DE10240548A1 - Adsorbent material, for atomic/biological/chemical protective clothing, is in a lightweight multi-layer structure with carrier and barrier and adsorbent layers which allow the escape of perspiration - Google Patents

Abstract

The adsorbent material (1), especially for protective clothing, is composed of a flat carrier material (2), a barrier layer (3) impermeable to air but permeable to water vapor, and an adsorption layer (4) of discrete active carbon particles and impregnated with a catalyst of enzymes and/or metal ions. The barrier layer has a water vapor permeability of at least 20 liters/m2 in a 24 hour period at 25degreesC, with a thickness of 50 mum. The carrier is a textile fabric, permeable to air, and the structure has a covering layer (5) of a woven fusible fabric. The carrier layer is used at the side of the material towards the source of danger.

Description

The present invention relates to an adsorbent material according to the preamble of claim 1, in particular for the Manufacture of protective materials such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective covers (e.g. for Ambulance transports) and the like, especially for the ABC use, as well Process for its preparation and its use in the previous mentioned protective materials.

There are a number of substances that absorbed by the skin and become severe physical damage to lead. Examples include the blistering mustard (yellow cross) and that Nerve poison Sarin mentioned. People who can come into contact with such poisons must have one wear suitable protective suit or suitable protective materials protected against these poisons become.

There are basically three types of Protective suits: The air and water vapor impermeable protective suits that with one for impervious to chemical poisons Rubber layer are equipped and heat accumulates very quickly to lead, the air and water vapor permeable Protective suits, the highest Offer comfort, and finally protective suits that are equipped with a membrane, which is water vapor, not but those mentioned Let poisons through.

Protective suits against chemical warfare agents, the for a longer one Use under a wide variety of conditions are allowed at carrier do not lead to heat build-up. Therefore, one mainly uses air-permeable Materials.

The air permeable, permeable protective suits generally an adsorption layer with activated carbon, which the chemical poisons binds very permanently, so that even highly contaminated suits for the carrier no danger poses. The big advantage of this system is that the Activated carbon is also accessible on the inside, so that there is no damage or other leaks very quickly adsorbed who. Under extreme conditions, for example when a drop of a thickened poison from a greater height on a slightly open area of the outer material occurs and breaks through to coal, can the coal layer locally briefly overwhelmed his.

The adsorption layer in the previous described, breathable, permeable protective suits is in most cases designed such that either on average up to approximately 1.0 mm activated carbon particles a carrier printed piles of adhesive are bound or that a reticulated PU foam coated with a "carbon paste" (i.e. binder and activated carbon) is used as the adsorption layer, the adsorption layer generally by an 'outer fabric' (i.e. a masking material) is added and to the wearer facing inside covered by a light textile material is. Occasionally, however, you will also find composites that form an activated carbon sheet, so z. B. include an activated carbon fleece.

Protective suits are also used, which are equipped with a membrane which is designed to be permeable to water vapor to increase comfort, but at the same time acts as a barrier layer against liquids, in particular toxins. Such a material is for example in the EP 0 827 451 A2 described. Protective suits with a membrane which is permeable to water vapor but impermeable to poisons, in particular skin poisons, have the disadvantage that poisons which have penetrated at leaky points remain inside the protective suit and are absorbed by the skin of the wearer.

The German laid-open publication originating from the applicant's house DE 198 29 975 A1 describes adsorption materials for protective suits with a water-vapor-permeable membrane that also acts as a barrier layer against liquids on the basis of a polyurethane and an adsorption layer based on activated carbon. However, the water vapor permeability achieved with the materials described there is not always satisfactory, especially not under extreme operating conditions.

It is now the object of the present invention an adsorption or To provide protective material, which avoids the disadvantages described above and especially for the production of ABC protective materials such as protective suits, protective gloves, Protective covers and the like is suitable.

Another task of the present Invention is an adsorbent material, in particular for Use in protective materials such as protective suits, protective gloves, protective covers and the like, which - in addition to a water vapor permeable, the passage of chemical warfare agents and toxins in particular (e.g. skin toxins) strongly delaying Membrane - one Contains adsorption layer based on activated carbon. There is also a certain one Weight saving of the adsorption material is aimed for.

Another task of the present Invention is to provide an adsorbent material especially for use in protective materials such as protective suits, protective gloves, Protective covers and the like, which is very comfortable to wear guaranteed.

Finally, it is a further object of the present invention to provide the adsorbent material which is the subject of the German laid-open document which originated from the applicant's house DE 198 29 975 A1 is to develop further.

The present invention proposes to solve the problem described above Adsorption material according to claim 1 or claim 42 before. Further advantageous refinements of the adsorption material according to the invention are the subject of the subclaims (claims 2 to 41 and 43 to 47).

Another subject of the present Invention are methods for producing the adsorbent material according to the invention, as in the claims 48 to 58 are described.

Another subject of the present The invention is the use of the adsorption material according to the invention for Manufacture of protective materials, especially protective suits, protective gloves, Protective covers (e.g. for patient transport) and the like, preferably for the ABC insert as described in claims 59 and 60 is.

Finally, there is another subject of the present invention protective materials such as protective suits, protective gloves, Protective covers (e.g. for Ambulance), protective suits and the like, especially for the ABC insert, which is produced with the adsorption material according to the invention are and in the claims 61 to 63 are described.

The adsorption material according to the invention has a barrier layer with an extremely high water vapor permeability of at least 20 l / m ² per 24 h at a thickness of 50 μm (measured according to the "inverted beaker method" and at 25 ° C.). As a result, when using the adsorption material according to the invention in protective materials, such as. B in protective suits, protective gloves, protective covers and the like, ensures a particularly high level of comfort.

The carrier material, the adsorption layer and the cover material, if any, reduce the water vapor permeability of the adsorption material somewhat overall - in comparison to the pure barrier layer; the water vapor permeability of the adsorption material overall is nevertheless very high and amounts to at least 10 l / m ² per 24 h with a thickness of the barrier layer of 50 μm (at 25 ° C.).

The good wearing properties are further improved by using an activated carbon-based adsorption layer due to the buffering effect of the activated carbon. When using, for example, activated carbon beads as the adsorbent material for the adsorption layer, conditions of up to about 250 g / m ² or more are common, so that, for. B. in the event of a sweat, about 40 g / m ^{2 of} moisture can be stored, which can then be released to the outside through the barrier layer. A protective suit made on the basis of such a material can theoretically store around 150 g of moisture.

The water vapor permeability a compact, i.e. non-porous or continuous (closed) layer of spores is always based on the presence of hydrophilic segments. To ensure good moisture transport with only moderate swelling to achieve, the hydrophilic areas should be numerous, but only have a medium water-binding capacity.

In the case of the invention So the layer is a layer that is permeable to water vapor, their permeability to poisons or warfare agents is low. Picked up by the barrier layer Moisture increased the blocking effect. The swellability in water should at most Amount to 35%.

A typical procedure for the production of the adsorption material according to the invention is as follows: To produce the layer of sponge provided according to the invention, an aqueous dispersion of a prepolymer, masked or blocked isocyanate (e.g. IMPRAPERM ^® VP LS 2329 from Bayer AG Leverkusen) and one is preferred isocyanate-reactive crosslinker (e.g. IMPRAFIX ^® VP LS 2330 from Bayer AG Leverkusen). Further dispersions which are also suitable according to the invention are e.g. B. in the EP 0 784 097 A1 described, the entire disclosure content of which is hereby incorporated by reference. In order to guarantee sufficient storage stability of the dispersion, the reduced reactivity of the masked or blocked isocyanate group is a careful compromise; on the other hand, the hydrophilic segments must only lead to a moderate swelling of the resulting layer of spores. Dispersions of this type can be applied as a very thin coat and penetrate only a little into the carrier material, which is preferably oleophobic (on the one hand, the oleophobicization of the carrier material has the advantage that the warfare agents or toxins are repelled from the finished adsorbent material or "bead off" from it) , and on the other hand, during the production of the adsorption material, the applied dispersion is not or only slightly absorbed by the carrier material). This coating can then be dried without crosslinking, so that a very sticky, closed layer is formed on the carrier, which is then provided with adsorbents, which ultimately form the adsorption layer. Due to the high initial adhesion, the adsorbents stick where they hit. The adhesive is then z. B. crosslinked at about 160 to 180 ° C, wherein it is advantageous to press the adsorbents simultaneously (z. B. with a flat calender). After the adhesive has been crosslinked, the adsorption layer can also be provided with a cover layer which, for. B. is made to stick with the help of printed hot-melt adhesive dots or a hot-melt adhesive web. According to a special embodiment, the crosslinking of the adhesive and the lamination of the cover layer can also be carried out simultaneously. The result is an adsorption material according to the invention with a barrier layer based on a polyure than membrane (PU membrane).

According to the invention, it is equally possible, alternatively to the procedure described above, the adsorption layer on the not yet dried and still water-containing dispersion layer apply and only afterwards perform the drying and crosslinking of the dispersion layer.

According to a particular embodiment of the Invention can the barrier layer of the adsorbent material of the invention formed as a multi-layer laminate or as a multi-layer composite be, the laminate or the composite in particular from at least can consist of three interconnected layers or layers. According to one Design can the laminate or the composite z. B. a core layer based on a polymer based on polyurethane and two with the core layer connected exterior Layers also comprise polyurethane-based, i. H. so from three interconnected layers or layers, each based on polyurethane consist. According to another Design can the laminate or the composite z. B. a core layer based on a cellulosic polymer and two with the Core layer connected outer layers based on a polyurethane, wherein the core layer on Base of the cellulose-based polymer as 1 to 100 μm, in particular 5 to 50 μm, preferably 10 to 20 μm thick membrane can be formed and the two with the core layer connected outer layers based on a polyurethane in each case as 1 to 100 μm, in particular 5 to 50 μm, preferably 5 to 10 μm thick membrane can be formed.

As described above, according to one embodiment the present invention, the adsorbent material according to the invention Include cellulose-based polymeric layer. According to one particularly preferred embodiment of this embodiment can, as before described, the Spenschicht as a multi-layer laminate or as a multi-layer composite of at least three together connected layers or layers may be formed, with this embodiment preferably the core layer based on a cellulosic polymer and the two outer layers connected to the core layer based on one Polyurethane can be formed; that on the substrate applied first outer polyurethane-based Layer of the laminate or composite also serves as Adhesive layer for both the core layer as well for the carrier material, and the second outer polyurethane-based applied to the core layer Layer of the laminate or composite also serves as an adhesive layer for the on the of the carrier material opposite side of the barrier layer applied adsorption layer. The use of cellulosic polymers for the formation of Spenschicht, in particular as a core layer material and preferably combined with two polyurethane-based outer layers, has a number of advantages: On the one hand, cellulose and cellulose derivatives are excellent Spenschichtmaterials especially against chemical damage or Toxins such as B. warfare agents (Lost etc.), and are from these materials are not attacked or dissolved, and on the other hand prevent the polyurethane-based outer layers a migration or diffusion in the core layer if necessary existing plasticizers and steam also that due to the cellulose-based core layer, when worn as Crackling protection material.

Particularly homogeneous, even layer layers are obtained if you use the so-called "reverse process" works, d. H. if one considers the mass forming the layer of the layer (e.g. B. a PU dispersion) first on a removable or peelable separating layer (e.g. siliconized or waxed paper), subsequently dries and if necessary cross-linked and then another one Layer, which then with the backing material can be glued. After removing the separation layer you can on the side of the film previously covered with the release liner (i.e. H. that is to say from the carrier material opposite side of the film) another layer (e.g. a PU dispersion) apply, which also serves as an adhesive layer for the subsequently to be applied Adsorption layer serves. After applying the adsorption layer and drying and crosslinking of the layer material, if necessary with application of a covering material, an adsorption material according to the invention then results. The previously described embodiment of the method according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for the formation of multilayer layers in the form of a composite or laminate, e.g. B. layers of three layers interconnected or glued polyurethane layers or plies. For further details, reference can also be made to claim 58 become.

Different adsorbents, as defined in claims 30 to 35, can be used to form the adsorption layer. When using discrete activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granules ("granular carbon") or spherical ("spherical carbon"), for the formation of the adsorption layer, these preferably have average diameters of the activated carbon particles of <0.5 mm, preferably <0.4 mm, preferred <0.35 mm, particularly preferably <0.3 mm, very particularly preferably ≤ 0.25 mm, but at least 0.1 mm; the smaller activated carbon particles are preferred for applications in which good adsorption kinetics and a low weight of the adsorbent material are required, while the larger activated carbon particles are used in particular when a larger adsorption capacity is required.

Other advantages, properties, Aspects and features of the adsorption material according to the invention result from the following description of one shown in the drawing, preferred embodiment of the present invention. It shows:

1 a schematic representation of an adsorption material according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, which contains discrete activated carbon beads as the adsorption layer;

2 a schematic representation of an adsorption material according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, which contains an activated carbon sheet as the adsorption layer.

1 and 2 show an adsorbent material 1 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, which is particularly suitable for the production of protective materials of all kinds (e.g. protective suits, protective gloves, protective covers and the like). The adsorbent 1 has a particularly flat carrier material 2 , an at least substantially air-impermeable, water vapor-permeable layer of the layer 3 and an adsorption layer 4 on, the spenschicht 3 on the carrier material 2 is applied and at the same time as an adhesive layer for the on the carrier material 2 opposite side of the sperm layer 3 arranged adsorption layer 4 serves. In the embodiment according to 1 becomes the adsorption layer 4 formed by discrete spheres of activated carbon, while in the embodiment according to 2 the adsorption layer is formed by an activated carbon sheet in the form of a fabric with warp and weft threads. The Spenschicht 3 in both cases has a water vapor permeability of at least 20 l / m ² per 24 h at a thickness of 50 μm (based on a temperature of 25 ° C). In both embodiments is on the adsorption layer 4 another masking material 5 applied.

Further refinements, modifications and Variations of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the Description easily recognizable and feasible without him leaves the scope of the present invention.

The present invention is based on of the following embodiments which do not limit the present invention in any way.

EXAMPLES

Example 1:

A dispersion of a masked or blocked diisocyanate with the associated crosslinker (diisocyanate: IMPRAPERM ^® VP LS 2329 from Bayer AG Leverkusen and crosslinker: IMPRAFIX ^® VP LS 2330) is applied to an oleophobicized outer fabric (carrier material) in an amount of approximately 60 g / m ² Bayer AG Leverkusen) doctored and dried at about 100 ° C. During drying, a closed, sticky film of a prepolymeric polyurethane is formed which, on the one hand, after it has been crosslinked, prevents the direct penetration of toxins or warfare agents or greatly delays their penetration, thereby spreading them over a larger area.

The adsorption layer is then applied to this sticky film. The adsorption layer can either consist of an activated carbon fabric or other activated carbon sheets with a basis weight of preferably 50 to 100 g / m ² or of discrete activated carbon beads with average diameters 0,3 0.3 mm in an amount of about 100 g / m ² .

The adsorption layer is then covered with a light textile (approximately 15 to 30 g / m ² ), which is laminated on with the aid of a hot-melt adhesive web. With this lamination, the temperature must reach at least 160 ° C. in order to release the blocked isocyanate groups and to start the crosslinking.

The result is an adsorption material according to the invention with an essentially air-impermeable, water vapor-permeable barrier layer based on a PU membrane which has a water vapor permeability of at least 201 / m ² per 24 h at a thickness of 50 μm at 25 ° C. and at the same time as an adhesive for the the side of the barrier layer facing away from the carrier material (activated carbon sheet or discrete activated carbon spheres) is used. The adsorption material produced in this way is particularly suitable for the production of protective materials for all, in particular for the production of protective suits, protective gloves, protective covers and the like.

Example 2:

A dispersion of a masked or blocked diisocyanate with the associated crosslinker (diisocyanate: IMPRAPERM ^® VP LS 2329 from Bayer AG Leverkusen and crosslinker: IMPRAFIX ^® VP LS 2330 from Bayer AG) is placed on a siliconized paper in an amount of approximately 15 g / m ² Leverkusen) doctored and dried at about 160 ° C to about 180 ° C to form a film and crosslinked. The above-mentioned dispersion is again knife-coated onto this dried and crosslinked film in an amount of about 15 g / m ² and dried at about 100 ° C. During drying, a closed, sticky film of a prepolymeric polyurethane forms. An oleophobicized outer material (carrier material) is applied to the still sticky film, and the whole is crosslinked by heating to temperatures between about 160 ° C and about 180 ° C and then removes the siliconized paper.

Subsequently, the above-mentioned dispersion is knife-coated again onto the side of the previously produced polyurethane film covered with the siliconized paper in an amount of about 15 g / m ² and dried at about 100 ° C., so that a closed, sticky film of a prepolymeric polyurethane is formed forms, on which the adsorption layer is then applied. The adsorption layer can either consist of an activated carbon fabric or other activated carbon sheets with a basis weight of preferably 50 to 100 g / m ² or of discrete activated carbon beads with average diameters 0,3 0.3 mm in an amount of about 100 g / m ² . Then the adsorption layer is covered with a light textile (approx. 15 to 30 g / m ² ), which is laminated on with the help of a hot-melt adhesive web. With this lamination, the temperature must reach at least 160 ° C. in order to release the blocked isocyanate groups and to start the crosslinking.

The result is an adsorption material according to the invention with an essentially air-impermeable, water vapor-permeable barrier layer based on a three-layer PU composite membrane or a three-layer laminate with a water vapor permeability of at least 20 l / m ² per 24 h at a thickness of 50 μm and at 25 ° C. The adsorption material produced in this way is particularly suitable for the production of protective materials for all, in particular for the production of protective suits, protective gloves, protective covers and the like.

Claims (63)

Adsorbent material ( 1 ), in particular for the production of protective materials, comprising an in particular flat support material ( 2 ), an at least essentially air-impermeable, water vapor-permeable barrier layer ( 3 ) and an adsorption layer ( 4 ), the barrier layer ( 3 ) on the carrier material ( 2 ) is applied and at the same time as an adhesive layer for the on the carrier material ( 2 ) opposite side of the barrier layer ( 3 ) arranged adsorption layer ( 4 ), characterized in that the barrier layer ( 3 ) at 25 ° C has a water vapor permeability of at least 20 l / m ² per 24 h with a thickness of 50 μm. Adsorption material according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier material ( 2 ) is a preferably air-permeable textile material, in particular a textile fabric. Adsorption material according to claim 2, characterized in that this Textile material is a fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, scrim or textile composite is. Adsorption material according to claim 3, characterized in that the Textile composite is a fleece. Adsorption material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier material ( 2 ) is oleophobic, especially by special impregnation. Adsorption material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier material ( 2 ) has a weight per unit area of 50 to 300 g / m ² , in particular 75 to 250 g / m ² , preferably 90 to 175 g / m ² . Adsorption material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier material ( 2 ) is an air-permeable, 75 to 250 g / m ² , preferably 90 to 175 g / m ² heavy textile fabric, which can be oleophobic. Adsorbent material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spar layer ( 3 ) as a continuous, closed layer on the carrier material ( 2 ) is applied. Adsorbent material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the sperm layer ( 3 ) 1 to 1,000 μm, in particular 1 to 500 μm, preferably 5 to 250 μm, preferably 10 to 150 μm, particularly preferably from 10 to 100 μm, very particularly preferably from 20 to 50 μm. Adsorbent material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spar layer ( 3 ) is applied in amounts of 1 to 250 g / m ² , in particular 10 to 150 g / m ² , preferably 20 to 100 g / m ² , preferably 25 to 60 g / m ² , based on the dry weight of the spar layer ( 3 ). Adsorbent material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spar layer ( 3 ) is at most only slightly swellable, in particular where the swellability and / or the water absorption capacity of the sperm layer ( 3 ) at most 35%, in particular at most 25%, preferably at most 20%, based on the own weight of the layer of sperm ( 3 ). Adsorbent material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spar layer ( 3 ) is essentially impermeable to liquids, in particular water, and / or aerosols or at least delays their passage. Adsorbent material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sperm layer ( 3 ) is essentially impermeable to chemical poisons and warfare agents, in particular skin poisons, or at least delays their passage. Adsorbent material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spar layer ( 3 ) has no or essentially no strongly hydrophilic groups, especially no hydroxyl groups. Adsorption material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the barrier layer ( 3 ) has weakly hydrophilic groups, especially polyether groups. Adsorption material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the barrier layer ( 3 ) comprises and / or consists of a plastic and / or a polymer, in particular a polyurethane. Adsorption material according to claim 16, characterized in that the Plastic and / or the polymer in its main body long-chain alkyl and / or alkoxy chains include. Adsorption material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the barrier layer ( 3 ) is obtained as a reaction product from the reaction of an isocyanate, in particular a masked or blocked isocyanate, with an isocyanate-reactive crosslinker. Adsorption material according to claim 18, characterized in that this Isocyanate is a di- or polyisocyanate. Adsorption material according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that this Isocyanate has one or more urethane groups, in particular is blocked or masked NCO prepolymer, in particular the NCO prepolymer a number average molecular weight of 2,000 to 10,000, in particular 3,500 to 7,000, and / or the NCO prepolymer contains NCO groups from 0.5 to 5% by weight, based on the NCO prepolymer; has and / or the NCO prepolymer a content of alkoxy groups, in particular ethoxy groups, of 2 up to 50% by weight, in particular 5 to 25% by weight, based on the NCO prepolymer, has, preferably with sequence lengths of 3 to 50, and / or the NCO prepolymer an ionic group content of 5 to 30 meq (milliequivalents), in particular 10 to 20 meq, based on 100 g of the NCO prepolymer, having. Adsorption material according to one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that that the isocyanate-reactive crosslinking agents a diamine or polyamine and / or a diamine or is polyol. Adsorption material according to one of claims 18 to 21, characterized in that the isocyanate-reactive crosslinker is a diamine or polyamine with aliphatic and / or cycloaliphatic primary and / or secondary Amino groups such as 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane. Adsorption material according to one of claims 18 to 22, characterized in that that the ratio of blocked or masked isocyanate to form an isocyanate-reactive crosslinker, calculated as the equivalent blocked ratio NCO groups to isocyanate-reactive groups, 1: 0.9 to 1: 1.2. Adsorption material according to one of claims 18 to 23, characterized in that the barrier layer ( 3 ) based on a dispersion according to EP 0 784 097 A1 is preserved. Adsorption material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the barrier layer ( 3 ) comprises and / or consists of a cellulose-based polymer. Adsorption material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the barrier layer ( 3 ) is designed as a multi-layer laminate and / or as a multi-layer composite, in particular wherein the laminate and / or the composite consists of at least three interconnected layers or layers. Adsorption material according to claim 26, characterized in that this Laminate or the composite on a core layer based on a polymer Cellulose base and two outer layers bonded to the core layer based on a polyurethane, in particular as in claims 16 to 24 defined includes. Adsorption material according to claim 27, characterized in that the Core layer based on a cellulosic polymer as 1 to 100 μm, in particular 5 to 50 μm, preferably 10 to 20 μm thick membrane is formed and / or that the two with the core layer connected outer layers based on a polyurethane in each case as 1 to 100 μm, in particular 5 to 50 μm, preferably 5 to 10 μm thick membrane are formed. Adsorption material according to claim 26, characterized in that the laminate or the composite is a core layer based on a polymer based on a polyurethane, in particular as defined in claims 16 to 24, and two with the Core layer connected outer layers based on a polyurethane, in particular as defined in claims 16 to 24, comprises. Adsorption material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorption layer ( 4 ) consists of discrete activated carbon particles, preferably in the form of granules ("granular carbon") or spherical ("spherical carbon"), in particular where the average diameter of the activated carbon particles is in particular <0.5 mm, preferably <0.4 mm, preferably <0.35 mm , particularly preferably <0.3 min, very particularly preferably 0,2 0.25 mm, and / or the average diameter of the activated carbon particles is at least 0.1 mm. Adsorption material according to claim 30, characterized in that the adsorption material ( 1 ) the activated carbon particles in an amount of 5 to 500 g / m ² , in particular 10 to 400 g / m ² , preferably 20 to 300 g / m ² , preferably 25 to 250 g / m ² , particularly preferably 50 to 150 g / m ² , very particularly preferably 50 to 100 g / m ² , and / or that the activated carbon particles have an internal surface area (BET) of at least 800 m ² / g, in particular of at least 900 m ² / g, preferably at least 1,000 m ² / g , preferably in the range from 800 to 1,500 m ² / g. Adsorption material according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the adsorption layer ( 4 ) Activated carbon fibers, in particular in the form of an activated carbon sheet, comprises, in particular wherein the activated carbon sheet has a basis weight of 20 to 200 g / m ² , in particular 30 to 150 g / m ² , preferably 50 to 120 g / m ² . Adsorption material according to claim 32, characterized in that this Activated carbon fabrics an activated carbon fabric, knitted fabric, scrim or composite, in particular based on carbonized and activated cellulose and / or a carbonized and activated acrylonitrile. Adsorption material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorption layer ( 4 ) is also impregnated with at least one catalyst, in particular using enzymes and / or metal ions, preferably copper, silver, cadmium, platinum, palladium, zinc and / or mercury ions, and / or the amount of Catalyst 0.05 to 12% by weight, preferably 1 to 10% by weight, particularly preferably 2 to 8% by weight, based on the weight of the adsorption layer ( 4 ). Adsorption material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorption layer ( 4 ) at least 50%, in particular at least 60%, preferably at least 70%, for which poisons and warfare agents to be adsorbed are freely accessible and / or the adsorption layer ( 4 ) at most 50%, in particular at most 40%, preferably at most 30%, of the barrier layer ( 3 ) is covered. Adsorption material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorption material ( 1 ) also a cover layer ( 5 ), which on the adsorption layer ( 4 ) is applied. Adsorption material according to claim 36, characterized in that the cover layer ( 5 ) is attached to the adsorption layer, in particular by means of an adhesive which is preferably discontinuous, preferably punctiform, on the cover layer ( 5 ) is applied, or by means of a hot melt adhesive fabric ("hot melt adhesive web"). Adsorption material according to claim 36 or 37, characterized in that the cover layer ( 5 ) a preferably air-permeable textile material, in particular a textile fabric, preferably a woven fabric, knitted fabric, knitted fabric, scrim or textile composite such as. B. a fleece, in particular a polyamide / polyester fleece (PA / PES fleece). Adsorption material according to one of claims 36 to 38, characterized in that the covering material ( 5 ) is designed to be abrasion-resistant and in particular consists of an abrasion-resistant textile material. Adsorption material according to one of claims 36 to 39, characterized in that the covering material ( 5 ) has a weight per unit area of 5 to 75 g / m ² , in particular 10 to 50 g / m ² , preferably 15 to 30 g / m ² . Adsorption material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the adsorption material ( 1 ) at 25 ° C a water vapor permeability of at least 10 1 / m ² per 24 h, in particular at least 15 1 / m ² per 24 h, preferably at least 201 / m ² per 24 h, with a thickness of the spar layer ( 3 ) of 50 μm. Adsorbent material ( 1 ), in particular for the production of protective materials, comprising an in particular flat support material ( 2 ), an at least essentially air-impermeable, water vapor-permeable layer of sponge ( 3 ) and an adsorption layer ( 4 ), with the spench layer ( 3 ) on the carrier material ( 2 ) is applied and at the same time as an adhesive layer for the on the carrier material ( 2 ) opposite side of the spar layer ( 3 ) arranged adsorption layer ( 4 ), characterized in that the sperm layer ( 3 ) as a multilayer Laminate and / or is formed as a multilayer composite. Adsorption material according to claim 42, characterized in that this Laminate and / or the composite of at least three interconnected Layers or layers exist. Adsorption material according to claim 42 or 43, characterized in that that this Laminate or the composite a core layer based on a polymer based on cellulose or polyurethane and two with the core layer connected outer layers based on a polyurethane, in particular as in claims 16 defined to 24 includes. Adsorption material according to claim 44, characterized in that the Core layer based on a cellulosic polymer as 1 to 100 μm, in particular 5 to 50 μm, preferably 10 to 20 μm thick membrane is formed and / or that the two with the core layer connected outer layers based on a polyurethane in each case as 1 to 100 μm, in particular 5 to 50 μm, preferably 5 to 10 μm thick membrane are formed. Adsorbent material according to one of claims 42 to 45, characterized in that the spar layer ( 3 ) at 25 ° C has a water vapor permeability of at least 20 l / m ² per 24 h at a thickness of 50 μm and / or that the adsorption material ( 1 ) at 25 ° C a water vapor permeability of at least 10 l / m ² per 24 h, in particular at least 15 l / m ² per 24 h, preferably at least 20 l / m ² per 24 h, with a thickness of the barrier layer ( 3 ) of 50 μm. Adsorption material according to one of claims 42 to 46, characterized by the characteristics of the characteristic part of one or more of claims 2 to 41. Method for producing an adsorption material according to one of claims 1 to 47, characterized by the following process steps: (a) provision of a carrier material ( 2 ), as defined in claims 1 to 7 and 42, in particular in web form; then (b) application of a preferably aqueous dispersion containing an isocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive crosslinking agent, as defined in claims 18 to 24, to the carrier material ( 2 ), in particular by spraying, knife coating or the like and in amounts as defined in claims 9 and 10; then (c) predrying the dispersion applied in step (b), in particular until the water is removed, the predrying temperatures in particular being below the crosslinking temperature of the dispersion and preferably being about 80 ° C. to 120 ° C., particularly preferably about 100 ° C. , so that a continuous, closed, sticky layer or film is formed which, at the same time, acts as an adhesive layer for the adsorption layer () to be applied in the subsequent step (d) ( 4 ) serves; then (d) applying the adsorption layer ( 4 ), as defined in claims 1 and 30 to 35, on the still tacky adhesive layer produced in step (c), in particular in amounts as defined in claims 31 and 32; then (e) crosslinking the still tacky adhesive layer with heating above the crosslinking temperature, preferably at temperatures of 140 to 180 ° C. or more, so that a barrier layer ( 3 ), as defined in claims 1, 8 to 29 and 42 to 47, with the adsorption layer applied thereon ( 4 ) results; then (f) optionally applying a covering material ( 5 ), as defined in claims 36 to 40, onto the adsorption layer ( 4 ). A method according to claim 48, characterized in that the dispersion used in step (b) is a dispersion according to EP 0 784 097 A1 is. Method according to claim 48 or 49, characterized in that steps (e) and (f) are carried out simultaneously, in particular wherein the crosslinking of the still tacky adhesive layer together with the thermal lamination of the covering material ( 5 ) he follows. Method according to one of claims 48 to 50, characterized in that the adsorption layer ( 4 ) comprises an activated carbon sheet as defined in claims 32 to 35, which in step (d) is pressed or pressed onto the pre-dried, still tacky adhesive layer. Method according to one of claims 48 to 51, characterized in that the covering material ( 5 ) is thermally laminated in step (f) using a hot melt adhesive web or printed hot melt adhesive points. Method for producing an adsorption material according to one of claims 1 to 47, characterized by the following process steps: (a) provision of a carrier material ( 2 ), as defined in claims 1 to 7 and 42, in particular in web form; then (b) application of a preferably aqueous dispersion containing an isocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive crosslinking agent, as defined in claims 18 to 24, to the carrier material ( 2 ), in particular by spraying, knife coating or the like and in amounts as defined in claims 9 and 10; then (c) applying the adsorption layer ( 4 ), as defined in claims 1 and 30 to 35, onto the layer consisting of the dispersion applied in step (b), in particular in amounts as defined in claims 31 and 32; then (d) drying the layer consisting of the dispersion applied in step (b), optionally with crosslinking; then (e) optionally applying a covering material ( 5 ), as defined in claims 36 to 40, onto the adsorption layer ( 4 ) Process according to Claim 53, characterized in that the dispersion used in step (b) is a dispersion according to EP 0 784 097 A 1 is. A method according to claim 53 or 54, characterized in that steps (d) and (e) are carried out simultaneously, in particular wherein the drying and crosslinking of the layer consisting of the dispersion applied in step (b) together with the thermal lamination of the covering material ( 5 ) he follows. Method according to one of claims 53 to 55, characterized in that the covering material ( 5 ) is thermally laminated in step (e) using a hot melt adhesive web or printed hot melt adhesive points. Method for producing an adsorption material according to one of claims 1 to 47, characterized by the following process steps: (a) provision of a carrier material ( 2 ), as defined in claims 1 to 7 and 42, in particular in web form; then (b) application of a preferably aqueous dispersion containing an isocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive crosslinking agent, as defined in claims 18 to 24, to the carrier material ( 2 ), in particular by spraying, knife coating or the like and in amounts as defined in claims 9 and 10; then (c) predrying the dispersions applied in step (b), in particular until the water is removed, the predrying temperatures in particular being below the crosslinking temperature of the dispersion and preferably being about 80 ° C. to 120 ° C., particularly preferably about 100 ° C. 44, so that a continuous, closed, sticky layer or film is formed which, at the same time, acts as an adhesive layer for the layer and / or membrane to be applied in the subsequent step (d) and is based on a cellulose-based polymer, as in claims 25 to 28 and 44 and 45, serves; then (d) applying a layer and / or membrane based on a cellulose-based polymer as defined in claims 25 to 28 and 44 and 45 to the still tacky adhesive layer produced in step (c); then (e) applying a preferably aqueous dispersion containing an isocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive crosslinker, as defined in claims 18 to 24, to the layer and / or membrane applied in step (d) and based on a cellulose-based polymer, in particular by spraying , Doctor blades or the like and in amounts as defined in claims 9 and 10; then (f) optionally predrying the dispersions applied in step (e), in particular until the water is removed, the predrying temperatures in particular being below the crosslinking temperature of the dispersion and preferably about 80 ° C. to 120 ° C., particularly preferably about 100 ° C. amount, so that a continuous, closed, sticky layer or film is formed, which at the same time acts as an adhesive layer for the adsorption layer () to be applied in the subsequent step (g). 4 ) serves; then (g) applying the adsorption layer ( 4 ), as defined in claims 1 and 30 to 35, onto the layer consisting of the dispersion applied in step (e) or onto the still sticky adhesive layer produced in step (f), in particular in amounts as in claims 31 and 32 defines; then (h) drying and / or crosslinking the dispersion or the still tacky adhesive layer with heating above the crosslinking temperature, preferably at temperatures of 140 to 180 ° C. or more, so that a barrier layer ( 3 ), as defined in claims 1, 8 to 29 and 42 to 47, with the adsorption layer applied thereon ( 4 ) results; then (i) optionally applying a covering material ( 5 ), as defined in claims 36 to 40, onto the adsorption layer ( 4 ), in particular where step (i) can be carried out together with step (h). Method for producing an adsorption material according to one of claims 1 to 47, characterized by the following process steps: (a) providing a separating layer, in particular in the form of a preferably siliconized or waxed separating paper; then (b) applying a preferably aqueous dispersion containing an isocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive crosslinking agent, as defined in claims 18 to 24, to the separating layer, in particular by spraying, knife coating or the like and in amounts as defined in claims 9 and 10 ; then (c) predrying the layer consisting of the dispersion applied in step (b), in particular until the water is removed, if appropriate with crosslinking; then (d) reapplying a preferably aqueous gene dispersion containing an isocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive crosslinker, as defined in claims 18 to 24, onto the dried and optionally crosslinked layer obtained in step (c), in particular by spraying, knife coating or the like and in amounts as in the claims 9 and 10 defined; then (e) optionally predrying the second layer obtained in step (d), in particular until the water is removed, and applying a carrier material ( 2 ), as defined in claims 1 to 7 and 42, in particular in web form, on the second layer obtained in step (d); then (f) optionally predrying the second layer applied in step (d), in particular until the water is removed, if appropriate with crosslinking; then (g) removing the release liner; then (h) reapplying a preferably aqueous dispersion containing an isocyanate and an isocyanate-reactive crosslinking agent, as defined in claims 18 to 24, to the side of the layer obtained in step (c), dried and optionally crosslinked, which was previously covered with the separating layer, in particular, by spraying, knife coating or the like and in amounts as defined in claims 9 and 10; then (i) optionally predrying the dispersions applied in step (h), in particular until the water is removed, the predrying temperatures in particular being below the crosslinking temperature of the dispersion and preferably about 80 ° C. to 120 ° C., particularly preferably about 100 ° C. amount, so that a continuous, closed sticky layer or film is formed, which is also used as an adhesive layer for the adsorption layer () to be applied in the subsequent step (j). 4 ) serves; then (j) applying the adsorption layer ( 4 ), as defined in claims 1 and 30 to 35, on the layer consisting of the dispersion applied in step (h) or on the still sticky adhesive layer produced in step (i), in particular in amounts as in claims 31 and 32 defines; then (k) drying and / or crosslinking the dispersion or the still tacky adhesive layer with heating above the crosslinking temperature, preferably at temperatures of 140 to 180 ° C. or more, so that a barrier layer ( 3 ) based on a laminate or composite of three interconnected polyurethane layers with the adsorption layer applied thereon ( 4 ) results; then (l) optionally applying a covering material ( 5 ), as defined in claims 36 to 40, onto the adsorption layer ( 4 ), in particular wherein step (k) together with step ( 1 ) can be carried out. Use of an adsorption material according to one of claims 1 to 47 for the manufacture of protective materials of all kinds, in particular protective suits, protective gloves and protective covers, preferably for ABC use. Use according to claim 59, characterized in that the carrier material ( 2 ) faces the source of the pollutant. Protective materials, in particular protective suits, protective gloves and protective covers using an adsorbent material according to any one of claims 1 to 47 and / or comprising an adsorbent material according to one of claims 1 to 47th Protective materials according to claim 61, characterized in that the carrier material ( 2 ) faces the source of the pollutant. Protective materials according to claim 61 or 62, characterized in that they are protective suits and the carrier material ( 2 ) when wearing protective suits is arranged on the side facing away from the body.