CN1180058C - Method for preparing gasoline by converting methane and carbon dioxide by plasma - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of directly converting methane and carbon dioxide into gasoline by plasma, which is to form a gas-barrier discharge plasma by placing an insulating material and a catalyst between a high-voltage electrode and a ground electrode. When in the body region, gaseous hydrocarbons and liquid hydrocarbons are generated, and syngas is produced by-product simultaneously. The present invention determines the optimum _CH4 / _CO2 ratio range. The high-carbon hydrocarbons in the liquid hydrocarbons in the product are gasoline and contain a large amount of branched chain hydrocarbons, as Fuel has a high octane rating, and the catalyst alters the selectivity of the reaction products.

Description

Method for preparing gasoline by converting methane and carbon dioxide by plasma

The invention relates to a method for preparing gasoline by converting methane and carbon dioxide by plasma.

A large number of studies have attempted to convert methane into higher carbon hydrocarbons through oxidative coupling or convert methane into methanol through partial oxidation, such as RHCrabtree et al, Chem.Rev.95 (1995) 987 and HD Gesser, NRHunter and CBPrakash Chem.Rev.85 ( 1988) 235, but the product yield was too low. Efforts have been made to explore the chemical fixation of carbon dioxide. Heterogeneous catalysis is a feasible route. However, the conversion of carbon dioxide requires a large amount of additional energy and a large amount of hydrogen, so a reliable technology has not yet been formed to utilize this huge carbon resource. Industrially, high-energy water vapor can react with methane to generate synthesis gas (CO+H ₂ ), as shown in equation (1):

ΔH ⁰ =206.1KJ/Mol (1)

Syngas can also be produced from methane and carbon dioxide, as shown in equation (2)

ΔH ⁰ =258.9KJ/Mol (2)

However, this reaction consumes a lot of energy, requires a high temperature, and has serious carbon deposition. Non-equilibrium plasma chemical synthesis attracts attention. So far, due to its importance in industrial applications, it is summarized in Eliasson et al IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, Vol.19(1991), 309-323. The silent discharge is due to the formation of an electric double layer. Therefore, silent gas discharge can also be said to be gas barrier discharge plasma. Recently, research on the conversion of greenhouse gases by silent discharge has been carried out. For example, DE 4220865 describes a method that can synthesize methane or methanol from carbon dioxide and hydrogen or water through gas barrier discharge, which has been reviewed by Eliasson et alEnergy Conversion Management 389(1997)415. However, the maximum yield of methanol reported is only 1%.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for economically converting the mixed gas of carbon dioxide and methane into gasoline under normal pressure, and to determine the optimal range of _CH4 / _CO2 ratio.

The invention provides a method for preparing gasoline by using plasma to convert methane and carbon dioxide. The preparation method is as follows: ①Introduce gas into the solid catalyst layer of the plasma reactor through an air inlet for 10 minutes at a certain temperature and pressure; ② After the inert gas is stopped, the mixed gas of carbon dioxide and methane is introduced from the intake nozzle; ③at the same time, an AC voltage is applied to the high-voltage electrode, and at this time, a gas barrier discharge plasma is generated on the solid catalyst layer to convert the mixed gas into gasoline The structure of the plasma reactor is: the high-voltage electrode is a brush electrode, and its outer ring is covered with a quartz reaction tube, and the outer ring of the quartz reaction tube is covered with a constant temperature oil bath, between the quartz reaction tube and the constant temperature oil bath Filled with a solid catalyst, the high-voltage electrode is connected to the AC voltage generator, and its ground electrode is the metal cylinder of the constant temperature oil bath, and the air inlet passes through the cylinder of the constant temperature oil bath to connect with the upper part of the solid catalyst layer; the upper sealing cover, the lower The sealing cover and the constant temperature oil bath cylinder seal the part inside the cylinder, and a discharge nozzle is installed on the lower cover, a temperature measuring head is installed on the discharge nozzle, a temperature measuring head is installed on the inlet nozzle, and a temperature measuring head is installed on the inlet nozzle. There is a pressure measuring head; the optimal molar ratio of the mixed gas of carbon dioxide and methane introduced is 1:1 to 1:5; the catalysts are X type, Y type, A type, ZSM-5 type, 13X type Type molecular sieve catalysts, or wire mesh catalysts such as copper and stainless steel; the molecular sieve catalysts carry at least one IB, IIB, IV, Cu, Zn metal ion; the high voltage voltage range is 1KV to 10KV; The certain temperature range is: the operating temperature range is 100-200°C; the inert gas is helium, argon or neon.

The invention controls the gas to block the discharge plasma, converts the mixed gas into normal gasoline under normal pressure, utilizes and converts the two main greenhouse gases, methane and carbon dioxide, and makes better use of carbon resources while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. gases, and gasoline synthesized from these major greenhouse gases is not as polluting as coal and oil

Description of drawings:

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the plasma reactor of the present invention.

The plasma reactor is cylindrical, from the outer layer to the inner layer: the outer layer is a constant temperature oil bath cylinder 6, the constant temperature oil bath is equipped with a constant temperature oil 7, the upper part of the constant temperature oil bath cylinder is equipped with an oil inlet nozzle 13, and the lower part is made of Oil nozzle 14. Close to the inner layer of the constant temperature oil bath cylinder is a solid catalyst layer 5, which can be a molecular sieve catalyst, or a wire mesh catalyst such as copper or stainless steel, such as X type, Y type, A type, ZSM-5 type, 13X type, The thickness is 1.5-10mm. Inside the catalyst layer is a quartz reaction tube 4 with a brush electrode 8. The brush electrode is a high-voltage electrode connected to an AC voltage generator 12. The ground electrode is a metal cylinder in a constant temperature oil bath. The AC voltage generated by the AC voltage generator The voltage range is 1KV～10KV, the frequency is 50HZ～10MHZ, and the current density is 0.01A/m2～10A/m2.

The upper sealing cover 11, the lower sealing cover 3, and the constant temperature oil bath cylinder seal the part in the cylinder, and a discharge nozzle 1 is installed on the lower cover. In this embodiment, the discharge nozzle is in the middle of the lower cover, and the discharge nozzle A temperature measuring head 2 is installed, the air inlet nozzle 9 passes through the cylinder body of the constant temperature oil bath and communicates with the upper part of the solid catalyst layer, and a pressure measuring head 10 is installed on the air inlet nozzle.

Example 1

The operating temperature is 200°C, and the implementation method is: pass an inert gas into the solid catalyst layer of the plasma reactor through the gas inlet for 10 minutes, stop feeding the inert gas, and then pass through the gas inlet containing 50% methane and 50% Mixed gas of carbon dioxide, the flow rate is 200ml/min, the catalyst is loaded with 0.05wt% Zn (the weight percentage of Zn in the molecular sieve, the weight percentage of the metal element loaded in the following examples all refers to the weight percentage in the molecular sieve) 13X molecular sieve, and at the same time apply 10KV, 30KHZ alternating current between the high voltage electrode and the ground electrode, at this time, a gas barrier discharge plasma is generated in the solid catalyst layer to convert the mixed gas into gasoline. Gas-phase product and liquid-phase product all detect with gas chromatography, and experimental result is as table 1, and the conversion ratio of methane and carbon dioxide is defined as follows (following each embodiment is all defined by this) here:

CH ₄ conversion = {([CH ₄ ] _IN -[CH ₄ ] _OUT )/[CH ₄ ] _IN }×100%

CO ₂ conversion rate = {([CO ₂ ] _IN -[CO ₂ ] _OUT )/[CO ₂ ] _IN }×100%

The selectivity of the product is defined as follows:

The selectivity of product={(the number of carbon atoms of the product×[product] _OUT )/∑ the number of carbon atoms of the product×[product] _OUT }×100%

Analysis of gas products shows that CO, C ₂ ~ C ₅ , such as isobutane, isopentane, unsaturated hydrocarbons such as ethylene and acetylene, a small amount of oxidation products, such as acetone, methanol and ethanol, and a small amount of water and hydrogen, liquid product samples Analysis shows that there are a large number of gasoline components C ₅ -C ₁₁ branched chain hydrocarbons, wherein branched chain hydrocarbons/linear hydrocarbons ≈9:1. Part of the data in Table 1 refers to the recently reported catalytic Fischer-Tropsch (abbreviated as FT) synthesis (MJKeyser, RCEverson and RLEspinoza, Applied Catalysis A, Vol.171 (1998) 99, obviously the distribution of the two process products is very similar, however, The present invention is carried out at atmospheric pressure, whereas the FT synthesis is carried out at very high pressure.

Table 1 Example 1 reaction results and catalytic F-T synthesis reaction results comparison

Catalyzed F-T Synthesis Reaction Example 1 Synthesis Reaction

Gas temperature (℃) 220 200

Gas pressure (KPa) 500 101.3

H ₂ /CO 1/1

CH ₄ /CO ₂ 1/1

Reactor length (m) 0.25 0.30

GHSV(l/h) 222

Flow ml/min 200

Power(W) 500

CO conversion rate (%) 14.0

_CO conversion rate (%) 47.5

CH _conversion rate (%) 48.8

Carbon atom selectivity (%)

CO 27.9

C ₁ 10.8

C ₂ 5.4 8.9

C ₃ 14.1 3.7

C ₄ 9.2 1.0

C ₅ ⁺ 50.5 58.2

C ₁ -OH 2.0 0.26

C ₂ -OH 3.8

1-C ₃ -OH 2.6

1-C ₄ -OH 0.4

C ₅ ⁺ -OH 0.19

Example 2

The operating temperature is maintained at 170°C. The implementation method is: pass an inert gas into the solid catalyst layer of the plasma reactor through the gas inlet for 10 minutes, stop feeding the inert gas, and then pass through the gas inlet containing 80% methane, 20 The mixed gas of % carbon dioxide, the gas flows through the catalyst, the flow rate is 0.5ml/min, the catalyst is a Y-type molecular sieve loaded with Cu0.02wt%, and 10KV, 30KHZ alternating current is applied between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode. layer to generate a gas barrier discharge plasma that converts the gas mixture into gasoline. At this time, the product output from the discharge nozzle basically contains C ₅ -C ₁₁ gasoline, CO/H ₂ synthesis gas and light gaseous hydrocarbons C ₂ and C ₃ . Gasoline products were collected in the condenser, mainly branched chain hydrocarbons, and the conversion and selectivity data are shown in Table 2.

    Table 2 Example 2 Reaction Results and Catalyzed F-T Synthesis Reaction Results Comparison

      Catalyzed F-T Synthesis Example 2 Synthesis Reaction

Gas temperature (℃) 220 170

Gas pressure (KPa) 500 101.3

H ₂ /CO 1/1

CH ₄ /CO ₂ 4/1

Reactor length (m) 0.25 0.30

GHSV(l/h) 222

Flow ml/min 0.5

Power(W) 500

CO conversion rate (%) 14.0

_CO conversion rate (%) 48.9

CH _conversion rate (%) 49.4

Carbon atom selectivity (%)

CO 26.8

C ₁ 10.8

C ₂ 5.4 8.4

C ₃ 14.1 3.9

C ₄ 9.2 1.2

C ₅ ⁺ 50.5 59.3

C ₁ -OH 2.0 0.31

C ₂ -OH 3.8

2-C ₃ -OH 2.6

2-C ₄ -OH 0.4

C ₅ ⁺ -OH 0.19

Example 3

The operating temperature is 150°C, and the implementation method is: pass an inert gas into the solid catalyst layer of the plasma reactor through the gas inlet for 10 minutes, stop feeding the inert gas, and then pass through the gas inlet with 66.7% methane and 33.3% Mixed gas of carbon dioxide, the flow rate is 150ml/min, the catalyst is A-type molecular sieve loaded with Ag0.03wt%, and 1KV, 30KHZ alternating current is applied between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode, at this time, gas barrier discharge plasma is generated in the solid catalyst layer body, so that the mixed gas is converted into gasoline, the conversion rate of methane is 38.7%, the conversion rate of carbon dioxide is 34.6%, and the selectivity of the product is shown in Table 3.

The experimental results of the product selectivity of Table 3 Example 3

CO 33.1%

_C2 16.5%

C ₃ 11.9%

C ₄ 7.6%

C ₅ ⁺ 30.1%

Example 4

The operating temperature is 150°C, and the implementation method is: pass an inert gas into the solid catalyst layer of the plasma reactor through the gas inlet for 10 minutes, stop feeding the inert gas, and then pass through the gas inlet with 66.7% methane and 33.3% Carbon dioxide, enters in the reactor, and flow rate is 150ml/min, and catalyst is the X type molecular sieve of carrying Fe 0.05wt%. Apply 1KV, 30KHZ alternating current between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode. At this time, a gas barrier discharge plasma is generated in the solid catalyst layer. Under such conditions, the conversion rate of methane is 39.6%, and the conversion rate of carbon dioxide is 33.7%. The selectivity of the product For see Table 4.

The experimental results of the selectivity of the product of Table 4 Example 4

CO 32.4%

_C2 17.2%

C ₃ 12.5%

C ₄ 6.7%

C ₅ ⁺ 30.9%

Example 5

The operating temperature is maintained at 170°C, and the implementation method is: pass an inert gas into the solid catalyst layer of the plasma reactor through the gas inlet for 10 minutes, stop feeding the inert gas, and then pass through the gas inlet with 80% methane, 20 % carbon dioxide, the gas flows through the catalyst, the flow rate is 0.5ml/min, the catalyst is a ZSM-5 molecular sieve loaded with Ti0.03wt%, and 10KV, 30KHZ alternating current is applied between the high-voltage poles and the grounding electrode. A gas barrier discharge plasma is generated to convert the mixed gas into gasoline. The product basically contains C ₅ ~ C ₁₁ gasoline, CO/H ₂ synthesis gas and light gaseous hydrocarbons C ₂ and C ₃ . Gasoline products were collected in the condenser, mainly branched chain hydrocarbons, the methane conversion rate was 38.3%, and the carbon dioxide conversion rate was 34.6%. The selectivity of the products is shown in Table 5.

The experimental results of the selectivity of Table 5 Example 5 product

CO 26.8%

C ₁ 10.8%

C ₂ 8.4%

C ₃ 3.9%

C ₄ 1.2%

C ₅ ⁺ 59.3%

Claims (4)

1. A method for preparing gasoline by using plasma conversion of methane and carbon dioxide, characterized in that: the preparation method is: 1. at normal pressure 100-200 DEG C of temperature, feed inert gas into the solid catalyst layer of the plasma reactor through the air inlet Gas for 10 minutes; ② After the inert gas is stopped, a mixed gas of carbon dioxide and methane is introduced from the inlet nozzle. The optimal molar ratio of carbon dioxide and methane is 1:1-1:5; AC voltage is passed on the electrode, at this time, gas barrier discharge plasma is generated in the solid catalyst layer to convert the mixed gas into gasoline. The catalyst is X type, Y type, A type, ZSM-5 type, 13X type molecular sieve, or copper, Metal mesh catalysts such as stainless steel. 2. the method for preparing gasoline by converting methane and carbon dioxide into gasoline according to claim 1, characterized in that: the structure of the plasma reactor: the high-voltage electrode is a brush electrode, and its outer ring is covered with a quartz A reaction tube, the outer ring of the quartz reaction tube is covered with a constant temperature oil bath, a solid catalyst is filled between the quartz reaction tube and the constant temperature oil bath, the high voltage electrode is connected to the AC voltage generator, and the ground electrode is the metal cylinder of the constant temperature oil bath. The gas nozzle passes through the constant temperature oil bath cylinder and connects to the upper part of the solid catalyst layer. The upper sealing cover, the lower sealing cover and the constant temperature oil bath cylinder seal the part inside the cylinder. A discharge nozzle is installed on the lower cover, and the discharge nozzle is A temperature measuring head is installed, a temperature measuring head is installed on the air inlet nozzle, and a pressure measuring head is installed on the air inlet nozzle. 3. The method for preparing gasoline by converting methane and carbon dioxide by plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that: said molecular sieve catalyst supports at least one metal ion of IB, IIB, IV, Cu, Zn. 4. The method for preparing gasoline by converting methane and carbon dioxide by plasma according to claim 1, characterized in that: the inert gas is helium, argon or neon.