CN1388099A

CN1388099A - Organic slow-release fertilizer for soil-less culture

Info

Publication number: CN1388099A
Application number: CN 02112384
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卜崇兴; 黄丹枫; 张艳苓; 姚永康
Original assignee: Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Current assignee: Shanghai Sunqiao Overflow Better Agricultural Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2002-07-04
Filing date: 2002-07-04
Publication date: 2003-01-01
Anticipated expiration: 2022-07-04
Also published as: CN1155545C

Abstract

The organic slow-release fertilizer for soil-less culture is produced with dry chicken manure and compounded cake fertilizer, humic fertilizer, bran, ground phosphate rock and mineral potassium fertilizer, and through mixing, crushing, mixing with water, inoculating bacteria strain, fermentation at normal temperature, stoving at low temperature, pelletizing and coating with release controlling coating agent. Before pelletizing, chemical fertilizer may be added. The present invention utilizes the leftover from agricultural product processing and mixes various fertilizer with different acting period into the medium for soil-less culture. The fertilizer can meet the requirement of producing green food.

Description

Organic slow-release fertilizer for soil-less culture

Technical field:

The present invention relates to a kind of organic slow-release fertilizer, particularly a kind of organic slow-release fertilizer for soil-less culture and complete processing thereof are used to produce organic vegetable, green vegetables or floriculture etc., belong to agricultural technology field.

Background technology:

Cultivation technique without soil is widely used at present, and soilless culture has various ways, and mainly based on substrate culture, form commonly used is to cultivate with organic or inorganic matrix with by the nutritive medium pouring of inorganic fertilizer preparation in China.Along with the raising of people's living standard and the aggravation of vegetables chemical fertilizer pesticidal contamination, demand to green vegetables and food increases sharply, and the vegetables of nutrient fluid cultivation can not be listed among organic or the green food, and big, the technology more complicated of hydroponics investment, and general peasant household is difficult for grasping.Therefore, organic mass cultivation comes into one's own day by day in recent years, the organic ecological soilless culture that the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences vegetables are developed adopts agricultural byproducts materials such as chicken manure and crop material to make matrix through fermentation, production process is dripped clear water, and spreads fertilizer over the fields the dried poultrymanure extra-nutrition at regular intervals and cultivate on matrix.Though this soilless culture mode is simple, still exists late growth stage to take off problems such as fertilizer, output instability in actual applications; And various places are used to ferment, and raw material sources complexity, the attenuation degree difference of organic substrate is big, matrix quality instability, cultivation effect are not obvious; Need in the course of cultivation constantly to replenish fertilizer, inconvenient operation also can't quantize.

Summary of the invention:

The objective of the invention is at the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of organic slow-release fertilizer for soil-less culture is provided, length according to the fertilizer slow release phase when producing beginning can directly be mixed in organic substrate or the inorganic matrix in proportion, only drip clear water in process of production and just can satisfy the various vegetable melon and fruit nutritional need in the time of infertility, simplify the soilless culture operating process, reduce productive expense, produce organic vegetable, green vegetables or pollution-free vegetable.

For achieving the above object, organic slow-release fertilizer for soil-less culture of the present invention is by 20～50% chicken manures, behind 30～60% cake fertilizer, 3～5% detritus acid fertilizer, 3～5% wheat brans, 4～5% ground phosphate rock, 4～5% mineral potassic fertilizers and the fermented by mixed bacterium, drying, granulation and dressing form, or after being mixed with the no nitric nitrogen chemical fertilizer that accounts for gross dry weight 15～20%, drying, granulation and dressing form again.

The mixed strains that the present invention adopts is that photosynthetic bacteria, milk-acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria are formed, and the viable count of every kind of bacterium is not less than 10 ⁷/ ml.

The said cake fertilizer of the present invention comprises cottonseed, rapeseed cake, soya-bean cake, sesame-send cake cake fertilizer such as (slags).

The said no nitric nitrogen chemical fertilizer of the present invention comprises chemical fertilizer such as diammonium phosphate, vitriolate of tartar, ammonium sulfate, also comprises trace element fertilizers such as ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and manganous sulfate.The production technique of organic slow-release fertilizer for soil-less culture of the present invention is: earlier that chicken manure is air-dry at normal temperatures or dry under 100～200 ℃ temperature, make water content reach 20～30%, mix the back coarse reduction with the cake fertilizer for preparing in proportion, detritus acid fertilizer, wheat bran, ground phosphate rock, mineral potassic fertilizer then, put into fermentation vat, adding an amount of water to material moisture is 40～60%, insert mixed strains and carried out normal temperature fermentation 3～7 days, temperature in the fermenting process control fermentation vat is carried out suitable air blast and stirring simultaneously at 50～65 ℃.After the fermentation ends, the mixture that ferments is dried under 30～50 ℃ of low temperature, granulating and coating then, drying makes its water content 12～15%, weighs at last to be packaged into pure fertilizer.

Or again with the mixture behind the fermentating drying, with an amount of chemical fertilizer such as diammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, vitriolate of tartar and trace element fertilizer such as uniform mixing such as ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and manganous sulfate, granulating and coating becomes the organic-inorganic mixed fertilizer then.Whether the adding of chemical fertilizer and trace element fertilizer reaches how much determining according to the purposes of fertilizer and the crop of cultivation of add-on, generally accounts for gross dry weight 15～20%.

The fertilizer of making grain is placed in the nodulizer evenly spraying Drug coating, and dressing is after oven drying at low temperature, packing.Slow-release fertilizer discharges the gauge control of the speed of nutrition by Drug coating moiety, ratio and coating membrance.

Owing to contain the required nutritive ingredient of a large amount of plants in chicken manure and the cake fertilizer, after the normal temperature fermentation, can remove stink on the one hand, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, the detritus acid that can make effective constituent in chicken manure, the cake fertilizer and objectionable constituent be converted into plant on the other hand easily to absorb is fertile, trace element, other active substance and profitable strain, and the crop of cultivation is had the effect of good nutrition, stimulating growth and the disease-resistant worm of raising and suppresses the effect of soil-borne disease in the matrix.

Pure fertilizer of the present invention can carry out the cultivation of pure organic vegetable, add behind the chemical fertilizer fertilizer comprehensively and balance can be used for producing green vegetables or pollution-free vegetable.

The present invention has made full use of the tankage in the farm and sideline product processing industry, and aboundresources is made simple.Organic slow-release fertilizer comprehensive nutrition of the present invention, longer duration, can be directly be mixed in proportion in organic substrate or the inorganic matrix according to the length of slow-release period, only drip clear water in process of production and just can satisfy the various vegetable melon and fruit nutritional need in the time of infertility, and need not to prepare the inorganic nutrient solution that contains various nutritive elements, thereby simplified the soilless culture operating process, reduced productive expense, nuisanceless and the long season that is fit to very much soilless cultivating flowers, vegetables produces, and has remarkable economic efficiency, society and ecological benefits.

Embodiment:

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with a specific embodiment.

A kind of organic slow-release fertilizer for soil-less culture, form, and mix by 40% pure dried poultrymanure, 40% cottonseed cake, 5% detritus acid potash fertilizer, 5% wheat bran, 5% ground phosphate rock, 5% mineral potassic fertilizer with the mixed bacteria liquid of forming by photosynthetic bacteria, milk-acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria.

Earlier that chicken manure is air-dry, make water content 25～30%, then dried poultrymanure, cottonseed cake, detritus acid potash fertilizer, ground phosphate rock, mineral potassic fertilizer and wheat bran are mixed in proportion coarse reduction, put into fermentation vat behind the thorough mixing, insert mixed strains and make material moisture about 50%, and fermented at normal temperatures 3 days.After the fermentation ends, be oven dry under the cold condition about 45 ℃, granulation, dressing in temperature, be dried to water content again in 12～15% packings of can weighing with the mixture that ferments.

The gained mixture also can be mixed with chemical fertilizer, joins diammonium phosphate 80kg, ammonium sulfate 120kg, vitriolate of tartar 150kg in the dried fermentation materials of every 1600kg, with pulverizing behind the above material thorough mixing, uses the tablets press granulation again, at last dressing in nodulizer.

Length according to slow-release period is selected Drug coating for use, and the gauge control slow-release fertilizer of moiety, ratio and coating membrance by Drug coating discharges nutraceutical speed.The slow-release fertilizer of 30 days, 60 days and 90 days be can be divided into, A, B, C fertilizer are marked as respectively.Behind the dressing, the pack of after oven drying at low temperature to water content is 12～15%, can weighing respectively.

During use, with the fertilizers of not dressing and A, B, C different slow-release periods by after 30%, 30%, 25% and 15% mixed, evenly mix 30～80kg in every cube of matrix of length according to crop and breeding time, only a clear water promptly can be plant growth required various nutritive elements is provided in whole growth process, and does not need to prepare separately nutritive medium.

Adopt the present invention to plant tomato, compare with nutrient fluid cultivation, the plant strain growth stalwartness, malformed fruit reduces more than 60%, prolongs 25～40 days collection period, increases output more than 20%; Plantation cucumber, volume increase increase the output value about 35% more than 30%; The plantation netted melon, the plant disease resistance strengthens, and plant is not wilted, and melon increases weight more than 25%, improves sugar 1.2～2 degree, increases the output value more than 40%.

Claims

1. An organic slow-release fertilizer for soilless cultivation, characterized in that its components include 20-50% chicken manure, 30-60% cake fertilizer, 3-5% humic acid fertilizer, 3-5% bran, 4-5% 5% phosphate rock powder, 4-5% mineral potassium fertilizer.

2. The organic slow-release fertilizer for soilless cultivation as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that its components include nitrate-nitrogen-free fertilizers accounting for 15-20% of the total dry weight.

3. The organic slow-release fertilizer for soilless cultivation according to claim 1, characterized in that said cake fertilizer includes cottonseed cake, rapeseed cake, bean cake and sesame cake.

4. The organic slow-release fertilizer for soilless cultivation as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the nitrate-free fertilizer comprises chemical fertilizers such as diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, ammonium sulfate and trace element fertilizers such as ferrous sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate and Manganese sulfate.

5. The processing technology of organic slow-release fertilizer for soilless culture as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the chicken manure is first air-dried or dried to make the water content reach 20-30%, and then mixed with the proportioned cake fertilizer, Humic acid fertilizer, bran, phosphate rock powder and mineral potassium fertilizer are mixed and coarsely crushed, put into the fermentation tank, add water until the water content of the material is 40-60%, add the mixed strains to ferment at room temperature for 3-7 days, and ferment The process controls the temperature in the fermentation tank at 50-65°C, and at the same time carries out proper air blowing and stirring, and dries the fermented mixed material at a low temperature of 30-50°C to keep the water content at 12-15%, and then make it Granules, coated.

6. The processing technology of organic slow-release fertilizer for soilless culture as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the mixed material after fermentation and drying is evenly mixed with chemical fertilizer and trace element fertilizer accounting for 15-20% of the total dry weight Granulating, then drying at low temperature and packaging after coating.

7. The processing technology of organic slow-release fertilizer for soilless culture as claimed in claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the inserted mixed strains are composed of photosynthetic bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria and Composed of lactic acid bacteria, the number of live bacteria of each type of bacteria is not less than 10 ⁷ /ml.