[go: up one dir, main page]

DE1119347B - Surface radiator for the emission and reception of electromagnetic waves from several widely spaced frequency bands - Google Patents

Surface radiator for the emission and reception of electromagnetic waves from several widely spaced frequency bands

Info

Publication number
DE1119347B
DE1119347B DET17928A DET0017928A DE1119347B DE 1119347 B DE1119347 B DE 1119347B DE T17928 A DET17928 A DE T17928A DE T0017928 A DET0017928 A DE T0017928A DE 1119347 B DE1119347 B DE 1119347B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
frequency bands
emission
reception
electromagnetic waves
widely spaced
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DET17928A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Hans-Dietrich Kuehne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefunken Patentverwertungs GmbH
Original Assignee
Telefunken Patentverwertungs GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DED25217A external-priority patent/DE1100098B/en
Application filed by Telefunken Patentverwertungs GmbH filed Critical Telefunken Patentverwertungs GmbH
Priority to DET17928A priority Critical patent/DE1119347B/en
Publication of DE1119347B publication Critical patent/DE1119347B/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
    • H01Q19/132—Horn reflector antennas; Off-set feeding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/06—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens
    • H01Q19/08—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/104—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces using a substantially flat reflector for deflecting the radiated beam, e.g. periscopic antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/40—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements
    • H01Q5/45—Imbricated or interleaved structures; Combined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)

Description

Bei Richtfunkstrecken besteht neuerdings die Aufgabe, über eine Antenne bzw. über einen Umlenkspiegel mehrere weit auseinander liegende Frequenzbänder, z. B. die Frequenzbänder 2, 4 und 6 GHz, zu schicken. Die Bündelung einer Richtantenne kann mit Rücksicht auf die Ausbreitungsbedingungen und die mechanischen Schwankungen des Antennenträgers nicht beliebig scharf gemacht werden. Als untere, allerdings nicht sehr scharfe Grenze für die Halbwertsbreite der Strahlungscharakteristik wird im allgemeinen ein mittlerer Wert von 2° angenommen. Die Bündelung eines Flächenstrahlers ist nun um so schärfer, je größer seine Dimensionen, gemessen in Wellenlängen, sind. Die Bündelung einer gegebenen Antenne nimmt also mit steigender Frequenz zu bzw. die Halbwertsbreite ab. Vorausgesetzt ist dabei, daß sich die Belegung der Fläche nicht wesentlich ändert.In the case of directional radio links, there has recently been the task of using an antenna or a deflecting mirror several widely spaced frequency bands, e.g. B. the frequency bands 2, 4 and 6 GHz, too send. The bundling of a directional antenna can take into account the propagation conditions and the mechanical fluctuations of the antenna carrier are not made arbitrarily sharp. As lower, however, there is generally not a very sharp limit for the half-width of the radiation pattern an average value of 2 ° assumed. The bundling of a surface radiator is now all the more sharper, the larger its dimensions, measured in wavelengths, are. The bundling of a given The antenna increases with increasing frequency or the half width decreases. The prerequisite is that the occupancy of the area does not change significantly.

Ist z. B. ein Umlenkspiegel so dimensioniert, daß seine Strahlungscharakteristik bei 2 GHz etwa die noch zulässige Größe der Halbwertsbreite von 2° besitzt, so wird diese bei 4 GHz nur noch 1° und bei 6 GHz nur noch 0,6° betragen, d. h., daß bei den höheren Frequenzbändern die Bündelung dieser Antenne weit über das zulässige Maß hinausgeht.Is z. B. dimensioned a deflecting mirror so that its radiation pattern at 2 GHz about the If the width at half maximum still has a permissible size of 2 °, it is only 1 ° at 4 GHz and at 6 GHz are only 0.6 °, i.e. This means that in the higher frequency bands the bundling of this antenna goes far beyond the permissible level.

Im Hauptpatent wird bei einem Flächenstrahlei zur Ausstrahlung und zum Empfang elektromagnetischer Wellen mehrerer weit auseinander liegender Frequenzbänder, z. B. 2-, 4- und 6-GHz-Band, die bei den höheren Frequenzen auftretende Verschmälerung der Hauptkeule ganz oder teilweise dadurch ausgeglichen, daß die Phase der Aperturbelegung des Flächenstrahlers eine entsprechende Frequenzabhängigkeit aufweist. Die Frequenzabhängigkeit wird dadurch erreicht, daß die Enden des Reflektors mit je einer Stufe versehen sind.In the main patent, a surface beam is used to transmit and receive electromagnetic radiation Waves of several widely spaced frequency bands, e.g. B. 2, 4 and 6 GHz bands, the The narrowing of the main lobe occurring at the higher frequencies is completely or partially compensated by this, that the phase of the aperture occupancy of the surface radiator has a corresponding frequency dependency having. The frequency dependence is achieved in that the ends of the reflector each with a stage are provided.

Ein solches Beispiel zeigt die Fig. 1 an Hand eines rhombischen Umlenkspiegels. Der obere Teil der Figur zeigt den Spiegel von vorn und der untere Teil von oben. Die rhombische Apertur 1 ist für die tiefste Frequenz der Wellenlänge X1 optimal ausgelegt, d. h., in der Breitenausdehnung ist der Spiegel so groß gewählt, daß die gerade noch zulässige Bündelung erreicht wird. Damit nun bei der doppelten Frequenz der Wellenlänge X2 diese maximal zulässige Bündelung nicht überschritten wird, sind die Enden des Spiegels um den Betrag h = X2li vorgezogen, so daß bei der Wellenlänge X2 Auslöschung auftritt. Die effektive Größe des Spiegels für die Wellenlänge A2 ist also durch den Raum zwischen den beiden abgewinkelten Endteilen gegeben, abzüglich einer Fläche, die gleich der der beiden Endteile ist. Dabei kann der Abstand zwischen den beiden abgewinkelten Teilen des Spie-Flächenstrahler zur AusstrahlungSuch an example is shown in FIG. 1 using a rhombic deflecting mirror. The upper part of the figure shows the mirror from the front and the lower part from above. The rhombic aperture 1 is optimally designed for the lowest frequency of the wavelength X 1 , that is, the width of the mirror is chosen to be so large that the just permissible bundling is achieved. So that this maximum permissible bundling is not exceeded at twice the frequency of the wavelength X 2 , the ends of the mirror are brought forward by the amount h = X 2li, so that extinction occurs at the wavelength X 2. The effective size of the mirror for the wavelength A 2 is therefore given by the space between the two angled end parts, minus an area which is equal to that of the two end parts. The distance between the two angled parts of the Spie surface radiator can be used for emission

und zum Empfang elektromagnetischerand to receive electromagnetic

Wellen mehrerer weit auseinanderliegenderWaves of several far apart

FrequenzbänderFrequency bands

Zusatz zum Patent 1100 098Addition to patent 1100 098

Anmelder:
TelefunkenApplicant:
Telefunken

Patentverwertungsgesellschaft m. b. H.,
Ulm/Donau, Elisabethenstr. 3Patentverwertungsgesellschaft mb H.,
Ulm / Danube, Elisabethenstr. 3

Hans-Dietrich Kühne, Backnang (Württ),
ist als Erfinder genannt wordenHans-Dietrich Kühne, Backnang (Württ),
has been named as the inventor

gels gerade so bemessen werden, daß auch für X2 die noch eben zulässige Bündelung auftritt. Für die tiefen Frequenzen (X1) bleiben die Endzipfel 2 und der entsprechende Anteil der Fläche 1 praktisch unwirksam, da die Höhe h = A2/4 ist. Umgerechnet auf X1 beträgt h ja nur X118, daher tritt also für die längere Welle X1 nur eine entsprechende Verschlechterung des Wirkungsgrades auf.gels are just dimensioned in such a way that the bundling that is just permissible also occurs for X 2. For the low frequencies (X 1 ) , the end lobes 2 and the corresponding portion of the area 1 remain practically ineffective, since the height h = A 2/4 . Converted to X 1 , h is only X 118 , so only a corresponding deterioration in efficiency occurs for the longer wave X 1.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird nun vorgeschlagen, die abgestuften Teile auf ihrer Oberfläche derart mit Rippen zu versehen, daß diese für die längste Welle (X1) wirksam sind, während sie für die kürzeste Welle (X9) unwirksam sind.According to the invention it is now proposed to provide the stepped parts on their surface with ribs in such a way that they are effective for the longest shaft (X 1 ) , while they are ineffective for the shortest shaft (X 9 ).

Vorteilhaft ist es, zusätzlich die Polarisation der elektromagnetischen Wellen der beiden zu übertragenden Bänder um 90° verschieden zu machen,It is advantageous to additionally polarize the electromagnetic waves of the two to be transmitted To make tapes different by 90 °,

z. B. für 2 GHz horizontale Polarisation und für 4 GHz vertikale Polarisation zu wählen.z. B. to choose horizontal polarization for 2 GHz and vertical polarization for 4 GHz.

Die Fig. 2 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung. Der rhombische Spiegel 1 ist nach seinen Enden zu mit von oben nach unten verlaufenden Rippen versehen, die einen gegenseitigen Abstand von A1/4 und eine Höhe h von X2/i haben, wobei X2 die kürzere Welle bedeutet. Die PolarisationsrichtungFig. 2 shows an embodiment of the invention. The rhombic mirror 1 is provided at its ends with ribs running from top to bottom, which have a mutual spacing of A 1/4 and a height h of X 2 / i , where X 2 means the shorter shaft. The direction of polarization

109 749/401109 749/401

der Welle A1 ist vertikal, während A2 horizontal polarisiert ist.of wave A 1 is vertical while A 2 is horizontally polarized.

Da der Abstand der Rippen A1/4 ist, kann die längere Welle A1 nicht in den abgestuften Teil eindringen, d. h., die längere Welle A1 wird so reflektiert, als ob die Spiegelfläche durch die Rippenoberkante weiterginge. Die Stufe ist praktisch völlig unwirksam.Since the spacing of the ribs is A 1/4 , the longer wave A 1 cannot penetrate the stepped part, that is, the longer wave A 1 is reflected as if the mirror surface continued through the upper edge of the rib. The stage is practically completely ineffective.

Die kürzere Welle A2 dagegen dringt voll in den gestuften, mit Rippen versehenen Teil des Spiegels ein. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich zwischen dem abgestuften Teil des Spiegels und dem nicht abgestuften Teil ein Gangunterschied von 2 · A2/4 = A2/2, so daß eine entsprechend kleinere Fläche des Gesamtspiegels für die kürzere Welle wirksam ist. Da die wirksame Spiegelfläche für die kürzere Welle kleiner ist, ergibt sich eine Verbreiterung der Charakteristik.The shorter shaft A 2, on the other hand, penetrates fully into the stepped, ribbed part of the mirror. This results in a path difference of 2 · A 2/4 = A 2/2 between the stepped part of the mirror and the non-stepped part, so that a correspondingly smaller area of the total mirror is effective for the shorter shaft. Since the effective mirror surface for the shorter wave is smaller, the characteristic is broadened.

Es ist nicht unbedingt notwendig, die Polarisationsrichtung für die kürzere Welle A2 horizontal zu wählen. Sie kann vielmehr in Fig. 2 auch die gleiche Polarisationsrichtung haben wie die längere Welle A1. Da nämlich der Rippenabstand A1/4 beträgt, ist der Abstand, bezogen auf A2, gleich A2/2, weil die beiden Frequenzen 2 und 4 GHz sind; d. h. aber, daß die kürzere Welle A2 oberhalb der Grenzfrequenz der durch die Rippen gebildeten Schicht liegt, so daß die Welle bis auf den Boden dringt und somit der zur Auslöschung erforderliche Gangunterschied entsteht.It is not absolutely necessary to choose the polarization direction for the shorter wave A 2 to be horizontal. Rather, it can also have the same polarization direction in FIG. 2 as the longer wave A 1 . Since the rib spacing is A 1/4 , the spacing with respect to A 2 is equal to A 2/2 because the two frequencies are 2 and 4 GHz; that is, however, that the shorter wave A 2 lies above the cut-off frequency of the layer formed by the ribs, so that the wave penetrates to the bottom and the path difference required for extinction is thus created.

Ist dagegen für A1 horizontale Polarisation erforderlich, so muß man auf den Endteilen die Rippen nicht wie in Fig. 2 vertikal, sondern horizontal anbringen. Der Abstand der Rippen muß dabei wieder so gewählt sein, daß A1 nicht eindringen kann.If, on the other hand, horizontal polarization is required for A 1 , then the ribs must not be fitted vertically on the end parts, as in FIG. 2, but horizontally. The distance between the ribs must again be chosen so that A 1 cannot penetrate.

Die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung eines Flächenstrahlers für zwei Frequenzbänder hat vor allem den Vorteil, daß praktisch keine Energie bei der langen Welle A1 verlorengeht.The inventive design of a surface radiator for two frequency bands has the main advantage that practically no energy is lost in the long wave A 1 .

Claims (3)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE:PATENT CLAIMS: 1. Flächenstrahler zur Ausstrahlung und zum Empfang elektromagnetischer Wellen mehrerer weit auseinander liegender Frequenzbänder, bei dem die bei den höheren Frequenzen auftretende Verschmälerung der Hauptkeule ganz oder teilweise dadurch ausgeglichen wird, daß die Phase der Aperturbelegung des Flächenstrahlers eine entsprechende Frequenzabhängigkeit aufweist durch Stufung der Endteile des Spiegels nach Patent 1100 098, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Endteile derart mit Rippen versehen sind, daß diese für die längste Welle (A1) wirksam, während sie für die kürzeste Welle (A2) unwirksam sind.1. Surface emitter for the emission and reception of electromagnetic waves of several widely spaced frequency bands, in which the narrowing of the main lobe occurring at the higher frequencies is fully or partially compensated by the fact that the phase of the aperture occupancy of the surface emitter has a corresponding frequency dependency by grading the end parts of the Mirror according to patent 1100 098, characterized in that the end parts are provided with ribs in such a way that they are effective for the longest shaft (A 1 ) while they are ineffective for the shortest shaft (A 2). 2. Flächenstrahler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zusätzlich die Polarisation der elektrischen Wellen der beiden zu übertragenden Frequenzbänder um 90°, z. B. für 2 GHz vertikal und für 4 GHz horizontal verschieden gewählt ist.2. Surface emitter according to claim 1, characterized in that in addition the polarization the electrical waves of the two frequency bands to be transmitted by 90 °, z. B. for 2 GHz vertically and differently chosen for 4 GHz horizontally. 3. Flächenstrahler nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Rippen einen gegenseitigen Abstand von etwa A/4 und eine Höhe von ebenfalls etwa A/8 haben, bezogen auf die längere Wellenlänge.3. Surface radiator according to claim 1, characterized in that the ribs have a mutual distance of about A / 4 and a height of also about A / 8 , based on the longer wavelength. Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings © 109 749/401 12.61© 109 749/401 12.61
DET17928A 1957-03-22 1960-02-24 Surface radiator for the emission and reception of electromagnetic waves from several widely spaced frequency bands Pending DE1119347B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DET17928A DE1119347B (en) 1957-03-22 1960-02-24 Surface radiator for the emission and reception of electromagnetic waves from several widely spaced frequency bands

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DED25217A DE1100098B (en) 1957-03-22 1957-03-22 Surface radiator for the emission and reception of electromagnetic waves from several widely spaced frequency bands
DET17928A DE1119347B (en) 1957-03-22 1960-02-24 Surface radiator for the emission and reception of electromagnetic waves from several widely spaced frequency bands

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE1119347B true DE1119347B (en) 1961-12-14

Family

ID=25970796

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DET17928A Pending DE1119347B (en) 1957-03-22 1960-02-24 Surface radiator for the emission and reception of electromagnetic waves from several widely spaced frequency bands

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE1119347B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0024808A1 (en) * 1979-08-23 1981-03-11 The Marconi Company Limited Dual frequency aerial feed arrangements

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0024808A1 (en) * 1979-08-23 1981-03-11 The Marconi Company Limited Dual frequency aerial feed arrangements

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE1027260B (en) Funnel antenna
DE2502610A1 (en) INTRUSION SENSOR FOR A MICROWAVE BARRIER
DE2505375A1 (en) ANTENNA SYSTEM CONSISTS OF A PARABOLIC MIRROR AND AN EXCITER
DE69219233T2 (en) Group antenna for the ultra-high frequency range
DE1441642C3 (en) High-frequency antenna for the emission of several beams staggered according to the elevation angle
DE2810483C2 (en) Antenna with a feed waveguide having slots and a radiator line enclosing an angle with this
DE2330654C3 (en) Emitter line in which the club-shaped radiation pattern can be pivoted by changing the frequency
DE1119347B (en) Surface radiator for the emission and reception of electromagnetic waves from several widely spaced frequency bands
AT221589B (en) Surface radiator for emitting and receiving electromagnetic waves from several widely spaced frequency bands
DE1118282B (en) Surface radiator for the emission and reception of electromagnetic waves from several widely spaced frequency bands
DE856010C (en) Antenna with horizontal radiation for ultrashort waves
DE547216C (en) Shortwave antenna
AT223661B (en) Deflecting mirror for electromagnetic waves of several widely spaced frequency bands
DE1119348B (en) Surface radiator for the emission and reception of electromagnetic waves from several widely spaced frequency bands
DE961899C (en) Directional antenna
DE2603055C3 (en) Excitation system for reflector antennas
DE480201C (en) Device for clearly directed sending and receiving by means of electrical waves
DE1093432B (en) Surface radiator for the emission and reception of electromagnetic waves from several widely spaced frequency bands
DE2240305C3 (en) Flat surface antenna emitting several bundles of rays
DE943776C (en) Rotatable antenna system for radars
DE2727980C2 (en)
DE1441012C (en) Arrangement for changing the polarization of an electromagnetic wave
DE1146142B (en) Surface radiator for emitting and receiving electromagnetic waves from several, preferably two, frequency bands that are apart
AT119660B (en) System for directional transmission or reception of electrical waves.
DE1932028B2 (en) RADAR DEVICE WITH DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA MADE OF PHASE ADJUSTABLE SINGLE BEAMS FOR SENDING SEVERAL DIFFERENT FREQUENCY RADAR SIGNALS