CN201813703U - Protected agriculture film rainwater-collecting gravitational trickle irrigation - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a rain-collecting gravity drip irrigation system on a film surface for facility agriculture, which belongs to the technical field of agricultural water saving. In order to reduce groundwater exploitation, ensure water use for facility agriculture, reduce investment in traditional rain collection utilization, promote agricultural water conservation and increase farmers' income, the system provided by the utility model includes: rain collection filter device, including a flow collecting device connected to the facility agricultural membrane surface The tank and the sedimentation tank connected with the collection tank; the water storage and lifting device, including the rain cellar connected with the sedimentation tank and the submersible pump installed at the bottom of the rain cellar; the gravity drip irrigation device, including the submersible pump connected Gravity cistern and drip irrigation lines to gravity cistern. The implementation of this technical solution can avoid capital investment in the construction of a catchment field, and has high rain collection efficiency. It has the functions of regulating and storing rainwater, adjusting water temperature, purifying water quality, and drip irrigation and fertilization. It can achieve the goals of efficient use of rainwater and reduction of groundwater exploitation.

Description

A rain-collecting gravity drip irrigation system for facility agriculture

technical field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of agricultural water saving, in particular to a rain-collecting gravity drip irrigation system on a film surface for facility agriculture. the

Background technique

The existing rainwater storage and utilization mainly refers to a kind of micro-water conservancy project that builds rain-collecting fields, rain-collecting cellars, reservoirs and supporting water-saving irrigation facilities. Such projects alleviate the drought in some arid and semi-arid areas to a certain extent. , to ensure stable and high yield of crops. But there are still some deficiencies: first, the construction of artificial rain collection field increases the investment of the project and affects the economic benefits of the project; second, the rainwater utilization project is unreasonable and cannot improve the water production efficiency. the

The existing rainwater harvesting construction technology includes tile roof collecting surface, concrete collecting surface, soil collecting surface, sheet (block) stone lining collecting surface and plastic film anti-seepage collecting surface. The permeability coefficient of the flow surface can be improved to improve the flow collection efficiency of the flow surface and achieve the purpose of efficiently collecting rainwater. However, there are the following defects in the existing rainwater collection field construction: first, the collection efficiency is not high. According to the "Rainwater Harvesting and Utilization Technology and Practice" published by China Water Conservancy and Hydropower Press in 2001, the collection efficiency tests of different material collection surfaces in Gansu, Ningxia and other places, the annual concentration of the concrete material with the highest collection efficiency The flow efficiency is only 0.73-0.80; the second is that the construction of the rain collection field occupies the area of cultivated land. In the construction of the field collecting field, it is necessary to use cultivated land as the collecting surface, which reduces the effective cultivated area. the

The prior art rain cellar projects include water cellars, dry wells, reservoirs, flood ponds, and ponds and dams, among which water cellars and reservoirs are more widely used. Due to the different geological conditions and the ease of obtaining building materials in various places, there are many specifications for the design of water cellars and cisterns, including cuboid, spherical and cylindrical shapes. Water cellars and storage tanks mostly adopt closed structures to minimize water evaporation loss, and adopt various anti-seepage measures to reduce water leakage loss. However, there are major defects in the design of existing rain cellars: the regulation and storage function of rain cellars in dry and wet seasons is not fully considered, resulting in that the volume of rain cellars is too small to meet the demand for irrigation water, and the volume of rain cellars is too large. Waste of investment. the

Utility model content

(1) Technical problems to be solved

The technical problem to be solved by the utility model is to avoid the capital investment problem caused by the construction of the rain collection place, solve the problem of too large or too small rain collection cellars, improve the water quality of drip irrigation, realize the efficient utilization of rainwater and reduce the exploitation of groundwater. the

(2) Technical plan

In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the utility model provides a rain-collecting gravity drip irrigation system on a facility agricultural film surface, the system includes a rain-collecting and filtering device, a water storage and lifting device, and a gravity drip irrigation device, wherein,

The rain collecting and filtering device includes a sump connected to the agricultural film surface of the facility and a sedimentation tank connected to the sump;

The water storage and lifting device includes a rain cellar connected to the sedimentation tank and a submersible pump arranged at the bottom of the rain cellar;

The gravity drip irrigation device includes a gravity reservoir connected to the submersible pump and a drip irrigation pipeline connected to the gravity reservoir. the

A grid is arranged at the connection between the collecting tank and the water inlet of the sedimentation tank. the

The system also includes a first connecting pipe connected between the water outlet of the sedimentation tank and the water inlet of the rain cellar. the

A detachable filter screen is arranged on the first connecting pipe. the

The system also includes a second connecting pipe connected between the submersible pump and the water inlet of the gravity storage tank. the

The drip irrigation pipeline includes a water distribution branch connected to the water outlet of the gravity reservoir and a drip irrigation pipe connected to the water distribution branch. the

The water distribution branch pipe is a Φ50 PE pipe with elastic wall. the

The membrane surface and the gravity reservoir are arranged on the ground, and the bottom of the gravity reservoir is located at a position above 1m above the ground;

The collection tank, the sedimentation tank and the rain cellar are arranged under the ground, and the submersible pump is used to pump the stored water from the rain cellar into the gravity storage tank. the

An overflow port and an inspection well are arranged inside the rain-collecting cellar. the

(3) Beneficial effects

Compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the utility model has the following advantages:

(1) Utilizing the protected agricultural film surface as the rain collection surface not only avoids the capital investment in the construction of the catchment field, but also has high rain collection efficiency, and effective runoff can be formed when rainfall above 3mm;

(2) Through the installation of rain-collecting sedimentation and filtration devices, it plays the role of filtering rainwater and purifying water quality;

(3) The rain cellar and gravity storage tank play the role of regulating and storing rainwater, regulating water temperature, purifying water quality and dissolving fertilizer for drip irrigation and fertilization;

(4) Supply crop water and nutrients in small quantities and multiple times through gravity storage tanks and drip irrigation pipelines, which can improve crop yield and quality, achieve efficient use of rainwater and reduce groundwater exploitation. the

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the system structure schematic diagram provided by the technical solution of the embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the cross section of the collecting tank in the technical solution of the embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the collecting tank in the technical solution of the embodiment of the utility model;

Fig. 4 is the multi-year average monthly precipitation schematic diagram in the Beijing area provided in the utility model embodiment;

Fig. 5 is the cross-sectional schematic view of the standard solar greenhouse in Beijing area provided in the utility model embodiment;

Fig. 6 is the monthly water consumption schematic diagram of the typical planting stubble in Beijing area provided in the utility model embodiment;

Fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of the simulation calculation for calculating the reasonable volume of the water collection cellar in the embodiment of the utility model. the

Detailed ways

In order to make the purpose, content and advantages of the utility model clearer, the specific implementation of the utility model will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model more clearly, but not to limit the protection scope of the utility model. the

This embodiment firstly describes the structural features of the rain-collecting gravity drip irrigation system provided by the technical solution of the utility model. the

As shown in Figure 1, the system includes a rain collecting and filtering device, a water storage and lifting device and a gravity drip irrigation device; wherein,

The rain collecting and filtering device includes a collection tank 2 connected to the facility agricultural film surface 1 and a sedimentation tank 4 connected to the collection tank;

The water storage and lifting device includes a rain cellar 6 connected to the sedimentation tank 4 and a submersible pump 7 arranged at the bottom of the rain cellar 6;

The gravity drip irrigation device includes a gravity reservoir 9 connected to the submersible pump 7 and a drip irrigation pipeline connected to the gravity reservoir 9 . the

A grille 3 is provided at the connection between the end of the collecting tank 2 and the water inlet of the sedimentation tank 4, and the grille 3 is used to intercept larger debris in the rainwater;

The sedimentation tank 4 and the rain cellar 6 are all provided with a water inlet and a water outlet, the water inlet of the sedimentation tank 4 is connected to the grid 3, and the water outlet is connected to the rain cellar 6, and the sedimentation tank 4 is used for Sedimentation filters larger inorganic particles from rainwater. the

The system also includes a first connecting pipe 5 through which the water outlet of the sedimentation tank 4 is connected to the water inlet of the rain cellar 6 . the

A detachable filter screen is arranged on the first connecting pipe 5 . the

The system also includes a second connecting pipe 8;

The gravity reservoir 9 is provided with a water inlet and a water outlet;

The submersible pump 7 is connected to the water inlet of the gravity storage tank 9 through the water outlet of the rain cellar 6 and the second connecting pipe 8;

The drip irrigation pipeline includes a water distribution branch pipe 10 connected to the gravity reservoir 9 water outlets and a drip irrigation pipe 11 connected to the water distribution branch pipe 10;

The gravity storage tank 9 and the water distribution branch pipe 10 are connected by DN40 steel pipes and Φ50 PVC pipes. Valves and net filters are installed on the PVC pipes. The valves are used to control the water outlet of the gravity storage tank 9 and drip irrigation. The switch of the pipeline, the mesh filter is used to filter the drip irrigation water;

The water distribution branch pipe 10 is a Φ50 PE pipe with elastic wall;

The drip irrigation pipe 11 is vertically connected with the water distribution branch pipe through a bypass;

The facility agricultural film surface 1 and the gravity reservoir 9 are arranged on the ground, and the bottom of the gravity reservoir 9 is located above the ground, and the distance from the ground is at least 1m;

The collection tank 2, the grid 3, the sedimentation tank 4 and the rain cellar 6 are arranged under the ground, and the submersible pump 7 is used to pump the stored water from the rain cellar 6 into the gravity storage tank 9;

The facility agricultural film surface 1 is a PE film with a thickness of 0.1mm or 0.12mm;

The inside of the rain cellar 6 is provided with an overflow port and an inspection well. the

The following will take the greenhouse planting environment as an example to describe in detail the application of the technical solution of this embodiment in the greenhouse environment. The greenhouse is 50 m long and 8 m wide. the

In the greenhouse environment, the technical solution of this embodiment is the technical integration of facility agriculture film surface collection, rain cellar water storage, gravity drip irrigation, and water and fertilizer integration. The facility agriculture film surface 1 is used to gather rainwater or collect small surface water flows. , the collected water passes through the collection tank 2 and the grid 3, is precipitated in the sedimentation tank 4 and filtered by the filter of the first connecting pipe 5, and flows into the rain collection cellar 6 for accumulation and storage, and uses the submersible pump 7 to pass the stored water from the rain collection cellar 6 The second connecting pipe 8 is pumped into the gravity reservoir 9, and after the valve is opened, the water is filtered by the mesh filter under the action of gravity and flows through the water distribution branch pipe 10 and the drip irrigation pipe 11 for gravity drip irrigation. When fertilization is required, self-made drip irrigation fertilizer or special drip irrigation fertilizer is selected, dissolved in the gravity reservoir 9, and drip irrigation and fertilization are carried out, that is, integration of water and fertilizer. the

Among them, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3, Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the cross section of the collecting tank, and Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section of the collecting tank; The ditch with a slope (height difference 2‰) is 50m long. One end of the collecting tank near the sedimentation tank is low and the other end is high. When building the collecting tank, it can be flexibly controlled according to the length of the greenhouse. At the beginning, the collecting tank is 24cm wide and 15cm deep. As it gets closer to the sedimentation tank, the collecting tank gradually deepens. 24cm. There is a certain slope on the side where the collecting trough connects with the protected agricultural film surface, which is conducive to the collection of rainwater runoff. the

Wherein, the grid 3 is an iron screen with an aperture of 5cm×5cm. the

Among them, the sedimentation tank 4 is a small pool with a length of 1m, a width of 40cm, and a depth of 50cm. The water inlet is an open channel of 24cm×24cm, and the water outlet is a cement pipe with a diameter of 30cm. The grid 3 is connected to the water inlet of the sedimentation tank 4, and the sedimentation tank 4 is connected to the rain cellar 6 through the first connecting pipe 5. The first connecting pipe 5 is equipped with a strainer, and the strainer is a quincunx-shaped hole iron trash-stop of aperture 3cm, and the first connecting pipe 5 is the cement pipe of diameter 30cm the same as the water outlet of the sedimentation tank 4, long 1m. The bottom of the water outlet of the sedimentation tank 4 is 2-3 cm higher than the bottom of the water inlet, which plays the role of purifying and filtering rainwater. the

Among them, the rain-collecting cellar 6 should be built in an area below the groundwater level of 3m, and it should be built between 0.5m and 3.0m underground. The rain surface area, rainwater collection rate and crop water consumption are designed and determined, and the water storage in the rain cellar 6 can basically meet the annual drip irrigation water demand of the greenhouse crops, and basically realize zero-use groundwater as the construction standard. The rain-collecting cellar 6 has anti-seepage function. In order to prevent the rain-collecting cellar 6 from being frozen and cracked in winter, the top covers the soil layer of 50cm, and vegetables or lawns can also be planted. the

Among them, the model of the submersible pump 7 is QDX3-20-0.55, the flow rate is 3m ³ /h, the head is 20m, and the equipped power is 0.55kW.

Wherein, the gravity reservoir 9 is a rectangular closed pool (or water storage tank) with a volume of 2 to ³ m, the bottom of which is more than 1 m above the ground, the container is 2 m long, 1 to 1.5 m wide, and 1 m high, and the water inlet is a DN40 steel pipe. The water outlet is DN40 steel pipe, which is connected to the water distribution branch pipe (Φ50PE pipe) through the Φ50PVC pipe. Valves and mesh filters are installed on the PVC pipe. Purify rainwater, regulate water temperature and dissolve drip irrigation fertilizer. The gravity storage tank 9 can adopt three types of bricks, cast iron welding or plastic containers, and the water storage capacity should meet the water volume required for one-time drip irrigation of the greenhouse. It is used to switch the water outlet and prevent impurities or sediment from clogging the dripper.

Wherein, the second connecting pipe 8 connecting the rain collecting cellar 6 with the gravity storage tank 9 is a DN40 steel pipe or other available pipe materials. the

Among them, the drip irrigation method adopted by the gravity drip irrigation device is a new drip irrigation technology that uses the pressure generated by the drop between the water surface of the gravity reservoir 9 and the ground to transport rainwater to the root soil of the crops through the water distribution branch pipe 10 and the drip irrigation pipe 11 . The drip irrigation pipe 11 can be laid under the agricultural mulch film, and no power is needed during drip irrigation. the

The device provided by this technical solution can effectively collect the rainfall on the agricultural film surface of the facility into the rain collection cellar and intercept the dead branches and leaves carried by the rainwater. The rainwater can pass through evenly and stably under the condition of low water pressure (gravity) Drip irrigation pipes deliver to crops. The system can alleviate the contradiction of uneven water supply and demand in greenhouse vegetable production, and the system device can be used to fertilize vegetables. The rain collection area of this device system is 0.6 mu, and the drip irrigation area is 0.6 mu. The rainwater accumulated by this device system can basically meet the drip irrigation water demand for the cultivation of "winter spring tomato + autumn winter cucumber" which consumes the most water every year in the greenhouse. the

The following takes a standard greenhouse (50m from east to west, 8m from north to south) and a typical crop (winter and spring tomato + autumn and winter cucumber) as examples, as shown in Figure 4. According to the average monthly precipitation in Beijing for many years, the rainwater collection on the membrane surface is analyzed. The dynamic relationship between water storage and gravity drip irrigation water demand is used to determine the reasonable volume of the rain cellar. the

(1) Membrane surface rainwater storage capacity

The area of the greenhouse is 400m ² (0.6 mu), and the protective agricultural film surface is PE agricultural film with a length of 50m and a width of 9m, and the thickness can be 0.1mm or 0.12mm. According to the multi-year average rainfall in the Beijing area, the rainwater collection rate is 66% to 85%, with an average of 75.5%, and the theoretical water collection is calculated to be 442mm.

(2) Gravity drip irrigation water demand

As shown in Figure 5, taking the crop with the most annual water consumption in solar greenhouses in Beijing (winter and spring tomato - autumn and winter cucumber) as an example, its growth period and water consumption are shown in Table 1, and the monthly water consumption for the whole year is shown in Figure 6 , the annual accumulative water consumption is 439.5mm. the

Table 1 Water consumption under the annual planting mode of tomato in winter and spring in solar greenhouse - cucumber in autumn and winter

(3) Reasonable volume of rain cellar

As shown in Figure 7, according to the drip irrigation water demand for greenhouse vegetables (see Table 1), the area of the rain collection surface (400m ² ), the runoff coefficient (0.95) and the monthly rainfall data in Beijing from 1985 to 2008 (see Figure 7 4), use the formulas (1) and (2) to simulate and calculate the water inflow (rainwater runoff), water outflow (drip irrigation water) and overflow of the rain cellar on a monthly basis. The simulation results are shown in Table 2.

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}\begin{array}{}\end{array}\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; D.</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}\\ {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}\end{array}\right.<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Q</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}\\ \mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; V</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; Y</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}\end{array}\right.<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

In the formula, Y _t is the water intake of the rain cellar (m ³ ), S _t is the water volume of the rain cellar at t (m ³ ), Q _t is the water flow into the rain cellar at t (m ³ ), and D _t is t The amount of water flowing out of the rain cellar (m ³ ), V represents the effective volume of the rain cellar (m ³ ).

Table 2 Simulation results of rain collection efficiency and replacement groundwater ratio under different rain cellar volumes

When the volume of the rain-collecting cellar corresponding to the standard greenhouse is more than 90m ³ , the goal of zero-use groundwater for greenhouse vegetable production in this example can be basically achieved (the proportion of groundwater replacement reaches nearly 90%). However, when the volume of the rain cellar is greater than 110m ³ , the continuous increase in the volume of the rain cellar will make little contribution to the amount of rainwater collected. In production, a 50m ³ or 70m ³ rain cellar is generally used, and the proportion of replacing groundwater reaches 70% or 80%, and the comprehensive benefits are good.

In summary, compared with the prior art, the technical solution of the utility model has the following advantages:

(1) Utilizing the protected agricultural film surface as the rain collection surface not only avoids the capital investment in the construction of the catchment field, but also has high rain collection efficiency, and effective runoff can be formed when rainfall above 3mm;

(2) Through the installation of rain-collecting sedimentation and filtration devices, it plays the role of filtering rainwater and purifying water quality;

(3) The rain cellar and gravity storage tank play the role of regulating and storing rainwater, regulating water temperature, purifying water quality and dissolving fertilizer for drip irrigation and fertilization;

(4) Supply crop water and nutrients in small quantities and multiple times through gravity storage tanks and drip irrigation pipelines, which can improve crop yield and quality, achieve efficient use of rainwater and reduce groundwater exploitation. the

(5) According to the local meteorological conditions, the area of the collecting surface, the collecting efficiency and the drip irrigation system, the rain collecting cellar is scientifically and rationally designed to avoid the problem of too large or too small. the

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model, it should be pointed out that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the technical principle of the utility model, some improvements and deformations can also be made. And deformation should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present utility model. the

Claims (9)

1. A facility agriculture film surface rain-collecting gravity drip irrigation system is characterized in that the system comprises a rain-collecting filter device, a water storage and lifting device and a gravity drip irrigation device, wherein,

the rain collecting and filtering device comprises a collecting tank connected with the agricultural film surface of the facility and a sedimentation tank connected with the collecting tank;

the water storage and water lifting device comprises a rain collecting cellar connected with the sedimentation tank and a submersible pump arranged at the bottom of the rain collecting cellar;

the gravity drip irrigation device comprises a gravity reservoir connected with the submersible pump and a drip irrigation pipeline connected with the gravity reservoir.

2. The facility agricultural film rain collecting gravity drip irrigation system of claim 1, wherein a grid is provided at a junction of the flow collecting tank and the water inlet of the sedimentation tank.

3. The facility agricultural film rain-collecting gravity drip irrigation system of claim 1, further comprising a first connection pipe connected between the water outlet of the sedimentation tank and the water inlet of the rain collecting cellar.

4. The facility agricultural film rain collecting gravity drip irrigation system of claim 3, wherein the first connecting tube is provided with a detachable filter screen.

5. The facility agricultural film rain-collecting gravity drip irrigation system of claim 1, further comprising a second connecting tube connected between the submersible pump and the water inlet of the gravity reservoir.

6. The facility agricultural film rain-collecting gravity drip irrigation system of claim 1, wherein the drip irrigation line comprises a branch water distribution pipe connected to an outlet of the gravity reservoir and a drip irrigation pipe connected to the branch water distribution pipe.

7. The facility agriculture film rain-collecting gravity drip irrigation system of claim 6, wherein the water distribution branch is a phi 50PE pipe having a flexible pipe wall.

8. The facility agricultural film rain-collecting gravity drip irrigation system of claim 1, wherein the film and the gravity reservoir are disposed on a ground surface, and a bottom of the gravity reservoir is located at a position 1m above the ground surface;

the water collecting groove, the sedimentation tank and the rainwater collecting cellar are arranged under the ground, and the submersible pump is used for pumping stored water into the gravity reservoir from the rainwater collecting cellar.

9. The facility agriculture film rain collection gravity drip irrigation system of claim 1, wherein an overflow port and an inspection well are provided inside the rain collection cellar.

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