GB2037270A - Screen-printing ink containing a reducible metal oxide - Google Patents
Screen-printing ink containing a reducible metal oxide Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- GB2037270A GB2037270A GB7930697A GB7930697A GB2037270A GB 2037270 A GB2037270 A GB 2037270A GB 7930697 A GB7930697 A GB 7930697A GB 7930697 A GB7930697 A GB 7930697A GB 2037270 A GB2037270 A GB 2037270A
- Authority
- GB
- United Kingdom
- Prior art keywords
- screen
- ink
- oxide
- printing
- printing ink
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);praseodymium(3+) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Pr+3].[Pr+3] MMKQUGHLEMYQSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910003447 praseodymium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 101150004094 PRO2 gene Proteins 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910002637 Pr6O11 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-terpineol Chemical compound CC1=CCC(C(C)(C)O)CC1 WUOACPNHFRMFPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N delta-terpineol Natural products CC(C)(O)C1CCC(=C)CC1 SQIFACVGCPWBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229940116411 terpineol Drugs 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- ZFZQOKHLXAVJIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc;boric acid;dihydroxy(dioxido)silane Chemical compound [Zn+2].OB(O)O.O[Si](O)([O-])[O-] ZFZQOKHLXAVJIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 23
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 for example Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004377 microelectronic Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K1/00—Printed circuits
- H05K1/02—Details
- H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
- H05K1/092—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/02—Printing inks
- C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
- Parts Printed On Printed Circuit Boards (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Printed Wiring (AREA)
Abstract
A screen-printing ink suitable for making thick film circuits and which comprises (i) an "active material", (ii) a vitreous material, and (iii) an organic binder, is characterised by the inclusion of (iv) 1-10 vol.% of at least one metal oxide which, during firing in a neutral or weakly-reducing atmosphere, oxidatively eliminates the organic binder while itself being reduced to a lower valency oxide which is incorporated in the vitreous phase. Exemplified constituents are (i) micronised conductive metals e.g. Cu, Ni; metal hexaborides; dielectric compounds e.g. Al2O3; (ii) a fritted zinc borosilicate or calcium boroaluminate glass; (iii) ethyl cellulose in terpineol; (iv) a cerium oxide or praseodymium oxide. The ink may be printed onto alumina and fired in N2 or N2 + H2.
Description
SPECIFICATION
Screen-printing ink which is fired in a non-oxidizing atmosphere
The invention relates to a screen-printing ink fired in a neutral or weakly reducing atmosphere, comprising an active material, a passive, vitreous material and an organic binder, this binder being completely removed during firing. The invention also relates to electric components which comprise at least one layer obtained by screen-printing with this ink and firing in a neutral or a weakly reducing atmosphere.
Such a screen-printing ink is used in the field of microelectronics, particularly for making thick film components by screen-printing on substrates generally consisting of aluminium oxide, such as hybrid circuits (converters, filters, networks having conductors, resistors and capacitors).
Such screen-printing inks find frequent use in industry, but the use of noble metals, such as gold, silver or palladium, as the metal active material renders these products relatively expensive. During the course of investigations into screen-printing inks, a range of inks containing no noble metals and which must be fired in a nitrogen atmosphere or in a weakly reducing atmosphere has been developed. Thus, United Kingdom
Patent Specification 1,489,031 describes a screen-printing ink based on copper, West German Offenlegungsschrift 2,755,935 describes a compatible insulating screen-printing ink and our co-pending Patent
Application 7,915,805 describes a compatible resistor obtained by screen-printing.
These screen-printing inks are prepared by mixing glass powder with conducting particles or with dielectric ceramic particles, and suspending the mixture in an organic binder. A pattern of the ink produced on a substrate by screen-printing, is fired in a neutral or weakly reducing atmosphere. Owing to the nature of the firing atmosphere, the organic binder may not be completely removed from the screen-printed layer and that contaminations remain behind which affect the intrinsic properties of said layers adversely. An object of the invention is to mitigate this drawback.
The invention provides a screen-printing ink which is fired in a neutral or weakly reducing atmosphere (as hereinafter defined) and comprises an active material, a passive vitreous material and an organic binder, this binder being completely removed during firing, characterized in that the ink contains from 1 to 10% by volume of one or more metal oxides which can be reduced to a lower valency metal oxide during firing of the ink. Throughout this Specification, a neutral or weakly reducing atmosphere is understood to be a neutral or weakly reducing atmosphere containing not more than 10 p.p.m. of oxygen. Such an atmosphere may consist, for example of pure nitrogen or of a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen containing 10% by volume of hydrogen.
In this manner these metal oxides act as oxidizing agents with respect to the organic binder, which can therefore be removed during firing without carbonization. The metal oxides are reduced to a lower valency and are incorporated in the vitreous phase without significantly changing the electric properties thereof. This particularly holds for insulating materials as regards the dielectric losses and the insulation resistance.
It should be noted that United States Patent Specification 3,609,483 describes a screen-printing paste comprising cerium oxide which is used for thick film capacitors. However, the cerium oxide in this paste is used as a substituent of the barium titanate in the dielectric basic compound and is not dispersed in the organic binder as an oxidizing agent for this binder. This is also the case for the ceramic material described in
United States Patent Specification 3,682,766, which comprises praseodymium oxide as the basic element of the ceramic.
United Kingdom Patent Specification 1,349,163 describes a protecting glass to which an oxide of a transition element is afterwards added to reduce the mobility of the alkali metal ions which might spoil the semiconductor element to be produced. Since these oxides are fired in an oxidizing atmosphere, these oxides are, however, reduced to different degress of oxidation, which cause electronic conduction in the glass owing to their simultaneous presence. This is detrimental to the components which are the subject of the present invention.
In one aspect of the invention, these oxides are selected from the cerium and the praseodymium oxides which can be reduced to lower valency metal oxides during firing of the ink. Preferably, praseodymium oxide Pr6O11 and/or PrO2 are added to the organic binder in a quantity by volume between 1 and 10%, as this is more easily dissolved in the glass.
An embodiment of the invention will now be described with reference to the following Example.
Example
In accordance with the conventional methods for the preparation of screen-printing inks, the active material, for example a conductive metal such as Cu or Ni, a metal compound, for example MeB6 or a dielectric compound such as Awl203, are ground into powder having an average particle size of the order of a micron. The passive material, for example a glass consisting of metal oxides and capable of being fired in a neutral or weakly reducing atmosphere, isfritted.
Suitable glasses, which are described in the above-mentioned Patent Applications, are zinc-borosilicate or calcium-boroaluminate glasses. The organic binder consists of a solution of a resin, for example, ethyl cellulose in terpineol, care being taken that the resin has completely dissolved and that the solution has a desired viscosity. The binder, the active material and the passive material are mixed in a mixing device with high shearing rates to obtain the screen-printing ink.
According to the present invention this ink, in quantities up to 10% by volume, one or more reducible metal oxides which can be added to any stage in the preparation of the ink. Preferably, this oxide is an oxide of a metal from group Ill-A of the periodic system of elements, such as cerium or praseodymium, which is first dispersed in the binder.
In accordance with one embodiment for obtaining a dielectric screen-printing paste as described in the above-mentioned German Offenlegungsschrift 2,755,935,45% by volume of pulverulent aluminium oxide is mixed with 55% by volume of glass powder having the following composition (expressed in molar percent):
ZnO 20%
SiO2 40% B203 15% A1203 5%
Cao 5%
SrO 15%
Thereafter this mixture is dispersed in an organic binder, for example a solution of ethyl cellulose in terpineol. After screen-printing the desired pattern of the ink on a substrate, the assembly is fired in nitrogen having a residual oxygen content of 10 p.p.m. The layers thus obtained have a certain friability and porosity owing to poor wetting of the glass by organic contaminations. When the ink, contains 2% by volume of Pr2O11, the cohesion and the density of the layers produced using this ink are improved in a reproducible manner. With a lower residual oxygen content than 10 p.p.m., it is sufficient to increase the quantity of oxide.
The following Table shows the electric properties of the layers obtained without and with the addition of praseodymium oxide:
TABLE
without addition with PreOii 1kHz 10 kHz 1kHz 10kHz 5 5 5 7 7 103tan ò 13 1 0.5 0.7
A similar effect is obtained with other screen-printing inks according to the invention which are fired in a non-oxidizing atmosphere.
Claims (5)
1. A screen-printing inkwhich is fired in a neutral or weakly-reducing atmosphere (as hereinbefore defined) and comprises an active material, a passive, vitreous material and an organic binder, this binder being completely removed during firing, characterized in that the ink contains from 1 to 10% by volume of one or more metal oxides which can be reduced to a lower valency metal oxide during firing of the ink.
2. A screen-printing ink as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that the metal oxide(s) is (are) a cerium oxide andior a praseodymium oxide which can be reduced to a lower valency metal oxide during firing of the ink.
3. A screen-printing ink as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterized in that it contains between 1 and 10% by volume of Pr6O11 andior PrO2.
4. A screen-printing ink as claimed in Claim 1, substantially as herein described with reference to the
Example.
5. An electric component comprising a substrate bearing a layerformed by screen-printing a screen-printing ink as claimed in any preceding Claim onto the substrate, drying the ink and firing the dried ink in a neutral or weakly-reducing atmosphere (as hereinbefore defined).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR7825860A FR2437427A1 (en) | 1978-09-08 | 1978-09-08 | SERIGRAPHIABLE INK, TO BE COOKED UNDER NON-OXIDIZING ATMOSPHERE |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| GB2037270A true GB2037270A (en) | 1980-07-09 |
| GB2037270B GB2037270B (en) | 1983-01-19 |
Family
ID=9212456
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB7930697A Expired GB2037270B (en) | 1978-09-08 | 1979-09-05 | Screen printing ink containing a reducible metal oxide |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPS5538882A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2935421C2 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2437427A1 (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2037270B (en) |
| NL (1) | NL7906601A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4548742A (en) * | 1983-12-19 | 1985-10-22 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Resistor compositions |
| US4649125A (en) * | 1984-04-13 | 1987-03-10 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Ceramic composition for dielectrics |
| US4777092A (en) * | 1986-05-02 | 1988-10-11 | Asahi Glass Company, Ltd. | Composition for ceramic substrate and substrate |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2508054A1 (en) * | 1981-06-19 | 1982-12-24 | Labo Electronique Physique | DEPARTURE MIXTURE FOR A SERIGRAPIABLE INK CONTAINING NON-OXIDIZING ATMOSPHERE-CONTAINING LEAD GLASS AND SERIGRAPIABLE INK OBTAINED |
| DE3145583A1 (en) * | 1981-11-17 | 1983-05-26 | Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart | PASTE FOR PRINTING SUBSTATES BY MEANS OF AN ELASTICALLY DEFORMABLE STAMP |
| DE3224349A1 (en) * | 1982-06-30 | 1984-01-05 | Degussa Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | SCREEN PRINT OIL FOR THE PRODUCTION OF FINE COLOR GRIDS AND RELIEF PRINTS ON CERAMIC MATERIALS |
| US4476039A (en) * | 1983-01-21 | 1984-10-09 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Stain-resistant ruthenium oxide-based resistors |
| GB8412606D0 (en) * | 1984-05-17 | 1984-06-20 | Murray J | Printed circuit boards |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR79239E (en) * | 1960-03-02 | 1962-11-09 | Du Pont | Composition of vitreous enamel and ceramic object |
| US3609483A (en) * | 1969-07-01 | 1971-09-28 | American Lava Corp | Thick film titanate capacitor composition |
| JPS5117028B1 (en) * | 1970-06-15 | 1976-05-29 | ||
| US3868334A (en) * | 1970-10-19 | 1975-02-25 | Airco Inc | Resistive glaze and paste compositions |
| JPS5399499A (en) * | 1977-02-09 | 1978-08-30 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Ink for variable resistance |
-
1978
- 1978-09-08 FR FR7825860A patent/FR2437427A1/en active Granted
-
1979
- 1979-09-01 DE DE19792935421 patent/DE2935421C2/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-04 NL NL7906601A patent/NL7906601A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1979-09-05 GB GB7930697A patent/GB2037270B/en not_active Expired
- 1979-09-05 JP JP11306079A patent/JPS5538882A/en active Granted
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4548742A (en) * | 1983-12-19 | 1985-10-22 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Resistor compositions |
| US4649125A (en) * | 1984-04-13 | 1987-03-10 | Ngk Insulators, Ltd. | Ceramic composition for dielectrics |
| US4777092A (en) * | 1986-05-02 | 1988-10-11 | Asahi Glass Company, Ltd. | Composition for ceramic substrate and substrate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2037270B (en) | 1983-01-19 |
| JPS6210552B2 (en) | 1987-03-06 |
| DE2935421C2 (en) | 1987-01-29 |
| FR2437427A1 (en) | 1980-04-25 |
| FR2437427B1 (en) | 1981-02-20 |
| NL7906601A (en) | 1980-03-11 |
| DE2935421A1 (en) | 1980-03-20 |
| JPS5538882A (en) | 1980-03-18 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCNP | Patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |