。
[酸素透過膜の作製]
(Comparative Preparation Example 4)
1.0 wt% Pt, 10 wt% Ni, 5.6 wt% Ce, in the same manner as in Preparation Example 2, except that a hexachloroplatinic (IV) acid aqueous solution was used instead of the iridium chloride aqueous solution. The catalyst of Comparative Preparation Example 5 carrying 2 O 3 (represented as Pt—Ni—Ce 2 O 3 / SiO 2 ) was obtained.
[Preparation of oxygen permeable membrane]
(実施例2〜3、比較例3〜4)
調製例2〜3及び比較調製例3〜4で得られた触媒をそれぞれ用い、上述した酸素透過膜の作製方法と同様にして、実施例2〜3及び比較例3〜4の酸素透過膜をそれぞれ作製した。実施例2〜3が調製例2〜3の触媒を用いた場合に、比較例3〜4が比較調製例3〜4の触媒を用いた場合にそれぞれ該当する。
[酸素透過速度の評価]
(Examples 2-3, Comparative Examples 3-4)
Using the catalysts obtained in Preparation Examples 2-3 and Comparative Preparation Examples 3-4, respectively, the oxygen-permeable membranes of Examples 2-3 and Comparative Examples 3-4 were prepared in the same manner as the above-described oxygen-permeable membrane preparation method. Each was produced. When Examples 2-3 use the catalysts of Preparation Examples 2-3, Comparative Examples 3-4 correspond to the cases of using the catalysts of Comparative Preparation Examples 3-4, respectively.
[Evaluation of oxygen transmission rate]
実施例2〜3及び比較例3〜4の酸素透過膜をそれぞれ用い、上述した酸素透過速度の評価方法と同様の方法により、これらの酸素透過速度(単位:μmol/cm2/秒)を測定した。かかる測定は、部分酸化改質反応の温度を950℃とした条件で行った。得られた結果を表1に示す。
[炭素析出量の測定]
Using each of the oxygen permeable membranes of Examples 2-3 and Comparative Examples 3-4, the oxygen permeation rate (unit: μmol / cm 2 / sec) was measured by the same method as the oxygen permeation rate evaluation method described above. did. This measurement was performed under the condition where the temperature of the partial oxidation reforming reaction was 950 ° C. The obtained results are shown in Table 1.
[Measurement of carbon deposition]
実施例2〜3及び比較例3〜4の酸素透過膜に対し、それぞれ「酸素透過速度の評価」と同じ条件で部分酸化改質反応を5時間行った後、反応後の各酸素透過膜を回収した。これらをそれぞれ10℃/分の昇温速度で800℃まで昇温させたときの重量減少を、熱重量分析計(MAC Science社製、TG2000S)を用いて測定した。そして、各酸素透過膜で得られた重量減少の値から、部分酸化改質反応による炭素析出量(重量%)を求めた。得られた結果を表1に示す。
表1より、Niに貴金属としてIr及びPdをそれぞれ加えた触媒を用いた実施例2及び3の酸素透過膜は、貴金属を加えなかった比較例3、Ptを加えた触媒を用いた比較例4の酸素透過膜と比べて、高い酸素透過速度が得られることが確認された。また、実施例2及び3の酸素透過膜は、比較例3及び4の酸素透過膜に比べて部分酸化改質反応による炭素析出が少ないことも判明した。
[触媒の作製:SiO2を触媒担体に用いた場合]
From Table 1, the oxygen permeable membranes of Examples 2 and 3 using a catalyst obtained by adding Ir and Pd as noble metals to Ni are Comparative Example 3 where no precious metal was added, and Comparative Example 4 using a catalyst containing Pt. It was confirmed that a high oxygen permeation rate can be obtained as compared with the oxygen permeable membrane. It was also found that the oxygen permeable membranes of Examples 2 and 3 had less carbon deposition due to the partial oxidation reforming reaction than the oxygen permeable membranes of Comparative Examples 3 and 4.
[Catalyst preparation: When SiO 2 is used as a catalyst carrier]
(調製例4)
硝酸ニッケルと硝酸セリウムの混合水溶液に代えて、硝酸ニッケルと硝酸プラセオジムの混合水溶液を用いたこと以外は、上述した調製例2と同様にして、1.1重量%のIr、10重量%のNi、5.6重量%のPr2O3を担持させた調製例4の触媒(Ir−Ni−Pr2O3/SiO2と表す)を得た。
(Preparation Example 4)
1.1 wt% Ir, 10 wt% Ni in the same manner as in Preparation Example 2 except that a mixed aqueous solution of nickel nitrate and praseodymium nitrate was used instead of the mixed aqueous solution of nickel nitrate and cerium nitrate. A catalyst of Preparation Example 4 (represented as Ir—Ni—Pr 2 O 3 / SiO 2 ) supporting 5.6 wt% Pr 2 O 3 was obtained.
(調製例5)
硝酸ニッケルと硝酸セリウムの混合水溶液に代えて、硝酸ニッケルと硝酸ランタンの混合水溶液を用いたこと以外は、調製例2と同様にして、1.1重量%のIr、10重量%のNi、5.6重量%のLa2O3を担持させた調製例5の触媒(Ir−Ni−La2O3/SiO2と表す)を得た。
[酸素透過膜の作製]
(Preparation Example 5)
1.1 wt% Ir, 10 wt% Ni, 5 wt% in the same manner as in Preparation Example 2, except that a mixed aqueous solution of nickel nitrate and lanthanum nitrate was used instead of the mixed aqueous solution of nickel nitrate and cerium nitrate. A catalyst of Preparation Example 5 (represented as Ir—Ni—La 2 O 3 / SiO 2 ) supporting 6 wt% La 2 O 3 was obtained.
[Preparation of oxygen permeable membrane]
(実施例4〜5)
調製例4〜5で得られた触媒をそれぞれ用い、上述した酸素透過膜の作製方法と同様にして、実施例4〜5の酸素透過膜をそれぞれ作製した。実施例4〜5が調製例4〜5の触媒を用いた場合に該当する。
[酸素透過速度の評価]
(Examples 4 to 5)
Each of the catalysts obtained in Preparation Examples 4 to 5 was used to prepare oxygen permeable membranes of Examples 4 to 5 in the same manner as the above-described oxygen permeable membrane preparation method. Examples 4 to 5 correspond to cases where the catalysts of Preparation Examples 4 to 5 were used.
[Evaluation of oxygen transmission rate]
実施例2、4及び5の酸素透過膜をそれぞれ用い、上述した酸素透過速度の評価方法と同様の方法により、これらの酸素透過速度(単位:μmol/cm2/秒)を測定した。かかる測定は、部分酸化改質反応の温度を種々に変化させて行った。得られた結果を表2及び図7に示す。表2の酸素透過速度の結果は、部分酸化改質反応の温度を950℃とした場合に得られた結果である。また図7は、各酸素透過膜を用いて得られた部分酸化改質反応の温度に対する酸素透過速度の変化を示すグラフである。図7中、L21が実施例2、L22が実施例4、L23が実施例5の酸素透過膜を用いた場合にそれぞれ該当する。
[炭素析出量の測定]
These oxygen permeation rates (unit: μmol / cm 2 / sec) were measured using the oxygen permeable membranes of Examples 2, 4 and 5, respectively, by the same method as the oxygen permeation rate evaluation method described above. Such measurement was performed by changing the temperature of the partial oxidation reforming reaction in various ways. The obtained results are shown in Table 2 and FIG. The results of the oxygen permeation rate in Table 2 are the results obtained when the temperature of the partial oxidation reforming reaction was 950 ° C. FIG. 7 is a graph showing the change in oxygen transmission rate with respect to the temperature of the partial oxidation reforming reaction obtained using each oxygen permeable membrane. In FIG. 7, L21 corresponds to the case of using the oxygen permeable membrane of Example 2, L22 to Example 4, and L23 to Example 5, respectively.
[Measurement of carbon deposition]
実施例2、4及び5の酸素透過膜に対し、それぞれ「酸素透過速度の評価」と同じ条件で部分酸化改質反応を5時間行った後、反応後の各酸素透過膜を回収した。これらをそれぞれ10℃/分の昇温速度で800℃まで昇温させたときの重量減少を、熱重量分析計(MAC Science社製、TG2000S)を用いて測定した。各酸素透過膜で得られた重量減少の値から、部分酸化改質反応による炭素析出量を求めた。この炭素析出は、全て燃料であるメタンに起因するものとみなし、得られた炭素析出量から、燃料として用いたメタンのうちの炭素に転化した量(単位:ppm)を算出した。得られた結果を表2に示す。
表2より、助触媒としてセリウム酸化物(Ce2O3;調製例2)、プラセオジム酸化物(Pr2O3;調製例4)及びランタン酸化物(La2O3;調製例5)のいずれを用いた場合であっても優れた酸素透過速度が得られることが確認された。また、セリウム酸化物を用いた場合に比べて、プラセオジム酸化物又はランタン酸化物を用いた場合の方が、炭素析出を抑制できることが判明した。
[酸素透過膜の作製:酸素透過膜の膜厚と炭素析出との関係]
From Table 2, any of cerium oxide (Ce 2 O 3 ; Preparation Example 2), praseodymium oxide (Pr 2 O 3 ; Preparation Example 4) and lanthanum oxide (La 2 O 3 ; Preparation Example 5) as a co-catalyst It was confirmed that an excellent oxygen permeation rate was obtained even when using. It was also found that carbon deposition can be suppressed when praseodymium oxide or lanthanum oxide is used compared to when cerium oxide is used.
[Preparation of oxygen permeable membrane: Relationship between film thickness of oxygen permeable membrane and carbon deposition]
(所定の厚さを有する酸素透過層の調製)
CeO2(85モル%)−Sm2O3(15モル%)の酸素イオン伝導体と、MnFe2O4の電子伝導体の混合物を調製した。この混合物を、有機バインダー及び有機溶媒中に分散させ、得られた分散液を用いて、テープキャスティング法により厚さ20〜30μmのグリーンシートを作製した。このグリーンシートを、所望の酸素透過膜の厚さが得られるように複数枚積層し、空気中でこれを焼成して有機バインダーや有機溶媒を除去した後、1000〜1600℃で更に焼結させた。これにより95〜225μmの範囲で厚さが異なる複数の酸素透過層を形成した。
(Preparation of oxygen-permeable layer having a predetermined thickness)
A mixture of an oxygen ion conductor of CeO 2 (85 mol%)-Sm 2 O 3 (15 mol%) and an electron conductor of MnFe 2 O 4 was prepared. This mixture was dispersed in an organic binder and an organic solvent, and a green sheet having a thickness of 20 to 30 μm was prepared by a tape casting method using the obtained dispersion. A plurality of the green sheets are laminated so that a desired thickness of the oxygen permeable film is obtained, and the green sheet is fired in air to remove the organic binder and the organic solvent, and then further sintered at 1000 to 1600 ° C. It was. Thereby, a plurality of oxygen permeable layers having different thicknesses in the range of 95 to 225 μm were formed.
(酸素透過膜の作製)
触媒として上記調製例2で得られたもの(Ir−Ni−Ce2O3/SiO2)を用い、また、酸素透過層として上記の厚さが異なる複数の酸素透過層をそれぞれ用い、上述の酸素透過膜の作製方法と同様にして、厚さが異なる酸素透過層をそれぞれ有する複数の酸素透過膜を作製した。
[炭素析出量の測定]
(Production of oxygen permeable membrane)
Using the catalyst obtained in Preparation Example 2 (Ir—Ni—Ce 2 O 3 / SiO 2 ) as a catalyst, and using a plurality of oxygen permeable layers having different thicknesses as the oxygen permeable layer, A plurality of oxygen permeable membranes each having an oxygen permeable layer having a different thickness were produced in the same manner as the method for producing the oxygen permeable membrane.
[Measurement of carbon deposition]
酸素透過層の厚さが異なる複数の酸素透過膜をそれぞれ用い、上述した「酸素透過速度の評価」と同様にして、反応温度950℃、反応時間5時間の条件で部分酸化改質反応を行った後、反応後の各酸素透過膜を回収した。これらをそれぞれ10℃/分の昇温速度で800℃まで昇温させたときの重量減少を、熱重量分析計(MAC Science社製、TG2000S)を用いて測定した。そして、各酸素透過膜で得られた重量減少の値から、部分酸化改質反応による炭素析出量(重量%)を求めた。得られた結果を図8に示す。 Using a plurality of oxygen permeable membranes with different thicknesses of oxygen permeable layers, a partial oxidation reforming reaction was performed under the conditions of a reaction temperature of 950 ° C. and a reaction time of 5 hours in the same manner as in the above-mentioned “evaluation of oxygen transmission rate”. Thereafter, each oxygen permeable membrane after the reaction was recovered. The weight loss when these were heated up to 800 ° C. at a temperature rising rate of 10 ° C./min was measured using a thermogravimetric analyzer (manufactured by MAC Science, TG2000S). And the amount of carbon deposition (weight%) by partial oxidation reforming reaction was calculated | required from the value of the weight reduction obtained by each oxygen permeable film. The obtained result is shown in FIG.
図8は、酸素透過層の厚さに対する炭素析出量の変化を示すグラフである。図8に示すように、140μmを超えると炭素析出量が大幅に多くなることが確認された。このことから、Ir−Ni−Ce2O3/SiO2を触媒層として有する酸素透過膜は、140μm以下の酸素透過層を有することで、炭素析出量を大幅に低減して酸素透過性の低下を抑止できることが判明した。 FIG. 8 is a graph showing changes in the amount of deposited carbon with respect to the thickness of the oxygen permeable layer. As shown in FIG. 8, it was confirmed that the amount of carbon deposition was significantly increased when the thickness exceeded 140 μm. From this, the oxygen permeable membrane having Ir—Ni—Ce 2 O 3 / SiO 2 as the catalyst layer has an oxygen permeable layer of 140 μm or less, thereby significantly reducing the amount of carbon deposition and lowering the oxygen permeability. It was found that can be deterred.
1…酸素透過層、2…触媒層、4…支持層、6…担体層、8…触媒、10…酸素透過膜、20…水素発生部、22…反応室、24…供給室、30…水素分離部、32…水素分離膜、36…混合気導入室、38…水素排出室、40…連結管、100…水素発生装置。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Oxygen permeable layer, 2 ... Catalyst layer, 4 ... Support layer, 6 ... Carrier layer, 8 ... Catalyst, 10 ... Oxygen permeable membrane, 20 ... Hydrogen generating part, 22 ... Reaction chamber, 24 ... Supply chamber, 30 ... Hydrogen Separation part, 32 ... hydrogen separation membrane, 36 ... mixture introduction chamber, 38 ... hydrogen discharge chamber, 40 ... connecting pipe, 100 ... hydrogen generator.
Claims (4)
前記触媒層は、担体及びこの担体に付着した触媒から構成されており、前記触媒として、Ni、並びに、Ru、Ir及びPdのうちの少なくとも1種を含有する、酸素透過膜。 An oxygen permeable layer, and a catalyst layer provided in contact with the oxygen permeable layer,
The said catalyst layer is comprised from the support | carrier and the catalyst adhering to this support | carrier, The oxygen permeable film containing at least 1 sort (s) of Ni and Ru, Ir, and Pd as said catalyst.
前記酸素透過膜は、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の酸素透過膜であり、
前記反応室は、前記酸素透過膜の前記触媒層側に位置しており、当該反応室において、前記燃料化合物と前記供給室から前記酸素透過膜を透過した酸素との反応により水素を含む気体を生じさせる、水素発生装置。
A supply chamber to which a gas containing oxygen is supplied, a reaction chamber to which a gas containing a fuel compound having a hydrocarbon structure is supplied, and an oxygen permeable membrane that partitions the supply chamber and the reaction chamber,
The oxygen permeable membrane is the oxygen permeable membrane according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The reaction chamber is located on the catalyst layer side of the oxygen permeable membrane, and in the reaction chamber, a gas containing hydrogen is generated by a reaction between the fuel compound and oxygen that has passed through the oxygen permeable membrane from the supply chamber. Generate hydrogen generator.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007210940A JP2008189540A (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2007-08-13 | Oxygen permeable membrane and system for generating hydrogen |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007004800 | 2007-01-12 | ||
| JP2007210940A JP2008189540A (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2007-08-13 | Oxygen permeable membrane and system for generating hydrogen |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2008189540A true JP2008189540A (en) | 2008-08-21 |
Family
ID=39749198
Family Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007210940A Pending JP2008189540A (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2007-08-13 | Oxygen permeable membrane and system for generating hydrogen |
| JP2007210943A Active JP5233202B2 (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2007-08-13 | Reforming catalyst |
Family Applications After (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007210943A Active JP5233202B2 (en) | 2007-01-12 | 2007-08-13 | Reforming catalyst |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (2) | JP2008189540A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010153253A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2010-07-08 | Japan Petroleum Exploration Co Ltd | Fuel cell system equipped with oxygen generation apparatus and hydrogen generation apparatus |
| JP2012187551A (en) * | 2011-03-14 | 2012-10-04 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | Porous ceramic filter, method for producing the same and gas separation method |
| CN116139910A (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-05-23 | 昆明理工大学 | New use of nickel-based re-hydroxylation silicon-based catalyst |
| JP2023527419A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2023-06-28 | コリア リサーチ インスティテュート オブ ケミカル テクノロジー | Ammonia decomposition catalyst and ammonia decomposition and hydrogen production method using the same |
| CN116750715A (en) * | 2023-05-31 | 2023-09-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | An oxygen permeable membrane hydrogen production method and application |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009241061A (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-10-22 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | Catalyst for hydrogen production, process for producing hydrogen, and fuel cell system |
| US7879754B2 (en) | 2008-04-21 | 2011-02-01 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Sulfur-tolerant catalyst systems |
| JP6951140B2 (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2021-10-20 | 日本特殊陶業株式会社 | Reforming method, reforming equipment and reforming structure |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63248444A (en) * | 1987-04-03 | 1988-10-14 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Catalyst for steam reforming and/or partial oxidation of hydrocarbons |
| JP2002085946A (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-03-26 | Teikoku Oil Co Ltd | Ceramic membrane reactor and low pressure hydrogen production method using the same |
| JP2002104808A (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-04-10 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel reforming method |
| JP2003190792A (en) * | 2001-10-15 | 2003-07-08 | Teikoku Oil Co Ltd | Catalytic ceramic composite and synthesis gas production method |
| JP2003265963A (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2003-09-24 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Hydrocarbon reforming catalyst, method for producing the same, and method for reforming hydrocarbons using the catalyst |
| JP2003327411A (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2003-11-19 | Yokohama Tlo Co Ltd | Fuel reformer and fuel reforming method for fuel cell |
| JP2005503980A (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2005-02-10 | プラクスエア・テクノロジー・インコーポレイテッド | Syngas production using oxygen transfer membranes |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63238198A (en) * | 1987-03-26 | 1988-10-04 | Kyushu Refract Co Ltd | Production of synthetic natural gas |
| JPH0611401B2 (en) * | 1989-02-28 | 1994-02-16 | 智行 乾 | Methanol reforming catalyst |
| JP3313766B2 (en) * | 1992-07-15 | 2002-08-12 | 財団法人石油産業活性化センター | Thin film catalyst for steam reforming |
| JP3667801B2 (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 2005-07-06 | 出光興産株式会社 | Method for producing ruthenium catalyst and method for steam reforming hydrocarbon using the catalyst |
| JP3291538B2 (en) * | 1995-04-20 | 2002-06-10 | 独立行政法人産業技術総合研究所 | Methanol decomposition catalyst and method for producing the same |
-
2007
- 2007-08-13 JP JP2007210940A patent/JP2008189540A/en active Pending
- 2007-08-13 JP JP2007210943A patent/JP5233202B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63248444A (en) * | 1987-04-03 | 1988-10-14 | Tokyo Gas Co Ltd | Catalyst for steam reforming and/or partial oxidation of hydrocarbons |
| JP2002085946A (en) * | 2000-09-20 | 2002-03-26 | Teikoku Oil Co Ltd | Ceramic membrane reactor and low pressure hydrogen production method using the same |
| JP2002104808A (en) * | 2000-09-27 | 2002-04-10 | Hitachi Ltd | Fuel reforming method |
| JP2005503980A (en) * | 2001-04-24 | 2005-02-10 | プラクスエア・テクノロジー・インコーポレイテッド | Syngas production using oxygen transfer membranes |
| JP2003190792A (en) * | 2001-10-15 | 2003-07-08 | Teikoku Oil Co Ltd | Catalytic ceramic composite and synthesis gas production method |
| JP2003265963A (en) * | 2002-03-14 | 2003-09-24 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | Hydrocarbon reforming catalyst, method for producing the same, and method for reforming hydrocarbons using the catalyst |
| JP2003327411A (en) * | 2002-05-10 | 2003-11-19 | Yokohama Tlo Co Ltd | Fuel reformer and fuel reforming method for fuel cell |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010153253A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2010-07-08 | Japan Petroleum Exploration Co Ltd | Fuel cell system equipped with oxygen generation apparatus and hydrogen generation apparatus |
| JP2012187551A (en) * | 2011-03-14 | 2012-10-04 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | Porous ceramic filter, method for producing the same and gas separation method |
| JP2023527419A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2023-06-28 | コリア リサーチ インスティテュート オブ ケミカル テクノロジー | Ammonia decomposition catalyst and ammonia decomposition and hydrogen production method using the same |
| JP7550887B2 (en) | 2020-05-28 | 2024-09-13 | コリア リサーチ インスティテュート オブ ケミカル テクノロジー | Ammonia decomposition catalyst and method for decomposing ammonia and producing hydrogen using the same |
| CN116139910A (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2023-05-23 | 昆明理工大学 | New use of nickel-based re-hydroxylation silicon-based catalyst |
| CN116139910B (en) * | 2023-02-15 | 2024-03-22 | 昆明理工大学 | A new use of nickel-based rehydroxylation silicon-based catalyst |
| CN116750715A (en) * | 2023-05-31 | 2023-09-15 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | An oxygen permeable membrane hydrogen production method and application |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2008188587A (en) | 2008-08-21 |
| JP5233202B2 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5233202B2 (en) | Reforming catalyst | |
| US6913739B2 (en) | Platinum group metal promoted copper oxidation catalysts and methods for carbon monoxide remediation | |
| JP5105937B2 (en) | Method for reducing carbon monoxide concentration | |
| KR101331108B1 (en) | Method for preparing oxidation catalyst and catalysts prepared by the method | |
| US20200001248A1 (en) | Dual function composite oxygen transport membrane | |
| JP2009292706A (en) | Fuel reforming module and its operation method | |
| US20030203813A1 (en) | Catalyst for selective oxidation of carbon monoxide present in hydrogen-containing gases, and elimination of carbon monoxide and solid polymer electrolyte fuel cell system which make use of the catalyst | |
| EP1558519A2 (en) | Suppression of methanation activity of platinum group metal water-gas shift catalysts | |
| CN101160170B (en) | Precious metal water-gas shift catalyst with oxide support modified with rare earth elements | |
| JP2009062258A (en) | Fuel reforming module and hydrogen generating apparatus | |
| JP2012061398A (en) | Catalyst for producing hydrogen, method for manufacturing the catalyst, and method for producing hydrogen by using the catalyst | |
| JP2010279911A (en) | Catalyst for manufacturing hydrogen, manufacturing method of the catalyst, and manufacturing method of hydrogen using the catalyst | |
| KR100858924B1 (en) | Supported catalyst for producing hydrogen gas by steam reforming of liquefied natural gas, method for producing same and method for producing hydrogen gas using said supported catalyst | |
| JP2013017913A (en) | Steam-reforming catalyst and hydrogen production process using the same | |
| RU2450968C2 (en) | PROCESS CONDITIONS FOR Pt-Re BIMETALLIC WATER GAS SHIFT CATALYSTS, CATALYSTS | |
| JPH1085586A (en) | Functional materials, oxidation catalysts, combustion catalysts, methanol reforming catalysts, and electrode catalysts | |
| WO2003051493A2 (en) | Platinum group metal promoted copper oxidation catalysts and methods for carbon monoxide remediation | |
| JP4882997B2 (en) | Fuel reforming module and hydrogen generator | |
| JP4514419B2 (en) | Hydrocarbon partial oxidation catalyst, method for producing the same, and method for producing hydrogen-containing gas | |
| JP2011104565A (en) | Catalyst for producing hydrogen and method for producing hydrogen by using the same | |
| JP2004283775A (en) | Carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst composition | |
| JP2009057269A (en) | Oxygen permeation module and system for generating hydrogen | |
| JP7173142B2 (en) | Steam reforming catalyst and fuel cell system using the same | |
| JP2005034778A (en) | Monolith catalyst | |
| JP2007160254A (en) | Carbon monoxide selective oxidation catalyst and method for producing the same |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20080605 |
|
| A977 | Report on retrieval |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007 Effective date: 20110225 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20110301 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20110920 |