NL2014541A - Method for operating of a regenerative bipolar membrane fuel cell, and regenerative bipolar membrane fuel cell there for. - Google Patents
Method for operating of a regenerative bipolar membrane fuel cell, and regenerative bipolar membrane fuel cell there for. Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NL2014541A NL2014541A NL2014541A NL2014541A NL2014541A NL 2014541 A NL2014541 A NL 2014541A NL 2014541 A NL2014541 A NL 2014541A NL 2014541 A NL2014541 A NL 2014541A NL 2014541 A NL2014541 A NL 2014541A
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- NL
- Netherlands
- Prior art keywords
- bipolar membrane
- fluids
- energy
- difference
- contact
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 171
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000003637 basic solution Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910013553 LiNO Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007017 scission Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Inorganic materials [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000909 electrodialysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- -1 hydroxide ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium nitrate Inorganic materials [Li+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O IIPYXGDZVMZOAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019897 RuOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910003455 mixed metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/188—Regeneration by electrochemical means by recharging of redox couples containing fluids; Redox flow type batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/18—Regenerative fuel cells, e.g. redox flow batteries or secondary fuel cells
- H01M8/184—Regeneration by electrochemical means
- H01M8/186—Regeneration by electrochemical means by electrolytic decomposition of the electrolytic solution or the formed water product
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
- H01M8/227—Dialytic cells or batteries; Reverse electrodialysis cells or batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2455—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with liquid, solid or electrolyte-charged reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
Claims (17)
1. Werkwijze voor het bedrijven van een regeneratief bipolair membraan brandstofcel, omvattende de stappen: het voorzien van een regeneratief bipolair membraan brandstofcel omvattende: een reactor met een anodecompartiment met een anode en een cathodecompartiment met een cathode; en een aantal celeenheden welke de anode en cathodecompartimenten scheiden, waarin de celeenheid omvattende een anionuitwisselingsmembraan, een kationuitwisselingsmembraan, en een bipolair membraan welke compartimenten definiëren; het voorzien van een fluïdum aan beide zijden van het bipolair membraan met ionconcentraties zodanig dat het verschil in wateractiviteit tussen de fluïda aan beide zijden van het bipolair membraan minimaal is; het opslaan van energie in een energie-opslagtoestand door het voorzien van een externe stroom aan de reactor, zodanig dat een pH verschil tussen fluïda in contact met het bipolaire membraan wordt bewerkstelligd; het schakelen tussen de energie-opslagtoestand en een energiegeneratietoestand; en het generen van energie in de energiegeneratietoestand uit het pH verschil tussen de fluïda in contact met het bipolaire membraan.
2. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1, waarin het verschil in wateractiviteit van beide fluïda in contact met het bipolaire membraan wordt geminimaliseerd in de energiegeneratietoestand.
3. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 1 of 2, waarin het opslaan van energie watersplitsing omvat.
4. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 3, waarin de watersplitsing wordt uitgevoerd in het bipolaire membraan.
5. Werkwijze volgens één of meer van de voorgaande conclusies, waarin in gebruik de reactor wordt voorzien van drie fluïda, een eerste fluïdum omvattende een zoutoplossing, een tweede fluïdum omvattende zuuroplossing, en een derde fluïdum omvattende een basische oplossing.
6. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 5, waarin de zoutconcentratie omvattende één of meer van de volgende ionen: Li+, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, en Cl , F, Br', I , S042, N03, C104.
7. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 5 of 6, waarin de basische oplossing omvattende één of meer van de volgende ionen: Li+, Na+ en K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, en OH.
8. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 5, 6 of 7, waarin de zuuroplossing omvattende één of meer van de volgende ionen: H+, en F, Cl , Br", I , S042, N03, C104.
9. Werkwijze volgens één of meer van de conclusies 5-9, waarin de zuuroplossing omvattende HC1, de base oplossing omvattende LiOH en/of NaOH en/of KOH, en de zoutoplossing omvattende LiCl en/of NaCl and/or KC1.
10. Werkwijze volgens één of meer van de conclusies 5-9, waarin de zuuroplossing omvattende HN03, de base oplossing omvattende LiOH en/of NaOH en/of KOH, en de zout oplossing omvattende LiN03 en/of NaN03 en/of KN03.
11. Werkwijze volgens één of meer van de voorgaande conclusies, waarin het verschil in water activiteit van beide fluïda in contact met het bipolaire membraan wordt gehouden in het bereik van -0.015 to +0.015, en bij voorkeur in het bereik van -0.012 tot +0.012, en met de meeste voorkeur in het bereik van -0.01 tot +0.01.
12. Werkwijze volgens één of meer van de voorgaande conclusies, verder omvattende de stap van het toevoeren van additioneel elektrolytisch fluïdum en/of organische verbinding naar één of meer van de fluïda, zodanig dat wateractiviteit van een dergelijk fluïdum wordt gecontroleerd.
13. Werkwijze volgens één of meer van de voorgaande conclusies, verder omvattende de stap van het beheersen van het verschil in wateractiviteit van de fluïda in contact met het bipolaire membraan.
14. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 13, waarin het beheersen van het verschil in wateractiviteit van de fluïda in contact met het bipolaire membraan het aansturen van de pompsnelheid van één of meer van de fluïda met een pompregelaar omvat.
15. Regeneratief bipolair membraanbrandstofcel voor het opslaan en genereren van energie, welke is geconfigureerd voor het uitvoeren van de werkwijze volgens één of meer van de voorgaande conclusies, waarin de cel omvattende: een reactor met een anodecompartiment met een anode en een cathodecompartiment met een cathode; en een aantal celeenheden welke de anode en cathodecompartimenten scheiden, waarin de celeenheid omvattende een anion uitwisselingsmembraan, een kationuitwisselingsmembraan en een bipolair membraan definiërend compartimenten.
16. Cel volgens conclusie 15, waarin de celeenheid een hexagonale vorm omvat.
17. Cel volgens conclusie 15 of 16, verder omvattende een pompregelaar geconfigureerd voor het regelen van pompsnelheid gebaseerd op het verschil in wateractiviteit van de fluïda in contact met het bipolaire membraan.
Priority Applications (9)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2014541A NL2014541B1 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-03-27 | Method for operating of a regenerative bipolar membrane fuel cell, and regenerative bipolar membrane fuel cell there for. |
| ES16727238T ES2738413T3 (es) | 2015-03-27 | 2016-03-24 | Método de funcionamiento de una celda de combustible de membrana bipolar regenerativa, y celda de combustible de membrana bipolar regenerativa para la misma |
| PCT/NL2016/050207 WO2016159761A1 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2016-03-24 | Method for operating of a regenerative bipolar membane fuel cell, and regenerative bipolar membrane fuel cell there for. |
| CN201680019106.3A CN107873111B (zh) | 2015-03-27 | 2016-03-24 | 可再生双极膜燃料电池的操作方法及其可再生双极膜燃料电池 |
| KR1020177030313A KR102526924B1 (ko) | 2015-03-27 | 2016-03-24 | 재생형 쌍극막 연료전지의 작동 방법 및 이를 위한 재생형 쌍극막 연료전지 |
| DK16727238.4T DK3274078T3 (da) | 2015-03-27 | 2016-03-24 | Fremgangsmåde til brug af en regenererende bipolar membranbrændstofcelle og regenererende bipolar membranbrændstofcelle hertil |
| US15/556,887 US10541439B2 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2016-03-24 | Method for operating of a regenerative bipolar membrane fuel cell, and regenerative bipolar membrane fuel cell there for |
| EP16727238.4A EP3274078B1 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2016-03-24 | Method for operating of a regenerative bipolar membane fuel cell, and regenerative bipolar membrane fuel cell there for. |
| HK18108463.1A HK1248923B (zh) | 2015-03-27 | 2016-03-24 | 可再生双极膜燃料电池的操作方法及其可再生双极膜燃料电池 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2014541A NL2014541B1 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-03-27 | Method for operating of a regenerative bipolar membrane fuel cell, and regenerative bipolar membrane fuel cell there for. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NL2014541A true NL2014541A (en) | 2016-10-10 |
| NL2014541B1 NL2014541B1 (en) | 2017-01-06 |
Family
ID=53189125
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NL2014541A NL2014541B1 (en) | 2015-03-27 | 2015-03-27 | Method for operating of a regenerative bipolar membrane fuel cell, and regenerative bipolar membrane fuel cell there for. |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10541439B2 (nl) |
| EP (1) | EP3274078B1 (nl) |
| KR (1) | KR102526924B1 (nl) |
| CN (1) | CN107873111B (nl) |
| DK (1) | DK3274078T3 (nl) |
| ES (1) | ES2738413T3 (nl) |
| NL (1) | NL2014541B1 (nl) |
| WO (1) | WO2016159761A1 (nl) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US11374242B2 (en) | 2019-04-06 | 2022-06-28 | Mark Minto | Methods and apparatus for decoupling reactant activation and reaction completion |
| KR102361075B1 (ko) * | 2020-05-27 | 2022-02-11 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | 에너지 수확 장치 |
| CN113659872A (zh) * | 2021-07-05 | 2021-11-16 | 合肥工业大学 | 基于双极膜的发电装置及其发电方法 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4311771A (en) * | 1978-12-21 | 1982-01-19 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Process for production of electrical energy from the neutralization of acid and base in a bipolar membrane cell |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004505415A (ja) * | 2000-07-20 | 2004-02-19 | プロトン エネルギー システムズ，インク． | 電気化学セルシステム出力制御方法及び装置 |
| US7282294B2 (en) * | 2004-07-02 | 2007-10-16 | General Electric Company | Hydrogen storage-based rechargeable fuel cell system and method |
| NL1031148C2 (nl) | 2006-02-14 | 2007-08-16 | Redstack B V | Inrichting voor het uitvoeren van een omgekeerd elektrodialyse proces en werkwijze voor het uitvoeren van een omgekeerd elektrodialyse proces. |
| CN103270636A (zh) | 2010-11-03 | 2013-08-28 | 西门子私人有限公司 | 用于能量发生和废物处理的电渗析系统和方法 |
-
2015
- 2015-03-27 NL NL2014541A patent/NL2014541B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2016
- 2016-03-24 DK DK16727238.4T patent/DK3274078T3/da active
- 2016-03-24 CN CN201680019106.3A patent/CN107873111B/zh active Active
- 2016-03-24 US US15/556,887 patent/US10541439B2/en active Active
- 2016-03-24 ES ES16727238T patent/ES2738413T3/es active Active
- 2016-03-24 EP EP16727238.4A patent/EP3274078B1/en active Active
- 2016-03-24 WO PCT/NL2016/050207 patent/WO2016159761A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2016-03-24 KR KR1020177030313A patent/KR102526924B1/ko active Active
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4311771A (en) * | 1978-12-21 | 1982-01-19 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Process for production of electrical energy from the neutralization of acid and base in a bipolar membrane cell |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| ZHOLKOVSKIJ E K ET AL: "The storage battery with bipolar membranes", JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE, ELSEVIER BV, NL, vol. 141, no. 2, 15 April 1998 (1998-04-15), pages 231 - 243, XP027144339, ISSN: 0376-7388, [retrieved on 19980415] * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NL2014541B1 (en) | 2017-01-06 |
| HK1248923A1 (zh) | 2018-10-19 |
| CN107873111A (zh) | 2018-04-03 |
| WO2016159761A1 (en) | 2016-10-06 |
| US10541439B2 (en) | 2020-01-21 |
| KR102526924B1 (ko) | 2023-04-27 |
| EP3274078B1 (en) | 2019-05-08 |
| CN107873111B (zh) | 2020-11-20 |
| US20180198151A1 (en) | 2018-07-12 |
| KR20170131531A (ko) | 2017-11-29 |
| EP3274078A1 (en) | 2018-01-31 |
| ES2738413T3 (es) | 2020-01-22 |
| DK3274078T3 (da) | 2019-08-05 |
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