Advances in the field of Neonatal Nephrology have been driven by global, interdisciplinary, collaborative efforts that have heightened awareness of the importance of neonatal kidney health in both short- and long-term outcomes. This Topical Collection aims to present new, cutting-edge research (clinical/translational) and invited expert reviews on key topics related to improving the health of babies with or at risk for kidney disease. The Collection is open to submissions on a wide range of neonatal kidney-related topics including acute kidney injury, kidney health biomarkers, kidney support therapies for small patients, prematurity and long-term outcomes, congenital kidney and urinary tract anomalies, genetics, systems and process improvements related to kidney care in the NICU and beyond, ethics, and advocacy (local and global).