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CN1998129A - 运行逆变器的方法和实施所述方法的装置 - Google Patents

运行逆变器的方法和实施所述方法的装置 Download PDF

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CN1998129A
CN1998129A CNA2005800236757A CN200580023675A CN1998129A CN 1998129 A CN1998129 A CN 1998129A CN A2005800236757 A CNA2005800236757 A CN A2005800236757A CN 200580023675 A CN200580023675 A CN 200580023675A CN 1998129 A CN1998129 A CN 1998129A
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CN1998129B (zh
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J·哈拉克
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Siemens Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/005—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output using Cuk converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1584—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1588—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/1557—Single ended primary inductor converters [SEPIC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Ac-Ac Conversion (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种运行电子控制的逆变器的方法，其特征在于，在输出交流电压的正半波期间如此地控制所述逆变器，使得所述逆变器按照SEPIK变换器的方式工作，并且其中在输出交流电压的负半波期间如此地控制所述逆变器，使得所述逆变器按照CUK转换器的方式工作。

Description

运行逆变器的方法和实施所述方法的装置
本发明涉及一种运行电子控制的逆变器的方法和用于实施所述方法的装置。
电子控制的逆变器例如从US-Z：C.M.Penalver等人发表的“Microprocessor Control of DC/AC Static Converters”；IEEETransactions on Industrial Electronics，Vol.IE-32，No.3August 1985，S.186-191中所公知。所述电子控制的逆变器例如在太阳能装置中用于转换由太阳能电池产生的直流电，使得能够输入进公共交流电网中。从而产生保证实际上不受限制地利用由太阳产生的能量。
逆变器的许多应用可能性主要地导致，针对特定的应用情况改变基本类型的升压变换器、升降压变换器(Hochsetzsteller)和降压变换器。在此，可以以2002年10月17日的EDN杂志中Sanjaya Maniktala的文章“Slave converters power auxiliary outputs”为例，其中说明了逆变器基本类型的各种组合可能性。
本发明的任务是改进从现有技术公知的逆变器。
根据本发明，该任务用在文章开始处所提到的那类方法完成，其中在输出交流电压的正半波期间如此地控制所述逆变器，使得所述逆变器按照SEPIK变换器的方式工作，并且其中在输出交流电压的负半波期间如此地控制所述逆变器，使得所述逆变器按照CUK转换器的方式工作。
SEPIK变换器和CUK转换器的功能的根据本发明的结合导致一种特别低损耗的逆变器，所述逆变器由此还具有高的效率，并且因此尤其适于用在太阳能装置中。
有利的是，所述逆变器包含由第一、第二、第三和第四半导体开关构成的半导体桥式电路，所述桥式电路的第一输出端与所述逆变器的第一交流电压输出端的第一端子相连接，所述桥式电路的第二输出端与所述逆变器的交流电压输出端的第二端子相连接；此外设有第一扼流圈，其第一侧与直流电压源的正极相连接，而其第二侧经第五半导体开关与所述直流电压源的负极相连接；在第一扼流圈与第五半导体开关之间的连接经第一电容器与第二扼流圈的第一端子相连接以及与二极管的阳极相连接；所述第二扼流圈的第二端子与所述桥式电路的第一输入端相连接，并且所述二极管的阴极与所述桥式电路的第二输入端相连接；并且所述直流电压源的负极与所述交流电压输出端的第二端子相连接。
此外有利的是，借助于微处理器在输出交流电压的正半波期间持久地接通所述第二和第三半导体开关，并且持久地切断第一和第四半导体开关，而且脉冲地接通第五半导体开关；以及在输出交流电压的负半波期间持续地接通所述第一和第四半导体开关，并且持续地断开第二和第三半导体开关，而且脉冲地接通第五半导体开关。
有利的是，设置相应地编程用于控制所述半导体开关的微处理器。
下面借助于附图详细地说明本发明。
图1示出示范性的逆变器的电路图，
图2示出在采用n沟道阻挡层MOSFET的情况下示范性的逆变器的电路图，
图3和图4示出在输出交流电压的正半波期间示范性的逆变器中的电流和开关状态，
图5和图6示出在输出交流电压的负半波期间示范性的逆变器中的电流和开关状态，
图7示出半导体开关的示范性的控制信号的时间曲线。
在附图中示出的逆变器包括具有第一、第二、第三、第四半导体开关S1、S2、S3、S4的半导体桥式电路。所述半导体桥式电路的由第一和第二半导体开关S1、S2的连接构成的第一输出端与所述逆变器的交流电压输出端UOUT的第一端子相连接。所述半导体桥式电路的由第三和第四半导体开关S3、S4的连接构成的第二输出端与所述逆变器的所述交流电压输出端UOUT的第二端子相连接。此外设有第一扼流圈L1，其第一侧与直流电压源UIN的正极相连接，而其第二侧经第五半导体开关S5与所述直流电压源UIN的负极相连接。在第一扼流圈L1与第五半导体开关S5之间的连接经第一电容器CC与第二扼流圈L2的第一端子相连接以及与二极管D1的阳极相连接，并且第二扼流圈L2的第二端子连接到桥式电路S1、S2、S3、S4的由第一和第三半导体开关S1、S3的连接构成的第一输入端上。
第一和第二扼流圈L1、L2可以具有公共的磁芯。
二极管D1的阴极与桥式电路S1、S2、S3、S4的通过第二和第四半导体开关S2、S4的连接所构成的第二输入端相连接。此外直流电压源UIN的负极与交流电压输出端UOUT的第二端子相连接。
在采用N沟道阻挡层MOSFET作半导体开关S1、S2、S3、S4的情况下要注意安装方向，这在图2中通过虚线示出的二极管符号表明。
在本发明的该扩展中采用二极管D2是适当的，然而其功能还可以通过相应地控制所述半导体开关实现。
借助于(未示出的)微控制器控制所述半导体开关。
在此根据本发明，在输出交流电压的正半波期间持久地接通第二和第三半导体开关S2、S3并且持久地断开第一和第四半导体开关S1、S4，同时脉冲地开关第五半导体开关S5。
在输出交流电压的负半波期间持续地接通第一和第四半导体开关S1、S4并且持续地断开第二和第三半导体开关S2、S3，而且脉冲地开关第五半导体开关S5。
在此，图3示出这样的状态，在所述状态中在输出交流电压的正半波期间从直流电压源UIN取得电能。为此闭合第五半导体开关S5并由此经第一扼流圈L1和第一半导体开关S1在直流电压源UIN的正极之间给出电流路径。第二电流回路经第五和第三半导体开关S5和S3和第二扼流圈L2通过由储存在电容器CC中的电能造成。
在此状态下扼流圈L1储存电能，如图4中所示，所储存的电能在打开第五半导体开关S5以后经第一半导体二极管D1和所述半导体桥式电路输出到交流电压输出端UOUT上并且同时输出到第一电容器CC上。
在第二扼流圈L2中储存的电能在打开第五半导体开关S5以后经第一半导体二极管D1并且经所述半导体桥式电路输出到交流电压输出端UOUT上。
在此出现的电流回路一方面从直流电压源UIN的正极经第一扼流圈L1、第一电容器CC、二极管D1、第二半导体开关S2通到交流电压输出端UOUT上并且经交流电网到直流电压源UIN的负极，而另一方面从第二扼流圈L2经二极管D1和第二半导体开关S2通到交流电压输出端UOUT并且经所述交流电网和第三半导体开关S3回到第二扼流圈L2。
下面借助于图5和图6说明在输出交流电压的负半波期间的开关状态。如还可以从图7中看出的那样，在该时间段中脉冲地开关第五半导体开关S5，持续地接通第一和第三半导体开关S1、S3并且持续地断开第二和第四半导体开关S2、S4。从而根据本发明在输出交流电压的负半波期间执行一种所谓的CUK转换器的功能。
图5示出第五半导体开关S5闭合时的情况。形成从直流电源UIN的正极经第一扼流圈L1和第五半导体开关S5至所述直流电压源的负极的电流路径，以及形成经第二扼流圈L2、第一电容器CC、第五半导体开关S5、输出交流电压电网UOUT和第一半导体开关S1的第二电流路径。
如图6中所示，在下一个开关过程中打开第五半导体开关S5。
所得到的电流回路一方面从直流电压源UIN的正极经第一扼流圈L1、第一电容器CC、二极管D1和第四半导体开关S4通到直流电压源UIN的负极，而另一方面经第二扼流圈L2、二极管D1、第四半导体开关S4、输出交流电压电网UOUT和第一半导体开关S1。
在图7中示出半导体开关S1、S2、S3、S4和S5的控制信号的示范性的曲线。

Claims (4)

1.用于运行电子控制的逆变器的方法，
其特征在于，
在输出交流电压的正半波期间如此地控制所述逆变器，使得所述逆变器按照SEPIK变换器的方式工作，并且在输出交流电压的负半波期间如此地控制所述逆变器，使得所述逆变器按照CUK转换器的方式工作。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，
其特征在于，
所述逆变器包含由第一、第二、第三和第四半导体开关(S1、S2、S3、S4)构成的半导体桥式电路，所述桥式电路的第一输出端与所述逆变器的交流电压输出端(UOUT)的第一端子相连接，所述桥式电路的第二输出端与所述逆变器的交流电压输出端(UOUT)的第二端子相连接，
此外设有第一扼流圈(L1)，其第一侧与直流电压源(UIN)的正极相连接，而其第二侧经第五半导体开关(S5)与所述直流电压源(UIN)的负极相连接，
在第一扼流圈(L1)与第五半导体开关(S5)之间的连接经第一电容器(CC)与第二扼流圈(L2)的第一端子相连接以及与二极管(D1)的阳极相连接，
所述第二扼流圈(L2)的第二端子与所述桥式电路(S1、S2、S3、S4)的第一输入端相连接并且所述二极管(D1)的阴极与所述桥式电路(S1、S2、S3、S4)的第二输入端相连接，并且
所述直流电压源(UIN)的负极与所述交流电压输出端(UOUT)的第二端子相连接。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法，
其特征在于，
借助于微处理器，在输出交流电压的正半波期间持久地接通所述第二和第三半导体开关(S2、S3)并且持久地断开第一和第四半导体开关(S1、S4)而且脉冲地接通第五半导体开关(S5)，
以及在输出交流电压的负半波期间持续地接通所述第一和第四半导体开关(S1、S4)并且持续地断开第二和第三半导体开关(S2、S3)且脉冲地接通第五半导体开关(S5)。
4.用于实施如权利要求1至3中任一项所述的方法的逆变器，
其特征在于，
设置相应地编程用于控制所述半导体开关的微处理器。
CN2005800236757A 2004-07-12 2005-07-11 运行逆变器的方法和实施所述方法的装置 Expired - Fee Related CN1998129B (zh)

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US20080212348A1 (en) 2008-09-04
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