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The Achaemenid Empire was the largest empire the ancient world had seen, extending from Anatolia and Egypt across western Asia to northern India and Central Asia. Its formation began in 550 B.C., when King Astyages of the Median empire, who dominated much of Iran and eastern Anatolia (Turkey), was defeated by Cyrus, king of Persia (r. 559–530 B.C.). Soon after Cyrus the Great established the first Persian Empire (Persia), it would become the world's first superpower. As a result, it united...
